전치사구 활용문제
Prepositional Phrases 전치사구
영어 용어로 어디서도 preposition-noun phrase 전명구라는 표현은 없음을 다시한번 상기합니다
허나 전구는 preposition phrase 전치사구 4자를 2자로 줄인 경제적인 용어입니다
1. 형역 전구
A prepositional phrase may be used as an adjective telling which or what kind and modifying a noun or pronoun.
An adjective prepositional phrase will come right after the noun or pronoun that it modifies.
If there are two adjective phrases together, one will follow the other.
전구의 한 역할은 형용사적인 역할로 명사 바로 뒤에 위치한다
두개 이상의 형역 전구도 연이어 올 수 있다 하므로
두번째 전구는 바로 앞의 전구의 목적인 명사를 수식하는게 아니고
앞전구가 수식하는 명사를 같이 수식한다는 말이다
즉 명사 + 형역전구A + 형역전구B 에서 B 역시 A 가 수식하는 명사를 같이 수식한다는 말
* 명사구 = 중심명사 + 전구1 + 전구2 에서
전구2는 중심명사를 수식할 수도 있고 전구1의 전목인 명사를 수식할 수도 있다
2. 부역전구
A prepositional phrase may be used as an adverb telling how, when, where, how much, and why and modifying the verb and sometimes an adjective.
Adverb
prepositional phrases can come anywhere in the sentence and can be
moved within the sentence without changing the meaning.
Only adjective prepositional phrases modify the object of the preposition in another prepositional phrase.
부역 전구는 동사 앞이나 뒤에 올 수있다
부역전구는 이동성이 있지만
다른 전치사구 안에는 못 들어가고 오직 형역전구만 다른전구 안에 들어간다
단 전치사구 안에 절이나 준동사구가 있다면 그 종속 동사나 준동사 수식으로 다른 부역전구가 쓰일 수 있다
전치사+명사+형절+부역전구 = 전치사구
즉 전치사의 목적이 명사이기에 그 명사를 수식하는 다른 형역전구를 가질 수 있으나
이 전구안에 동사는 없으니 부역전구는 들어가지 못한다는 전구상식
전치사+명사+형전구=전치사구
* 전치사가 명사와 결합하면 전치사사구가 되고
동사를 수식할 경우에는 그냥 부사역할이라 하는데
이는 부역전구가 동사의 일부가 되는게 아니고 동작을 첨가적으로 설명하는 역할이기에 그렇다
다만 동사 + 전치사 구조로 전체가 동사 역할일 경우만 동사구/구동사로 친다
3. 명사적인 역할
전치사구가 수식어 역할이 아닌 문장의 필수요소로 쓰여
주어, 보어, 간직목, 목적 또는 목보 자리에 쓰일 수 있다
Prepositional phrases of location and time most often perform nominal functions. Also note that, although grammatically possible, prepositional phrases infrequently function as subjects, subject complements, direct objects, object complements, indirect objects, and prepositional complements. The following sections discuss the six nominal functions of prepositions and include examples to illustrate use. 주로 시간이나 장소관련의 전치사구가 명사적인 역할을 한다
Subject 주어
Prepositional phrases first function as subjects. A subject is a word, phrase, or clause that performs the action of or acts upon the verb. The following italicized prepositional phrases are examples of subjects:
Behind the shed needs mowing.
Before ten is a bad time to call me.
Under the refrigerator is disgusting!
Subject Complement 주격보어
Prepositional phrases secondly function as subject complements. A subject complement is a word, phrase, or clause that follows a copular verb and describes the subject. The following italicized prepositional phrases are examples of subject complements:
The most magical time of night is after midnight.
The new museum display is out of this world.
My least favorite part of the workday is during the afternoon.
Direct Object 직목
Prepositional phrases thirdly function as direct objects. A direct object is a word, phrase, or clause that receives the action of a transitive verb. The following italicized prepositional phrases are examples of direct objects:
We must clean [under the bed].
My mother scrubbed [behind the freezer].
