'recommend'의 용법

[만다린]

Tess of the d'Urbervilles; chapter 16, 5th paragraph

위 문장에서 'at a cottage to which the farmer recommended her'가 현대 어법에 맞지 않다. 고쳐 쓰면 'at a cottage that (which) the farmer recommended to her'가 된다.

소설의 문장을 풀어쓰면 'the farmer recommended her to a cottage' 이며 의미는 '농부가 오두막에게 테스를 권했다 (칭찬했다)'가 된다.

여러 경로로 알아보니 Tess of the d'Urbervilles가 써진 1891년 당시에는 'recommend'를 소설에 나온 방식으로 썼다고 한다.

요즘에는 ' recommend somebody to do something'  'recommend something to somebody'  'recommend something to somebody'  'recommend something for something/somebody'  'recommend somebody for something' 이렇게 쓴다.

내가 甲乭에게 무엇(something)을 권하다 I recommend something to 甲乭.

테스의 방식으로는 I recommend 甲乭 to something.

참고로 예전 18, 19세기 영어사전을 찾아본다.

Samuel Johnson's - A Dictionary of the English Language, 3rd editon, 1765

https://books.google.co.kr/books?id=03Q7AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=ko&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=recommend&f=false

RECOMMEND, v.

1. To praise to another

2. To make acceptable

3. To commit with prayers

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Webster's Dictionary, 1828

http://webstersdictionary1828.com/Dictionary/recommend

RECOMMEND', verb transitive [re and commend.]

1. To praise to another; to offer or commend to another's notice, confidence or kindness by favorable representations. Maecenas recommended Virgil and Horace to Augustus. [In this sense, commend, though less common, is the preferable word.]

2. To make acceptable. A decent boldness ever meets with friends, succeeds, and ev'n a stranger recommends.

3. To commit with prayers. Paul chose Silas and departed, being recommended by the brethren to the grace of God. <Acts 15:40>

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Oxford Dictionary 현대사전

https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/recommend

1   Put forward (someone or something) with approval as being suitable for a particular purpose or

     role.

     ‘George had recommended some local architects’

     ‘a book I recommended to a friend of mine’

    1.1   Advise or suggest (something) as a course of action.

           ‘some doctors recommend putting a board under the mattress’ [with clause]

           ‘the report recommended that criminal charges be brought’

   1.2    [with object and infinitive] Advise (someone) to do something.

            ‘you are strongly recommended to seek professional advice’

   1.3    Make (someone or something) appealing or desirable.

            ‘the house had much to recommend it’

2   (recommend someone/something to) archaic Commend or entrust someone or something to

     (someone)

     ‘I devoutly recommended my spirit to its maker’ 

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Tess of the d'Urbervilles, Chapter 16, 5th paragraph Tess did not stop at Weatherbury, after this long drive, further than to make a slight nondescript meal at noon at a cottage to which the farmer recommended her.

긴 여행 끝이었지만 테스는 점심때쯤 농부가 권하는 농가에서 간단하게 아무렇게나 요기를 했을 뿐 웨더베리에 머무르지는 않았다.

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2019.03.01. 00:50 등록 ell.stackexchange English Language Learners

https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/198560/thomas-hardys-tess-use-of-the-word-recommend tag: word-usage

Thomas Hardy's Tess (use of the word 'recommend') In Thomas Hardy's Tess of the d'Urbervilles (chapter 16, 5th paragraph): Tess did not stop at Weatherbury, after this long drive, further than to make a slight nondescript meal at noon at a cottage to which the farmer recommended her. The phrase 'at a cottage to which the farmer recommended her' seems a bit strange. Does it pass for standard English? Shouldn't it be rewritten as 'at a cottage that the farmer recommended to her'?

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20190301 02:00 a cottage to which the farmer recommended her implies the farmer recommended her to a cottage. This use of the preposition to is less common today, when we'd usually reverse the sequence into the farmer recommended a cottage to her. But I don't think it was unusual when Hardy wrote it. There's some similarity to He introduced science to me, which I think was once at least "acceptable", but nowadays we'd invariably say He introduced me to science. – FumbleFingers 43 mins ago

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You're reading a book from 1891. Patterns of English usage have changed. Recommend now consistently is used in this sort of pattern: A recommended B to C. The word order can change, for instance to make it passive: B was recommended to C by A. or: C had B recommended to them by A. In all cases, modern usage has it that A is telling C that B is good, or appropriate, or whatever. However, there are older usages. It can mean committing or guiding someone, as in "commending someone to the monastery". I wouldn't want to commit to exactly what Hardy meant by this, but the general gist is clear, and almost certainly consistent with reasonably contemporary usage - the farmer caused her to go to the cottage by some means. answered 59 mins ago SamBC

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Seems like completely standard English to me, albeit very formal in a modern context. It reads like a classic case of avoiding a sentence with a preposition, although I'll give Hardy a pass on being a pedant: "at a cottage a farmer recommended her to". I still feel the farmer is recommending in the modern sense, and you can recommend a person to a thing, or recommend a thing to a person, and it means the same thing. Or am I missing something? – fred2 44 mins ago

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Re wouldn't want to commit to exactly what Hardy meant, I think we can be quite certain Hardy didn't mean that the farmer had previously contacted the people at the college to tell them they should be welcoming to Tess, which would be our default reading of the syntax today. The usage here is effectively "outdated", but I think there's no doubt it means what we'd phrase today by reversing the direct and indirect objects - the farmer recommended the cottage to Tess, not ...Tess to the cottage. – FumbleFingers 41 mins ago

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20190301 10:00 @FumbleFingers: That's my personal feeling, but I recognise from the archaic usages of it that I've found described that it could mean the farmer brought her into the cottage (with a possible implication of shutting the door behind her, compelling her to stay or breach good manners). It just being an inversion of direct and indirect object seems more likely, by far. – SamBC 7 hours ago ---------------------------------------------------------

@fred2: I think today at least you can only recommend [endorsed thing] TO [person who would benefit from said thing], not the other way around. And if we unpack the slightly convoluted syntax of Hardy's text, it does seem to be that "inverted" usage. But I wouldn't dream of suggesting Hardy didn't know how to use his own language correctly, so I'm forced to suppose there was some flexibility in this area back then. That's even though I've just spend a couple of minutes searching Google Books for similar usages pre-1900, and been unable to find any. – FumbleFingers 7 hours ago 

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@Fumblefingers - I bow to your judgement. ;-) – fred2 6 hours ago Of course, it's hard to do a really exhaustive search for that, because there's no way to phrase it as a search that will only find the sort of usage you want. Otherwise you're just searching, reading them all, not sure if you're looking for a needle in a haystack or looking for a cat that isn't there. – SamBC 2 hours ago

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