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When the participle of an absolute phrase is a form of to be, such as being or having been,
the participle is often left out but understood.
종종 생략되는 분사; being/having been
* the participle of an absolute phrase 에서 독립명사구에 속한 분사라 했으니 독립분사구는 아닌게 확실하다
The season over, they were mobbed by fans in Times Square.
Stars all their adult lives, they seemed used to the attention.
분사를 빼 버렸는데도 이걸 여전히 독립분사구라고 할 것인가?
아니면 분사 생략을 강력히 거부할 것인가?
Another kind of absolute phrase is found after a
modified noun; it adds a focusing detail or point of focus to the idea
of the main clause.
This kind of absolute phrase can take the form of a prepositional phrase, an adjective phrase, or a noun phrase.
명사구라는 말은 있어도 분사구라는 말은 없다
(being) alert~ 현분사구나 sweat-streaked and smudged~ 라는 과분사구가 있는데도 말이다
It is not unusual for the information supplied in
the absolute phrase to be the most important element in the sentence.
In fact, in descriptive prose, the telling details will often be wrapped into a sentence in the form of an absolute phrase:
A noun phrase can also exist as an absolute phrase:
독립구로 명사구는 쓰일 수 있다
It might be useful to review the material on Misplaced Modifiers
because it is important not to confuse an absolute phrase with a misplaced modifier.
California State University Long Beach
http://www.cla.csulb.edu/departments/english/wrl/handouts/phrases/
An absolute phrase most often contains a noun or pronoun, a participle, and modifiers; however, rather than modifying one element of a sentence, absolute phrases modify the entire sentence. You’ll notice that absolute phrases usually have a subject but no verb. You can think of absolutes as “almost sentences” because adding “was” or “were” to most of them creates an independent clause. A second way to identify an absolute phrase is to look for a possessive pronoun (my, his, her, its, our, their) at the beginning of the phrase.
절대구는 명사나 대명사 분사나 다른 수식어를 포함한다
절대구에 포함된 분사라 독립된 분사는 아니니 독립분사구 명칭은 어불성설이다
Examples:
In the first sentence, the absolute phrase modifies the entire independent clause Alex earned an A in the class.
Likewise, the absolute phrase in the second example also modifies the entire independent clause rather than one single element of it.
https://magoosh.com/gmat/2013/absolute-phrases-on-the-gmat/
An absolute phrase has the form [noun] + [noun modifier].
It
stands apart from the main clause of a sentence and modifies this main
clause in some way.
절대구는 명사 + 명사 수식어로 구성된다에 분사구는 수식어에 속하므로
명사 수식어를 명사구에서 독립되었다 한다면 상식에 벗어난 상상독립이 아닌가?
Examples include:
3) Babe Ruth leads all major league baseball players in career slugging percentages, Ted Williams and Ty Cobb having been better hitters for average than for power.
4) Virginia Woolf refused to publish the novel Ulysses through her own Hogarth Press, a slight that Joyce never forgave.
5) On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther nailed his famous 95 Theses to the door of the castle-church in Wittenburg, this flashpoint igniting a Reformation that would transform religion in the Western World.
6) Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II famously criticized the opera The Marriage of Figaro for having “too many notes”, a slight that, in the eyes of subsequent generations, reveals how little he appreciated the full range of Mozart‘s genius.
In those four, the underlined phrase is the absolute phrase.
In #3 & #5, the form is [noun] + [participial phrase],
and in #4 & #6, the form [noun] + [“that” clause].
In all four cases, the absolute phrase modifies or comments on the action at the center of the independent clause.
absolute phrase = [noun] + [participial phrase] = noun phrase
This grammatical form is rare, and it will not appear with tremendous
frequency on the GMAT Sentence Correction.
Nevertheless, it is 100%
correct and, in fact, typical of formal writing, which makes it perfect
for the GMAT.
Learn to recognize this grammatical pattern —– you will
find it in more high-brow reading.
In a GMAT Sentence Correction question in which none of the answers
seems to form a proper phrase or clause,
it may be that an absolute
phrase is lurking among the choices.
Definition for absolute phrase
https://www.thoughtco.com/absolute-phrase-grammar-1689049
An absolute phrase is a group of words that modifies an independent clause as a whole.
An absolute is made up of a noun and its modifiers (which frequently, but not always, include a participle or participial phrase).
An absolute may precede, follow, or interrupt the main clause: 절대구는 문두, 문중, 문미 어디나 쓰일 수 있다
Their slender bodies sleek and black against the orange sky, the storks circled high above us.
The storks circled high above us, their slender bodies sleek and black against the orange sky.
The storks, their slender bodies sleek and black against the orange sky, circled high above us.
An absolute allows us to move from a description of a whole person, place, or thing to one aspect or part.
(See Martha J. Kolln's "Two Styles of Absolute Phrases" in Examples and Observations below.)
절대구는 사람이나 장소 또는 물건 전체 중의 한 부분의 양상을 설명하는 역할이다
Note that in traditional grammar, absolutes (or nominative absolutes) are often more narrowly defined as "noun phrases . . . combined with participles"
절대구는 명사구로 정의된다
(Macmillan Teach Yourself Grammar and Style in Twenty Four Hours, 2000). The term absolute (borrowed from Latin grammar)
is rarely used by contemporary linguists.
현대 영문학자들은 별로 쓰지 않는게 absolute phrase 절대구라니 이쯤해서 그만두자 하나
독립분사구문이란 명칭은 오칭에 오명 그리고 한국 영문학계의 수치라는 점은 여전히 진행형이다 하겠는건
유명하신 강사님들도 얼굴색 하나 않 변하고 명사구를 분사구다 하시는걸 보고 듣기 때문이고
하긴 한글순화도 잘 않되는 판국인데 영어는 잘 되랴???
http://maggot.prhouse.net/2221
고수부지(高水-敷地, -しきち)
국적불명의 조어이다. 직역하면 높은 물(큰물 즉 홍수)의 고수와 빈 땅을 가리키는 일본말 부지를 합하여 나온 말이다. 고수부지가
맞지않으니 둔치로 바꾸자고 하여 둔치와 고수부지가 혼재되어 사용되었다. 한데 둔치는 명확한 의미에서 고수부지의 대체어가 될 수
없다. 가리키는 의미가 다르기 때문이다...
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