Dad will decorate [on top of the roof].
Note that prepositional phrases functioning as direct objects can sometimes also be analyzed as adverbials. For example, in the first sentence, We must clean under the bed, the prepositional phrase answers the questions both "what must we clean?" and "where must we clean?" Direct objects answer the question "what?" while adverbials can answer the question "where?" In the case of We must clean under the bed, the prepositional phrase under the bed is either a direct object or an adverbial depending on the particular analysis of the grammarian.
Object Complement 목보
Prepositional phrases fourthly function as object complements. An object complement is a word, phrase, or clause that follows and describes the direct object. The following italicized prepositional phrases are examples of object complements:
The tour guides announced [the most dangerous place to swim] [along the southern shore].
The reviewer named [the most organized classrooms] [in the English building].
I declare [my favorite time of the year] [during the fall].
Indirect Object 간목
Prepositional phrases fifthly function as indirect objects. An indirect object is a word, phrase, or clause that indicates to or for whom or what the action of a ditransitive verb is performed. The following italicized prepositional phrases are examples of indirect objects:
My mom gave behind the freezer a good scrubbing.
The decorator is giving inside the closet some serious consideration.
My brother should give under his bed some thought.
Instructions: Pick out the prepositional phrases in these sentences, identify what they tell us, and what they modify.
전치사구 부역/형역 찾아보기
답이 있다고 답 먼저 보지 말고 내 실력 평가겸 먼저 문제를 풀어 보고나서 잘 했나 못했나 보자
1. The boys searched the beach /for sand dollars.
2. The grass /behind the house and near the fence is dying.
3. A deep ditch was dug /near the boundary /of the factory.
4. A pretty girl /with brown hair and eyes sat /near me /at the banquet.
동사 뒤에 온 전구 두개중 /at the banquet 는 앞명사인 me 를 수식한다보이지만
장소관련 전구이니 동사인 sat 수식이 맞다 본다
연회 석상에 있는 나가 아니고 내 옆에 앉았다 또 연회 석상에 앉았다
즉 연회 석상에 앉았는데 내 옆 자리라는 뜻이라 본다
5. The three contestants listened /carefully /to each question.
Answers:
1. for sand dollars modifies "searched" telling why
2. behind the house / near the fence modify "grass" telling which
3. near the boundary modifies "was dug" telling where / of the factory modifies "boundary" telling which
4. with brown hair and eyes modifies "girl" telling what kind / near me / at the banquet modify "sat" telling where
5. to each question modifies "listened" telling how
Instructions: Pick out the prepositional phrases in these sentences, identify what they tell us, and what they modify.
1. The early settlers were very careless /of our forests.
2. We divided the candy /among the children /at the party.
3. I still live /in that stucco house /in the next block.
4. The rooms /of the house were dark and dreary.
5. The sound /of whispers came to us /through the window.
Answers:
1. of our forests modifies "careless" telling how
2.
among the children modifies "divided" telling how / at the party
modifies either "children" telling which or "divided" telling where
3. in that stucco house modifies "live" telling where / in the next block modifies "house" telling which
4. of the house modifies "rooms" telling which
5.
of whispers modifies "sound" telling what kind / to us modifies "came"
telling where / through the window modifies "came" telling how
Instructions: Pick out the prepositional phrases in these sentences, identify what they tell us, and what they modify.
1. The real owner /of the property is not available /for comment.
2. I have no time /for your excuses or delays.
3. The manager came /for the answer.
4. /In this century we are preserving our forests.
5. You will always be one /of my best friends.
Answers:
1. of the property modifies "owner" telling which / for comment modifies "available" telling how
2. for your excuses or delays modifies "time" telling what kind
3. for the answer modifies "came" telling why
4. in this century modifies "are preserving" telling when
5. of my best friends modifies "one" telling which
Instructions: Pick out the prepositional phrases in these sentences, identify what they tell us, and what they modify.
