An Introduction to the Human Rights Movement

An Introduction to the Human Rights Movement                                                              -20060406 owen Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law... These are the second and third paragraphs of the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948 without a dissenting vote. It is the first multinational declaration mentioning human rights by name, and the human rights movement has largely adopted it as a charter. I'm quoting them here because it states as well or better than anything I've read what human rights are and why they are important. The United Nations Charter, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and UN Human Rights covenants were written and implemented in the aftermath of the Holocaust, revelations coming from the Nuremberg war crimes trials, the Bataan Death March, the atomic bomb, and other horrors smaller in magnitude but not in impact on the individuals they affected. A whole lot of people in a number of countries had a crisis of conscience and found they could no longer look the other way while tyrants jailed, tortured, and killed their neighbors. In Germany, the Nazis first came for the communists, and I did not speak up, because I was not a Communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak up, because I was not a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I did not speak up, because I was not a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics, and I did not speak up, because I was not a Catholic. Then they came for me... and by that time, there was no one to speak up for anyone. -- Martin Niemoeller, Pastor, German Evangelical (Lutheran) Church Many also realized that advances in technology and changes in social structures had rendered war a threat to the continued existence of the human race. Large numbers of people in many countries lived under the control of tyrants, having no recourse but war to relieve often intolerable living conditions. Unless some way was found to relieve the lot of these people, they could revolt and become the catalyst for another wide-scale and possibly nuclear war. For perhaps the first time, representatives from the majority of governments in the world came to the conclusion that basic human rights must be protected, not only for the sake of the individuals and countries involved, but to preserve the human race. Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed. This world in arms is not spending money alone. It is spending the sweat of its laborers, the genius of its scientists, the hopes of its children. This is not a way of life at all in any true sense. Under the clouds of war, it is humanity hanging on a cross of iron. -- Dwight D. Eisenhower President of the United States "I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones." -- Albert Einstein <vocabulary> ◎ Whereas -1 …에 반하여(while on the other hand),              2 [특히 법률·조약의 전문(前文)에서] …이므로, …라는 사실에서 보면 ◎ contempt - 경멸, 멸시 ◎ rebellion -  반란 ◎ preamble - 서문 ◎ aftermath - 영향, 여파 ◎ magnitude - 크기, 중요성 <references> ◎ the Holocaust - 나치에 의한 유태인 대학살 ◎ Nuremberg war crimes trials - 뉘른베르크 전범재판 , 제2차 세계대전 종전 후 연합군측이 집행한 재판으로 독일 나치의 고위 인사들을 처벌한 전범재판 ◎ the Bataan Death March - 2차 대전 당시 일본군이 전쟁포로를 비인류적으로 다룬 사건 <Question> 1. Have you ever seen "Schindler's List"?(Steven Allan Spielberg 1993) After I saw this movie, I'm so confused. During World War 2, approximately 600 million Jews were died by Nazis from child to adult. What do you think about this incident? Most of people blame nazis for their inhumane behavior but do you know korean has the same experience in vietnam war as nazis. Many korean soldiers slaughtered Vietnamese without any reason. There were just war madness. 2. Human beings history is repetition of war. We can't say our history without telling a war. I don't know why people kill one another. Is this our instinct?  3. What's the best way to prevent the second korean war?  4. "Human beings are natually tenderhearted!!!" "Human beings are natually evil!!!"  Which statements are right in your standard? An Introduction to the Human Rights Movement                                                              -20060406 owen Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law... These are the second and third paragraphs of the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948 without a dissenting vote. It is the first multinational declaration mentioning human rights by name, and the human rights movement has largely adopted it as a charter. I'm quoting them here because it states as well or better than anything I've read what human rights are and why they are important. The United Nations Charter, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and UN Human Rights covenants were written and implemented in the aftermath of the Holocaust, revelations coming from the Nuremberg war crimes trials, the Bataan Death March, the atomic bomb, and other horrors smaller in magnitude but not in impact on the individuals they affected. A whole lot of people in a number of countries had a crisis of conscience and found they could no longer look the other way while tyrants jailed, tortured, and killed their neighbors. In Germany, the Nazis first came for the communists, and I did not speak up, because I was not a Communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak up, because I was not a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I did not speak up, because I was not a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics, and I did not speak up, because I was not a Catholic. Then they came for me... and by that time, there was no one to speak up for anyone. -- Martin Niemoeller, Pastor, German Evangelical (Lutheran) Church Many also realized that advances in technology and changes in social structures had rendered war a threat to the continued existence of the human race. Large numbers of people in many countries lived under the control of tyrants, having no recourse but war to relieve often intolerable living conditions. Unless some way was found to relieve the lot of these people, they could revolt and become the catalyst for another wide-scale and possibly nuclear war. For perhaps the first time, representatives from the majority of governments in the world came to the conclusion that basic human rights must be protected, not only for the sake of the individuals and countries involved, but to preserve the human race. Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed. This world in arms is not spending money alone. It is spending the sweat of its laborers, the genius of its scientists, the hopes of its children. This is not a way of life at all in any true sense. Under the clouds of war, it is humanity hanging on a cross of iron. -- Dwight D. Eisenhower President of the United States "I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones." -- Albert Einstein <vocabulary> ◎ Whereas -1 …에 반하여(while on the other hand),              2 [특히 법률·조약의 전문(前文)에서] …이므로, …라는 사실에서 보면 ◎ contempt - 경멸, 멸시 ◎ rebellion -  반란 ◎ preamble - 서문 ◎ aftermath - 영향, 여파 ◎ magnitude - 크기, 중요성 <references> ◎ the Holocaust - 나치에 의한 유태인 대학살 ◎ Nuremberg war crimes trials - 뉘른베르크 전범재판 , 제2차 세계대전 종전 후 연합군측이 집행한 재판으로 독일 나치의 고위 인사들을 처벌한 전범재판 ◎ the Bataan Death March - 2차 대전 당시 일본군이 전쟁포로를 비인류적으로 다룬 사건 <Question> 1. Have you ever seen "Schindler's List"?(Steven Allan Spielberg 1993) After I saw this movie, I'm so confused. During World War 2, approximately 600 million Jews were died by Nazis from child to adult. What do you think about this incident? Most of people blame nazis for their inhumane behavior but do you know korean has the same experience in vietnam war as nazis. Many korean soldiers slaughtered Vietnamese without any reason. There were just war madness. 2. Human beings history is repetition of war. We can't say our history without telling a war. I don't know why people kill one another. Is this our instinct?  3. What's the best way to prevent the second korean war?  4. "Human beings are natually tenderhearted!!!" "Human beings are natually evil!!!"  Which statements are right in your standard?