시제의 비교와 천체

[류재수]

Ⅲ. comparison of the tenses

1. 단순미래

⑴ will

A meeting will be held next Tuesday at 3 p.m.(단순미래)

be held = take place, be convened 열리다, 개최하다

The meeting will be held in the Town Hall.

What time will she arrive?

I will come up and help you clear the attic in a moment.(의도 준비).

in a moment= in a second. in a minute, before you can say knife, in a wink, in a brace [couple] of shakes, in the shake of a lamb’s tail, in two shakes [half a shake] (of a lamb’s tail), in nothing flat, before one knows where one is, in a pig’s whisper, (as) quick as lightning 순식간에. 곧

before you can say knife ① 순식간에 ② 갑자기

Alma won’t come to the party I’m sure.

Dr. Weir will see you now.

see [consult] a doctor = take medical treatment 의사의 진찰을 받다. be under the doctor 의사의 치료를 받고 있다.

Will you phone me later.(요청)

Oil will floats on water.(경향)

Accidents will happen.

The egg will not stand on either edge. 달걀은 어느 한쪽 끝으로도 서지 않는다.

The windows will not close.

This car will hold five people comfortably.(능력. 가능)

That will be Tim coming home now(추측).

Will you two shut up for God’s sake(명령. 반감).

shut up! = stow the gab!, shut your head!, hold [shut] your row!, lick me! 입닥쳐

for God’s sake = for Christ’s sake. for goodness’ sake. for heaven’s sake. for pity’s sake 제발. 아무쪼록.

Will you be staying the night?(제안)

Trish will keep asking damn silly questions.(습관)

damn[dæm]= damned[dæmd] 지독하게. 굉장히

⑵ be going to

I’m going to make [draw up] a will(의도).

make [draw u] a [one’s] will 유언장을 작성하다.

Wendi’s going to ring us from the station.

ring (up) = give ~ a ring (up). call (up). telephone. phone (up). make a telephone[call] to. buzz. give ~ a buzz, give~a tinkle [ting] 전화를 걸다

She is going to be a violinist.(예정)

It looks like it’s going to rain before long?(확실. 기대)

before long = soon, erelong 머지않아

2. 현재시재

The express bus leaves for Seoul at seven.

I have lessons the day after tomorrow.

I will give a surprise party when you get here.

give [hold. have. throw] a party 파티를 열다

3.현재진행

He’s playing the guitar at a concert tomorrow.

He is improving in health.

l’m meeting Sarah at six o’clock.

She’s leaving for Seoul tonight.

= She’s departing for Seoul tonight.

= She’s starting for Seoul tonight.

leave [depart, start] for ~를 향하여 출발하다

They’re leaving Seoul tonight.

= They’re departing fom Seoul tonight.

= They’re starting from Seoul tonight.

= They’re taking their hurried departures from Seoul tonight.

leave [depart from, start from] ~에서 출발하다

He is improving in health. 그는 건강이 증진되고 있다.

4. 미래 표현

⑴ be about to 지금 막 ~하려하다.

Sit down everyone. The film’s about to start.

sit down = seat oneself. be seated. have [take] a seat 앉다.

I’ve never smoked in my life and I’m not about to start now.

in one’s life = in all one’s born days 평생, 살아있는 동안

be about to ~ 지금 막 ~하려하다

⑵ be supposed to ~라고 여겨진다. ~하기로 되어 있다

The castle is supposed to be haunted.

You are supposed to be here at eight every day.

Dirty Harry is supposed to be one of Eastwood’s best films.

⑶ be expected to ~라고 예상[기대]되다

The factory is expected to be operating next year.

At the end of his tenure in April 2025, he is expected to be replaced by a big gun.

at the end of ~이 다하여, ~이 끝날 때에

replace =take the place of, supplant ~을 대신하다, 대체하다

big gun = big bug. big enchilada. big pot. big shot. big wig 중요인물. 거물.

Teachers are expected to teach a range of subjects across the curriculum.

⑷ be due to ~하기로 되어 있다

The meeting isn’t due to start until three.

The 15:50 train to Busan has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control.

due to =owing to, because of ~때문에

⑸ be scheduled to ~할 예정이다

She is scheduled to arrive here tomorrow.

The general meeting is scheduled for September [Saturday. seven o’clock].

⑹ be slated to ~할 예정이다

The delegation is slated to depart from Korea next week.

⑺ be prepared to ~할 준비 [각오]가 되어 있다

I prepared to admit my fault.