1. Do you have a reason /for your absence from class?
2. The veterans /from the war /in Spain remained loyal.
veterans /from the war
war /in Spain
3. The class was delighted /by the outcome of the story.
delighted /by the outcome
outcome of the story
4. Dozens /of stories /about heroes are in the school library.
Dozens /of stories
stories /about heroes
in the school library 보어
5. /In the afternoon Henrietta went /to the library.
went /In the afternoon 이동된 부역전구
went /to the library
Answers:
1. for your absence modifies "reason" telling what kind / from class modifies "absence" telling which
2. from the war modifies "veterans" telling which / in Spain modifies "war" telling which
3. by the outcome modifies "was delighted" telling how or why / of the story modifies "outcome" telling which
4.
of stories modifies "dozens" telling what kind / about heroes modifies
"stories" telling what kind / in the school library modifies "are"
telling where
5. in the afternoon modifies "went" telling when / to the library modifies "went" telling where
Instructions: Pick out the prepositional phrases in these sentences, identify what they tell us, and what they modify.
1. Yesterday many people /in Alaska suffered /from the heat.
people /in Alaska
suffered /from the heat
* 전치사가 명사와 결합하면 명사구가 되어 하나의 명사로 쓰이지만
동사를 수식할 경우에는 그냥 부사 역할이라 하고
동사 + 전치사로 동사 역할일 경우만 동사구/구동사로 친다
2. /During the morning the family drove /through the lovely mountains.
drove /through the lovely mountains
drove /During the morning
3. /At noon we ate our lunch /at the summit /with great excitement.
동사가 여러개의 부역전구 수식을 받는 경우이다
ate /at the summit
ate /with great excitement
ate /At noon
상기할 점은 전구가 비록 목적으로 쓰인 명사 뒤에 쓰였지만
의미상으로는 다 동사의 설명이라 부사 역할이 된다
4. Later our friends and we strolled /down the wooded path.
5. The giant hole in the mountain is an unusual monument of our past.
Answers:
1. in Alaska modifies "people" telling which / from the heat modifies "suffered" telling how
2. during the morning modifies "drove" telling when / through the lovely mountains modifies "drove" telling where
3.
at noon modifies "ate" telling when / at the summit modifies "ate"
telling where / with great excitement modifies "ate" telling how
4. down the wooded path modifies "strolled" telling where
5. in the mountain modifies "hole" telling what kind or which / of our past modifies "monument" telling what kind
Instructions: Pick out the prepositional phrases in these sentences, identify what they tell us, and what they modify.
1. The librarian took /from her desk [a new edition /of one of the classics].
took /from her desk 부역
[a new edition /of one of the classics] 형역
부역전구는 형역전구 안에 들어가지 못하므로
동사와 목적 사이에 들어 갔다
2. It was placed /in the display case /in the corner of the library.
placed /in the display case
case /in the corner of the library
3. Many books /of mysteries and detective stories are found /in the library.
books /of mysteries and detective stories
found /in the library
4. One story /about magic appears in our literature book.
story /about magic
appears in our literature boo
5. This story contains clues /to the solution /of the mystery.
clues /to the solution /of the mystery
to the solution /of the mystery
6. I have read many stories /by Arthur Conan Doyle /about Sherlock Holmes.
stories /by Arthur Conan Doyle
stories /about Sherlock Holmes
형역전구 둘다 한 명사 수식
7. A wall /of ancient Pompeii was discovered accidentally /by an ordinary peasant.
wall /of ancient Pompeii
discovered /accidentally /by an ordinary peasant
한단어로 된 부사가 먼저 쓰인다
Answers:
1.
from her desk modifies "took" telling where / of one modifies "edition"
telling which / of the classics modifies "one" telling what kind
2.
in the display case modifies "was placed" telling where / in the corner
modifies "case" telling which / of the library modifies "corner"
telling which
3. of mysteries and detective stories modifies "books" telling what kind / in the library modifies "are found" telling where
4. about magic modifies "story" telling what kind / in our literature book modifies "appears" telling where
5. to the solution modifies "clues" telling which / of the mystery modifies "solution" telling which
6. by Arthur Conan Doyle modifies "stories" telling which / about Sherlock Holmes modifies "stories" telling what kind
7. of ancient Pompeii modifies "wall" telling which / by an ordinary peasant modifies "was discovered" telling how
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE 전치사구 복습
Understand what prepositional phrases do in a sentence.
