스크랩 말씀,언 言 한자발음은 어디서 오는가?

[나비우스]

말씀,언 言

이 한자발음 역시 인도 드라비다어에서 차용한 것이다.

콧소리 발음 응 이 있었다.

n이 빠지고 g만 남아 있는 것이 일본어와 대만어 이다.

북경어 이앤

베트남어 ngôn [言] 언어  발음 [응온]

대만어  言 giân 기앤

광동어 jin  인 

일본어 げん·ごん 겐,곤 

Meaning : "say" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Dravidian : *jan-

Meaning : to say

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *jan-

 

Proto-South Dravidian : *jan-

Meaning : to say

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : en_ (en_p-, en_r_-)

Tamil meaning : to say, utter, express

Tamil derivates : en_kai saying; en_pi (-pp-, -tt-) to make one establish or prove (as a statement)

Malayalam : ennuka

Malayalam meaning : to sound, say, think (defective); to sound thus, appear thus, be such (aux. vb.)

Kannada : en (end-), ennu, an (and-), annu

Kannada meaning : to say, speak, call, name

Kannada derivates : enisu, ennisu, enasu, anasu, anisu, annisu to cause to say, cause oneself to say, cause to be called, cause oneself to be called, be called, be spoken of; enuha, ennike, ennuvike, annuvike saying, calling, naming; embu, imbu a saying, a word

Kodagu : *enn- (emb-, end-)

Kodagu meaning : to say (so-and-so)

Tulu : anpini, inpini

Tulu meaning : to say, speak

Tulu derivates : endruni to say fully

Proto-Nilgiri : *in-

 

Proto-Nilgiri : *in-

Meaning : to say

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : in- (id_-), -n- (-d_-) "to say (so-and-so), be said to be (so-and-so)"

Toda : ɨn- (ɨd_-) "to say (so-and-so)"

Number in DED : 868

Number in DED : 0868

Proto-Telugu : *an-

 

Proto-Telugu : *an-

Meaning : to say, utter, speak; adj. named, called

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : anu

Inscriptional Telugu : envānr_u "(7th cent.) he who is called"

Additional forms : Also anipincu to seem, look, appear, be considered; pretend, cause to believe, cause to be said; anukonu to think, believe, suppose, say to oneself

Notes : Note archaic e- (< *ya-).

Number in DED : 868

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *jan-

 

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *jan-

Meaning : to say

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : en- (ent-) "to say (so-and-so), be said to be (so-and-so)"

Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : in- "to say (so-and-so), be said to be (so-and-so)"

Naikri : en- (ent-)

Naiki : en- (enḍ-)

Parji : en- (end-, ett-) "to say (so-and-so)"

Salur Gadba : in-

Number in DED : 868

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *in- (past stem *it_-)

 

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *in- (past stem *it_-)

Meaning : to say

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *in-

 

Proto-Gondi : *in-

Meaning : to say

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : indānā (inj-) "to say, call"

Muria Gondi : ind- (itt-)

Maria Gondi : in- (-t-)

Yeotmal Gondi : ind- (itt-)

Adilabad Gondi : ind- (itt-)

Number in DED : 868

Number in CVOTGD : 173

Konda : in- (iR-)

 

Konda : in- (iR-)

Meaning: to say

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 868

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *in- (p.t. *ic-)

 

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *in- (p.t. *ic-)

Meaning : to say

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : in- (ic-)

Manda : in (ic-)

Number in DED : 868

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *in- (p.t. *ic-)

 

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *in- (p.t. *ic-)

Meaning : to say

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : inba (is-) "to say, to articulate"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : injali

Kuwi (Schulze) : innai

Sunkarametta Kuwi : in- (icc-)

Kuwi (Israel) : inmbu "saying"

Additional forms : Also Kui ispa (ist-) to cause to say, make articulate

Number in DED : 868

Proto-North Dravidian : *ān-

 

Proto-North-Dravidian : *ān-

Meaning : to say

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : ānnā "to say, tell, salute as, point out, designate"

Malto : āne "to think, say, or do thus"

Number in DED : 868

응 긍 언 에 해당하는 알타이어다.