You have to be prepared to take risks in this kind of work.

take [run] risks 위험을 무릅쓰다.

How much is she prepared to pay?

I’m not prepared to sit here and listen to this rubbish.

⑻ be ready to ~할 준비가 되어 있다. 각오가 되어 있다(be prepared to). 기꺼이 ~하다(be willing to). 막 ~ 하려하다(be about to). ~하는 경향이 있다(be apt to).

The soldiers were ready to defend the fortress.

Everything’s packed, and we’re ready to leave.

By the end of that walk, we were ready to drop.

⑼ be willing to 기꺼이 ~하다

How much are they willing to pay?

I’m quite willing to do anything for you.

I told them I was perfectly [quite] willing to help.

be prompt to~ 즉시[선뜻] ~하다

Try to be prompt.

You must be prompt to act.

They were prompt to volunteer.

be prompt to obey

She is to visit her uncle's house next Friday(예정).

He is to finish his home task by 10(의도).

Mother is not to bother [trouble] you(의도).

Nothing was to be moved(가능).

All men are to die. = Man is mortal(운명).

celestial bodies(天體. 천체)

An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe.

천체, 천체, 항성체 또는 천체는 관측 가능한 우주 내에 존재하는 자연적으로 발생하는 물리적 실체, 연관성 또는 구조이다.

asteroids(小行星. 소행성) : 항성 주위를 공전하지만, 그 질량이 행성 및 위성보다 작은 천체. Juno(제3소행성)

dwarf planet(矮行星. 왜행성) : 행성과 소행성의 중간 천체. Ceres(1801년 최초로 발견된 소행성). Pluto(명왕성).

comet(彗星. 혜성) 꼬리별. 살별. 尾星(미성). Hally’s comet(핼리혜성)

satellite(衞星. 위성) 행성 등의 주위를 도는 천체(자연위성). (인공위성☓). 달.

planet(行星. 행성). 항성의 주위를 도는 천체. 遊星(유성). 떠돌이별. 지구

fixes star(恒星. 항성. 붙박이별) 태양과 같이 스스로의 핵융합을 통해 빛을 내는 천체. 태양.

nebula(星雲. 성운) :성간매질과 수소로 이루어진 천체. 암흑성운(dark nebula). 반사성운(reflection nebula). 행성상성운(planetary nebula). 발광성운(bright nebula)

star cluster(星團. 성단) : 중력으로 뭉쳐 있는 항성의 무리. 구성성단(globular cluster). 산개성단(open cluster)

galaxy(銀河. 은하) : 항성, 성간 물질,플라즈마,암흑 물질 등으로 이루어진 거대한 계. 나선은하(spiral galaxy). 타원은하(elliptical galaxy). 불규칙은하(irregular galaxy). 렌즈상운하(lenticular galaxy)

cosmic dust(宇宙塵. 우주진. 우주먼지)

the sun, moon and stars(日月星辰. 일월성신. 해달별)

sun

The Sun is a star at the center of the Solar System. It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. The Sun has been an object of veneration in many cultures. It has been a central subject for astronomical research since antiquity.

at the center of = at the hub of ~의 중심에.

by far = far and away 훨씬, 단연코

He was by far the handsomest man she had ever seen.

He is far and away the tallest boy in the class.

life [집합적] 생물. 생명체 animal life 동물. vegetable life 식물

The Sun is by far the brightest object in the Earth's sky.

The earth’s circuit of the sun takes about 365 days. 지구가 태양의 주위를 일주하는데 약 365일이 걸린다.

solar 태양의

a solar spot= a spot in the sun ① 태양의 흑점 ② 옥의 티

This solar spot also produced two solar blasts. 이 태양흑점은 또한 두개의 태양 폭발을 일으켰다.

a solar calendar 태양력↔ a lunar calendar 태음력

a solar eclipse 일식↔ a lunar eclipse 월식

Make hay while the sun shines.

= Strike the iron while it is hot. 기회를 놓치지 마라.

Don’t pass up a main chance [a golden opportunity].

= Don’t waste a good opportunity.

have [take ] a sunbath. take the sun. sun oneself. bathe in the sun. sunbathe 일광욕하다.

get [grab] some rays 햇볕을 쬐다, 일광욕하다

Do I have time to take a sunbath before we go to Seoul.

His sun is set. 한창때가 지났다.

moon(달. 월구(月球). 태음(太陰). 옥토(玉兔))

The Moon, planets and stars traverse the night sky from east to west.

There is a moon in the sky tonight. 오늘밤 하늘에 달이 떠있다.