A prepositional phrase will function as an adjective or adverb.
전치사구는 형역과 부역 두개 역할이 있다
1. 형역 전구
As an adjective, the prepositional phrase will answer the question Which one?
형역은 어떤 명사인데? 하는 질문의 답이 된다
Read these examples:
The book on the bathroom floor is swollen from shower steam.
Which book? 어떤 책인데?
The one /on the bathroom floor! 욕실 바닥에 있는것
The sweet potatoes /in the vegetable bin are green /with mold.
Which sweet potatoes? The ones forgotten in the vegetable bin!
The note from Beverly confessed that she had eaten the leftover pizza.
Which note? The one from Beverly!
2. 부역전구
As an adverb, a prepositional phrase will answer questions such as How? When? or Where?
부역전구는 동작이 언제 어디서 어떻게 어떤 양태로 등등의 질문의 답이 된다
또한 형용사나 다른 부사 수식도 한다
Freddy is stiff /from yesterday's long football practice. 형용사 stiff 수식
How did Freddy get stiff? From yesterday's long football practice!
Before class, Josh begged his friends /for a pencil.
When did Josh do his begging? Before class!
Feeling brave, we tried the Dragon Breath Burritos at Tito's Taco Palace.
Where did we eat the spicy food? At Tito's Taco Palace!
A prepositional phrase at the beginning of a sentence constitutes an introductory modifier,
which is usually a signal for a comma.
However, unless an introductory prepositional phrase is unusually long, we seldom need to follow it with a comma.
문두에 나간 전치사는 콤마로 분리하나 그리 길지 않으면 종종 콤마를 쓰지 않는다
You may have learned that ending a sentence with a preposition is a serious breach of grammatical etiquette.
It doesn't take a grammarian to spot a sentence-ending preposition, so this is an easy rule to get caught up on (!).
Although
it is often easy to remedy the offending preposition, sometimes it
isn't, and repair efforts sometimes result in a clumsy sentence.
Based on shaky historical precedent, the rule itself is a latecomer to the rules of writing.
Those
who dislike the rule are fond of recalling Churchill's rejoinder:
<"That is nonsense up with which I shall not put." We should also
remember the child's complaint (attributed to E.B. White): "What did you
bring that book that I don't like to be read to out of up for?"
전치사가 문미에 오는걸 싫어하는 문법 학자들의 경향 때문에 전치사를 문장 앞으로 보내느라
형용사절 앞에 종절에 속한 전치사를 보내는 등 신경쓰는데
that절을 형절로 쓰면 전치사는 할 수 없이 문장 뒤에 남는다
이런 경우로 보아 전치사가 문미에 가는게 그리 비표준은 아니라는 얘기다
PP; prepositional phrase 전구
Today he and Jones spend their days/ in a home () they rent /just blocks from the one () he lost.
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문두에나 후미에 나온 전치사에 대한 forum 토론
How much does it retail for?
If I were to be picky, I would move the preposition.
The
only place it sounds correct is at the beginning of the sentence, but
this would mean a whole independent clause is the object of the
preposition…which cannot be right can it?
if you’re picky, say, “For how much does it retail?” But it sounds more natural as it is.
However,
moving 'for' doesn’t change anything. Since the sentence is a question,
it’s grammatically “It does retail for how much?” regardless of the
actual word order.
for 를 문두에 쓰든 문미에 쓰든 의미는 같다
What some people think of as harmless fun can result in lifelong consequences.
I
don’t think “For how much” would end up being an independent clause as
the object of the preposition. “how much” isn’t really an independent
clause.
If you HAD to avoid the preposition at the end, you could rephrase the sentence: “What is the retail price?”
