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Topic 1.
Start walking toward healthier bones and heart
The recent warm weather created a good environment for waking up idle muscles. Doctors recommend walking for those who have used the cold weather as an excuse for idleness. It is a well-rounded way to work out that trains over 600 muscles and 200 bones. However, those who are embarking on an exercise program should be aware that even walking is not as simple as it may seem.
Doctors say that a workout regime should begin with moderate exercise.
Kenneth Cooper, head of Cooper Aerobics Center in the United States, says that in order to reduce reactive oxygen species such as free radicals, which damage cell structures and are a leading cause of aging and geriatric disease, there is no better exercise than walking. Yet Mr. Cooper warns that walking with too high a level of intensity can increase the chance of muscle injury and escalates the production of reactive oxygen by increasing oxygen depletion 10-fold.
Less intense exercise is defined as working out two or three times a week while maintaining the appropriate heart rate. (The appropriate heart rate is about 65 to 80 per cent of one’s age subtracted from 220.) For a 40 year old, somewhere between117 and 144 would be the appropriate heart rate during exercise. In order to measure the heart rate, pause between walks and place your hand on the carotid artery. Suppose a person walks a mile. When walking the distance in 20 minutes, the heart rate may only be around 55 per cent of the appropriate heart rate. Walking the distance in 15 minutes will raise the heart rate. Exercise speeds should be adjusted until the appropriate heart rate is reached.
Doctors say walking has more advantages than jogging.
“Compared to jogging, walking is more effective for weight-loss. Walking 8 kilometers per hour burns 530 calories, while jogging the same distance at the same speed only burns 480 calories,” said Jae-hyeon, vice president of Nanoori Hospital. “This is due to the fact that the feet and arms move faster when walking at a rapid pace than they do while jogging slowly.”
Furthermore, there is less chance of injury to the knees, heels and spine when walking, since it applies less pressure than jogging. When jogging, a body experiences an impact equal to three times its weight when the feet hit the ground. On the contrary, when walking the impact is only twice the weight of the body. The walking pace should be maintained at a comfortable level and this is measured by the length of one’s stride. Usually this should be 100 subtracted from one’s height in centimeters. If the steps are too wide apart, it can cause weariness. Also, the feet should be kept parallel to each other.
The biggest downside of walking is that it can get boring. “Walk along promenades or riverbanks rather than exercising on running machines,” advised Professor Kang Jae-heon from Seoul Paik Hospital. “Keeping records of your time, distance and condition is another way to overcome the tediousness of walking,” he added. Using a pedometer to keep track of the number of steps taken is also helpful. In safe areas, walking backwards or sideways may also be interesting. “Different walking methods have the advantage of making use of various muscles that we don’t normally use,” said Lee Jong-in, a doctor at Kangnam St. Mary’s Hospital, who recommends supplementing a daily work out with other activities such as taking the stairs instead of the elevator. “When walking backwards, the muscles and cords behind the knees are strengthened and this prevents arthritis.”
Questions
1.Would you like work out ?
If you have do exercise, How long do you work out?
What kind of sports do you like?
2. How do you feel when you are done exercise?
Topic 2.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The biggest challenge facing AI computer programmers today is to make machines that are smarter and wiser than we are.
Although most people think artificial intelligence is something new, it is not. AI research was born with the first electronic computer in 1941, and the first experiments in robotics were begun in the late 1950s. Most people think of talking robots, sometimes referred to as androids, when they think of artificial intelligence, but different forms of AI have been in our lives for decades.
One example of AI in our world is the thermostat which controls the temperature inside our cars and buildings. A thermostat determines the temperature of the air around it, compares it to the desired temperature, then turns the heat or cooling up or down according to whichever is needed. Today we take them for granted, but creating a thinking device like this was no small task.
To date scientific research has produced many devices that can perform small thinking tasks, and we find them all around our homes. They’re in our car engines, cameras, telephones and computers.
Today the emphasis in AI research is on creating machines that can behave in ways that humans consider intelligent. Researchers are now creating systems which can imitate human thought, understand speech, and do many things thought to be science fiction not long ago. Advancements in AI are being made so fast that it is expected that in just a few years time we will have humanoid machines with the ability to teach things to us humans. Some are predicting that we’ll soon have androids capable of being our friends or even roommates. That may not be as farfetched as it sounds.
The most challenging task facing researchers has been to build machines that can imitate the human brain. It’s thought that a computer can be called intelligent if it can deceive a human into believing that it is also human.
This test was first passed in 1997 when a computer named “Big Blue” defeated world chess champion Gray Kasparov at a game of chess. The world was shocked that any machine could have the ability to beat a man at such an exercise of mental strength. But it was just the beginning.
There’s no doubt that we’ll be able to produce machines smarter than us, and the possibilities are endless. Machines will be taught to do jobs that require them to follow detailed instructions and be mentally alert!! at the same time. Machines can’t get tired, so accidents caused by fatigue will never happen. Machines will also be designed for specific tasks that humans hate, but unlike humans, they won’t complain.
What worries computer scientists about AI is not that they may not be able to create the machines but that they might not able to teach them to be wise and not make the same foolish mistakes that we humans make. They must be taught to be kind, well mannered, and to behave intelligently. If we expect them to make import!!ant decisions, they should be wise, not foolish like us. The question is, Will they learn man’s love of money and power and then wage war to get them, or will they be smarter than that?
Questions
1. Do you think it’s possible that machines will someday be taught to be as smart as or even smarter than human beings? Why or why not?
2. If machines are someday made to be as smart as humans, is it possible that they could also be our friends or companions? Why or why not?
3. Would you like to have a robot as a friend or a roommate? Why or why not?
4. What would be the advantages of having an android instead of a human as a friends or roommates? Would there be arguments? Why or why not?
5. What would be the disadvantages of having an android instead of a human as a companion?
6. In which of these jobs would machines perform better than humans? In which would humans be better?
■ Teaching: Would they be good teachers?
■ Drivers: Would they have accidents?
■ Factory workers. Would they be injured?
■ Cashier and store clerks. Would they make mistakes?
■ Babysitters. Would the children like them?
■ Bank employees. Would they steal money?
■ Policeman: Wouldn’t they be stronger?
7. Will AI computer programmers ever be able to teach the machines to be kinder, more polite, and wiser than humans, or will the machines learn to make the same mistakes that we do? How can humans teach machines to be smarter than we are?
8. How long will it be before machines that think like humans become a reality? 10 years, 20 years, never? Tell why you think so.
9. How will human society change if machines are somebody taught to take their place in many jobs or other roles? Will we become lazy? Will machines, which never get tired of lazy or make mistakes, someday take over the control of society? Would you like to live in a world controlled by computers? Why or why not?
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첫댓글 참.슥. 아.니.죠~ 참.석.! 맞습니다~ ^^
직접 올리 셨나 봐요... 나한테 토픽 있었는데... ㅎㅎ 올릴껄... ㅎㅎ
I will be present !! (<-- Is this correct expression?? o.o)
i will be present at this meeting. 이란게 더 정확하지 않을 까요?? 장소가 빠진것 빼고는 맞는 표현 같은데요... 근데 대부분 i'll be there.을 쓰는것 같은데용~~ ^^
이번주는 함 달려볼까나...ㅋㅋ
참석합니다. 토욜날 뵈요^^
참석 할께요~♡"
[불참]회사야유회가 1받2일이라.; 또 빠지게 됐어요 담주에 꼭 갈게요~ ^-^
참참참~!!^^
처음 참석합니다. 토요일에 뵈어요~
참석할게요~ ^-^
Maybe...^^
I might be there and wait for you guys!!^^