There’s no moon in the sky tonight. 오늘밤 하늘에 달이 없다.

The moon can not be seen.

The moon rides high. 달이 높이 떠 있다.

The moon is rising above the horizon. 달이 지평선 위에 떠오르고 있다.

new moon = sickle moon, crescent moon 초승달(新月[신월]. 初月[초월]. 弦月[현월]. 朏魄[비백])

waxing crescent moon 차는 초승달

half moon 반달(半月[반월]) : the first quarter 상현달(上:弦[상현])

waxing gibbous moon 차는 볼록달

full moon = full- orbed moon 보름달(滿:月[만월]. 望:月[망월]. 盈月[영월])

harvest moon 중추의 보름달(仲秋月[중추월])

The moon is at the full. 달이 보름달(만월)이다.

A full moon lightened the road. 보름달이 길을 밝게 비추었다.

waning gibbous moon 지는 볼록달

half moon 반달(半月[반월]) : the last quarter 하현달(下:弦[하현])

waning crescent moon 지는 초승달

old moon 그믐달(朓[조])

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. 달은 지구의 유일한 자연위성이다.

As the moon waxes and wanes in its monthly cycle, the height of the tide varies.

달이 월주기로 차고 짐에 따라 조수의 높이도 변한다,

wax

When the moon waxes, it grows larger.

wane

When the moon wanes, you gradually see less of it.

日中則移月滿則虧(일중즉이월만즉휴)

日中則昃月盈則食(일중즉측월영즉식)

Waxing and waning

Diagram of the Moon's phases: The Earth is at the center of the diagram and the Moon is shown orbiting.

In common usage, the four major phases are the new moon, the first quarter, the full moon and the last quarter; the four minor phases are waxing crescent, waxing gibbous, waning gibbous, and waning crescent.

When the Sun and Moon are aligned on the same side of the Earth (conjunct), the Moon is "new", and the side of the Moon facing Earth is not illuminated by the Sun. As the Moon waxes, the lunar phases progress through the new moon, crescent moon, first-quarter moon, gibbous moon, and full moon phases. The Moon then wanes as it passes through the gibbous moon, third-quarter moon, and crescent moon phases, before returning back to new moon.

star

The Sun is a star and the Earth is one of its planets.

The sky was full of stars.

be full of ~= be filled with, be shot through with ~으로 가득차다

I lay on my back and looked up at the stars.

be born under lucky [unlucky] star.

reach for the stars 이룰수 없는 일을 바라다

seek [plant, reap, sow] gapeseed 몽상에 잠기다(daydream. build a castle in the air [in Spain]). 실행불가능한 일을 꿈꾸다 

thank one’s (lucky) stars 행운을 감사하다

Your star will rise someday. (성공. 행운)

Our star run was a fire-eating act. (관중을 끌기위한 여흥프로)

I felt a little dizzy and could see stars.

dizzy = giddy. vertiginous, swimming, faint, in a (flat) spin, light in the head 어지러운. 현기증 나는. see stars 눈앞이 아찔하다. feel faint = feel [turn] giddy [dizzy] 현기증 나다.

The stars winked. 별이 반짝였다.

She will star in the Los Angeles productionof ‘Phantom’ this year.

He has starred in two recent films.

The play starred him.

planet (행성. 유성, 떠돌이별)

Earth is a planet. Mercury is the smallest of all the planets.

Is there life on other planets?

The Solar System has eight planets by the most restrictive definition of the term: the terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, and the giant planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

분류	내용
terrestrial planets(지구형행성)	Mercury(수성), Venus(금성), Earth(지구), Mars(화성),
giant planets(거대행성)	Jupiter(목성), Saturn(토성), Uranus(천왕성), and Neptune(해왕성).

날마다. 매일

I couldn’t stand sitting at a desk day after day.

stand = abide. put up with. tolerate. stand for. bear. endure. go 참다. 견디다

I can’t go his preaching.

Her health was improving day by day.

His mood fluctuates from day to day.

fluctuate = vaccilate. oscillate. chop 동요하다. 흔들리다

She cooked and cleaned day in, day out for forty years.

He plays the piano day in and day out.

play the piano= perform (on) the piano. 피아노를 연주하다

= He performs (on) the piano day in and day out.

The zoo is open daily, from 10 am to 6 pm.

He worked very hard every day.

My doctor suggested (to me) that I should take a walk every day.

하루 걸러서(이틀에 한번)

every other day

I take a walk every other day.

every second day

every two days