전치사를 제거하면 의미가 달라진다
But what you brought up is really part of a more general issue.
Many
verbs get entirely different meanings with the addition of
prepositions. 전치사를 붙이면 동사의 의미가 달라질 수 있다
“Look up” does not mean the same thing as “look” - or
even “look at.”
That makes it hard to avoid saying “Here are all the words I have to look up.”
What else could be said? “Of all the words I have to look up, here they are.”
Not
only is that ridiculous in its own right, it doesn’t even really avoid
the problem, except as a technicality—adding some words after “look up”
so it’s technically not the very last part of the sentence.
That’s
just as shabby a solution as rephrasing the sentence to read, “Here are
all the words I have to look up for my assignment.”
This devious trick does not solve the problem (if there is one) so much as obfuscate it.
I think the so-called “rule” about ending a sentence with a preposition is just silly.
It must have begun as “style” advice—a way to prevent sentences from trickling out on a weak note.
Then for some reason, it became generalized as a law of prescriptive grammar.
전치사로 문장을 끝내면 않된다는 문법은 우스꽝스럽다 본다
The same trend is at work nowadays with the advice to avoid all forms of the verb “to be.”
If we’re not careful, the forms of “to be” could end up on the same “Bad List” as the word “me.”
There’s nothing wrong with “look up”—or “retail for,” for that matter.
Right. I think people should be mindful of the effect their words have on others.
If
one is liable to be judged on this usage by people who are not known to
know better, it might be expedient to avoid the issue.
An
application for the position of high school English teacher may not be
the appropriate soapbox for the demonstration of one’s maverick
grammatical theories—particularly if the educations and intelligence of
the School Board members may be doubted.
Anyway, I certainly doubt it.
Out of the many times// my friends and I tried it, I'd say (that) about 40 percent of the adults //we asked would go along.
I've seen the devastating effects that alcohol has had in many people's lives, including my own.
I'm not sure if it's that some adults these days are not well-informed /about the effects of alcohol /on the human body
If your conscience doesn't get to you, the law will.
형역 전치사구 예문
# Visitors/ from the Bizarro world arrived yesterday.
He saved me /from getting hit in the head by a basketball."
"A
young woman /with long hair and a short white halter dress walks
through the casino at the Riviera /in Las Vegas at one in the morning.
# The candles /on the handles /of my bicycle flickered.
# Last night I watched a YouTube video /about green kangaroos.
# The spaceship /from Pluto landed in the desert.
부역 전치사구 예문
The cat jumped and pounced.
(What did the cat jump off of? What did the cat pounce on?)
The cat jumped /off the stove and pounced /on the gerbil.
He saved me from getting hit in the head /by a basketball."(???)
# The students laughed /at the monkey on a scooter.
# The man tripped /over his own feet.
# Gus hid the candy bar /in a dirty sock.
# Sid sat /in a tub of Jell-O with his cat.
# The teacher spoke /to the principal /about a pay raise.
# The spaceship from Pluto landed /in the desert.
# Jenny stood /on the roof of the garage, raised her Super Soaker water gun, and aimed it /at her little brother below.
Building Sentences with Prepositional Phrases
전치사구로 잘 설명되는 문장을 만들기
Prepositional
phrases may do more than just add minor details to a sentence: they
may, in fact, be needed for a sentence to make sense. Consider the
vagueness of this sentence without prepositional phrases:
전치사구는 비필수 수식어 역할 이상으로 문장의 의미가 통하는데 필요한 요소이다
The workers gather a rich variety and distribute it. 중문으로 쓴 문장
Now see how the sentence comes into focus when we add prepositional phrases:
전치사구를 더하여 문장을 지세한 설명으로 해보자
From many sources, the workers at the Community Food Bank gather a rich variety of surplus and unsalable food and distribute it to soup kitchens, day-care centers, and homes for the elderly.
전치사구로 정보를 상세하게 묘사하여 독자로 상황을 더 자세히 이해할 수 있게 해 준다
Notice how these added prepositional phrases give us more information about certain nouns and verbs in the sentence:
* Which workers?