Meaning: "say" | Query method: Match substring

Proto-Altaic: *găŋi ( ~ -i̯a-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

 

Eurasiatic: *gaŋV

Meaning: to call, explain

Altaic: *găŋi ( ~ -i̯a-)

 

Proto-Altaic: *găŋi ( ~ -i̯a-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to explain, tell, say

Russian meaning: объяснять, говорить

Turkic: *geŋe-

Mongolian: *geɣe-

Tungus-Manchu: *g(i)aŋna-

Comments: Владимирцов 250, АПиПЯЯ 295, KW 132 (Turk.-Mong.). A Western isogloss.

Uralic: *kanV (*kaŋV)

 

Number: 242

Proto: *kanV (*kaŋV)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to call

German meaning: rufen

Hungarian: hív- (1 p. hívok, dial. hilok, híok, híjom, hijom) 'rufen; nenneb, heißen' ?

Nenets (Yurak): χān- (O) 'rufen, bitten'

Enets (Yen): kaŋa- 'bitten, rufen'

Selkup: k͔uera-, k͔ûera- (Ta.), k͔uera- (Ke.) 'rufen', kera- (Ty.) 'beim Namen rufen', qē̮ri̮- (Tur.) '(zu sich) rufen'

Addenda: Mot. кагнамъ 'прошу'

Eskimo-Aleut: *kaŋi-ʁ- ?

References: ND 647 *güʕaŋ[o] 'voice, to produce a sound' (TM-Ur.; also listing many onomatopoeia in various families).

Meaning: to explain, tell, say

Russian meaning: объяснять, говорить

Turkic: *geŋe-

 

Proto-Turkic: *geŋe-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to advise 2 advice

Russian meaning: 1 советовать(ся) 2 совет

Old Turkic: keŋeš 2, keŋeš- 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: keŋe- 'to settle one's affairs with someone' (MK, KB), keneš 2, keŋeš- 1 (MK, KB)

Turkish: gengeš- 1 (dial.)

Tatar: kiŋäš 2

Middle Turkic: keŋeš 2, keŋeš- 1 (Abush., Sangl.)

Uighur: käŋäš- 1 (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: keŋes- 1, keŋis 2

Azerbaidzhan: gänäš- 1 (dial.)

Turkmen: geŋeš- 1, geŋeš 2

Oyrat: keŋeš- 1 (Верб.)

Chuvash: kanaš 2, kanaš-la- 1

Kirghiz: keŋeš 2, keŋeš- 1

Kazakh: keŋes 2, keŋes- 1

Noghai: keŋes 2

Bashkir: käŋäš 2

Balkar: kengeš 'counsel'

Karaim: kenes, keneš 2, keneš- 1

Karakalpak: keŋes 2, keŋes- 1

Kumyk: gengeš 'counsel'

Comments: VEWT 253, EDT 727, 734, ЭСТЯ 3, 21-22, TMN 3, 613-614.

Mongolian: *geɣe-

 

Proto-Mongolian: *geɣe-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to speak, say

Russian meaning: говорить, сказать

Written Mongolian: ge- (L 372)

Middle Mongolian: ke'e- (SH, HYt), kē- (HYt), gi- (MA)

Khalkha: ge-

Buriat: ge-

Kalmuck: ge-, gɛ̄-, gī-

Ordos: ge-

Baoan: ge-

Dagur: geǯi (MD 149-150) (quotation particle - converb from *ge-)

Monguor: gi- (SM 135)

Mogol: ge- (Ramstedt 1906)

Comments: KW 132.

Tungus-Manchu: *g(i)aŋna-

 

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *g(i)aŋna-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to explain 2 to set (a riddle)

Russian meaning: 1 объяснять 2 загадывать (загадку)

Literary Manchu: ǵaŋna- 1

Ulcha: GaŋGa- 2

Orok: GaŋGaŋ Gajawo- 2

Oroch: gaŋga- 2

Udighe: gaŋiŋa 'riddle' (Корм. 220)

Comments: ТМС 1, 140 (the Manchu word is separated as a Chinese loanword, which is hardly the case).

Comments: Владимирцов 250, АПиПЯЯ 295, KW 132 (Turk.-Mong.). A Western isogloss.