The workers /at the Community Food Bank.
* What did they gather?
A rich variety /of surplus and unsalable food.
* Where did they gather the food?
From many sources.
* Who did they distribute it to?
To soup kitchens, day-care centers, and homes for the elderly.
부역 전치사구는 위치를 변경할 수 있다
A prepositional phrase often appears after the word it modifies:
A spaceship from Venus landed in my back yard. 동사 뒤
However,
like adverbs, prepositional phrases that modify verbs can also be found
at the very beginning or very end of a sentence:
In the morning, the Venusians mowed my lawn. 문두에온 전구
The Venusians mowed my lawn in the morning.
In both versions, the prepositional phrase in the morning modifies the verb mowed.
전구 순서 바로 정렬하기; 양-장-빈-때-의
반드시는 아니지만 전치사구가 여럿 쓰이면
주로 양상, 장소, 빈도, 시간, 의도를 설명하는 전치사구/부사구 순서로 쓰인다
PRACTICE: Rearranging Prepositional Phrases
Break up the long string of phrases in the sentence below by creating two sentences.
Be sure to include all of the details contained in the original sentence.
Up and down the coast the line of the forest is drawn sharp and clean
in the brilliant colors of a wet blue morning in spring on the edge of a
seascape of surf and sky and rocks.
Eliminating Needless Modifiers 불필요한 전구 짜르기
We can improve our writing by using adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases that add to the meaning of sentences.
We can also improve our writing by eliminating modifiers that add nothing to the meaning.
A good writer does not waste words, so let's cut the clutter.
수식어를 많이 붙인다고 잘 쓴 글이 아니고 필요한 말만 잘 써야하니
좋은 작가들은 말을 아낀다
작문 4대 원칙; 간결, 함축, 명확, 논리
The following sentence is wordy because some of the modifiers are repetitious or insignificant:
너무 필요없이 말 많은거 정리하기
Wordy: The steward was really a very friendly and agreeable man, quite
round, rotund, and sleek, with a very costly set of dimples around his
terribly pleasant smile.
We can make this sentence more concise (and thus more effective) by cutting out the repetitious and overworked modifiers:
Revised: The steward was an agreeable man, rotund, and sleek, with a costly set of dimples around his smile.
(Lawrence Durrell, Bitter Lemons)
PRACTICE: Cutting the Clutter
쓸데없이 복잡하게 주렁주렁 달린 말들 잘라내기 연습
Make this sentence more concise by eliminating needless modifiers:
잘 쓴글의 성격의 하나인 concise 함축성으로 아래 글을 정리해 보자
It was a rainy morning, dull, wet, and gray, in the early part of the month of December.
위치가 잘못되어 헛갈리는 전치사구
we need to be careful not to confuse our readers by misplacing a prepositional phrase:
The Venusians swam for two hours after lunch /in my pool.
This arrangement gives the idea that the visitors from Venus enjoyed lunch in the pool. If this is not the case, shift the prepositional phrase:
전구의 위치 불량으로 물속에서 점심 먹었다 볼 수도 있다
After lunch, the Venusians swam for two hours in my pool.
전치사구가 너무 많아 헷갈리는 문장
Although
several prepositional phrases may appear in the same sentence, avoid
packing in so many phrases that you confuse the reader. The sentence
below, for example, is cluttered and awkward:
너무 많은 전구를 써서 문장은 혼란스럽게 하면 좋지않다
On a rickety stool in one corner of the crowded honky tonk, the folk
singer sits playing lonesome songs on his battered old guitar about warm
beer, cold women, and long nights on the road.
In this case, the best way to break up the string of phrases is to make two sentences:
On a rickety stool in one corner of the crowded honky tonk, the folk
singer sits hunched over his battered old guitar. He plays lonesome
songs about warm beer, cold women, and long nights on the road.
A long sentence is not necessarily an effective sentence.
문장이 길다고 해서 잘 쓴글은 아니다
* Adding Prepositional Phrases to the Basic Sentence Unit
* What Is Sentence Combining and How Does It Work?
After
you have completed the exercise, compare your new sentences with the
original sentences on page two. Keep in mind that many combinations are
possible, and in some cases you may prefer your own sentences to the
original versions.
여러 문장을 하나로 함축해 보기
길다란 절을 전치사구로 간단히 쓸 수 있어서 글의 생명인 concise 함축성을 기할 수 있다
허나 전치사구는 다른 형역/부역하는 준동사구와 달리 동사가 없기 때문에
우리말 습관상 동사를 형용사화해서 쓰는 습관상 동사 부재의 전치사구는
쉽게 나올 수 없는 문제가 있기에
우리가 잘 활용하지 못하는 구 이므로
잘 살펴보아 유용하게 사용할 수 있도록 하자
예를 들어 a boy from the store 하면 우리는 가게에서 온 소년이라하여 '온' 이란 말이 들어가니
a boy who came from the store 라는 형절을 쓴 문장은 쉽게 나오나
a boy from the store 는 잘 나오지 못한다
1. A mouse darted.
It darted across the salad bar.
This happened during the luncheon.
# During the luncheon, a mouse darted across the salad bar.
2. We traveled this summer.
We traveled by train.
We traveled from Biloxi.
We traveled to Dubuque.
# This summer we traveled by train from Biloxi to Dubuque.
3. The convertible swerved, crashed, and caromed.
It swerved off the road.
It crashed through the guardrail.
It caromed off a maple tree.
# The convertible swerved off the road, crashed through the guardrail, and caromed off a maple tree.
4. Mick planted seeds.
He planted them in his garden.
He did this after the quarrel.
The quarrel was with Mr. Jimmy.
# After his quarrel with Mr. Jimmy, Mick planted seeds in his garden.
5. Grandpa dropped his teeth.
His teeth were false.
His teeth dropped into a glass.
There was prune juice in the glass.
# Grandpa dropped his false teeth into a glass of prune juice.
6. Lucy played.
She was behind the sofa.
She was with her friend.
Her friend was imaginary.
They played for hours.
# Lucy played behind the couch for hours with her imaginary friend.
7. There was a man.
He wore a chicken costume.
He dashed across the field.
He did this before the ballgame.
The ballgame was on Sunday afternoon.
# Before the ballgame on Sunday afternoon, a man in a chicken costume dashed across the field.
8. A man stood, looking down.
He stood upon a railroad bridge.
The bridge was in northern Alabama.
He was looking down into the water.
The water was twenty feet below.
The water was swift.
# A man stood upon a railroad bridge in northern Alabama, looking down into the swift waters twenty feet below.
9. The gray-flannel fog closed off the Salinas Valley.
It was the fog of winter.
The fog was high.
The Salinas Valley was closed off from the sky.
And the Salinas Valley was closed off from all the rest of the world.
# The high gray-flannel fog of winter closed off the Salinas Valley from the sky and from all the rest of the world.
10. I climbed to my perch.
I did this one night.
The night was hot.
The night was in the summer.
The night was in 1949.
It was my usual perch.
My perch was in the press box.
The press box was cramped.
The press box was above the stands.
The stands were wooden.
These were the stands of the baseball park.
The baseball park was in Lumberton, North Carolina.
#
One hot night in the summer of 1949, I climbed to my usual perch in the
cramped press box above the wooden stands of the baseball park in
Lumberton, North Carolina.
(Tom Wicker, "Baseball")
전치사구를 잘 쓰면 문장이 간략해져 상쾌하게 된다!
전치사화된 분사
분사로 보이나 전치사의 의미로 쓰이는 소위 분사-전치사 종류
The frequently used Participle Prepositions are :
Barring Considering During Following Given Gone Including Notwithstanding Pending
Regarding Accepting Concerning Counting Excepting Excluding Failing Respecting Saving Touching
http://www.english-for-students.com/Participle-Prepositions.html
http://www.english-for-students.com/Participle-Prepositions.html