스크랩 ‘세상을 바꾼 100장의 사진들’

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‘세상을 바꾼 100장의 사진들’    2012/01/06 13:18	추천 7    스크랩  15
http://blog.chosun.com/dudmie/6119279
LIFE 100 Photographs THAT CHANGED THE WORLD ‘세상을 바꾼 100장의 사진들’. Baltimore county에 있는 Cockeysville 공립 도서관에서 빌려 단숨에 읽었다. 176쪽. 2003년에 초판이, 작년에 개정판이 나왔다. 서문과 7장으로 이뤄졌지만, 큰 주제는 ‘The Arts’와 ‘Society’, ‘War & Peace’, 그리고 ‘Science & Nature’ 등 4가지다. ‘세상을 바꾼’이라는 부제를 붙였지만, 그 ‘세상’이라는 곳이 상당 부분 ‘미국’에 한정됐다는 사실이 조금은 아쉽다. 극단적인 이념과 지향, 잔인한 사회적 광기 앞에 부서져간 수많은 삶의 모습들이 모노크롬 톤으로 건조하게 이어진다. 지난 세기를 압축한 다큐멘터리를 보는 듯 하다. 펜과 사진. 기록의 형식과 방법은 다르지만 역사 속의 한 순간을 포착해 영원히 남긴다는 것의 지엄함에 대해 다시 한 번 생각하는 시간이 됐다. Gordon Parks가 쓴 ‘This Rare Collection: An essay, poetry and pictures’란 제목의 글이 책 서두에 나와 있다. 음미할 부분이 많다. 2006년 93세를 일기로 타계한 Parks는 “포연과 테러리스트들의 유혈로 몸부림치는 세상이지만 카메라는 희망을 찾아 우리의 인생을 관찰해 왔다”고 했다. 외면하고 싶은 참상, 잊고 싶은 역사적 현실을 기록하는 사진의 임무가 어떤 변화를 이뤄내 결국 더 나은 내일을 오게 한다는 믿음을 얘기했다. 아래는 그의 글 중 일부다. 사진집 작품 중 기억에 남는 몇 장도 함께 올린다. “Without doubt, words have helped influence universal thought and action... a glance back to the words in the Bible, the Koran, the Magna Carta or the Declaration of Independence instantly proves the point. Sculptures and painters, with their particular poetry, have also established new attitudes down through the years. But I have come to believe that no art form transforms human apathy quicker than that of photography. Having absorbed the message of a memorable photograph, the viewer’s sense of compassion and newfound wisdom come together like two lips touching. And it is an extraordinary thing when an unforgettable photograph propels you from an evil interlude to the conviction that there must come a better day.” “When scanning the pages ahead, one should not grow tired of witnessing these things- corpses stacked, awaiting the fire of a Holocaust oven; two young black lynch victims, dead before a cheerful white mob; a Viet Cong guerrilla, his eyes tightly shut, grimacing as a policeman fires a bullet into his head- for that is the photographer’s charge to us, that we never forget. Recalling such a shocking tragedies makes our thoughts burn as if doused with oil, and we no longer walk around forgetful. We remember the black hours with fury and shame, and we are changed. The cameras keep watch us mankind goes on filling the universe with its behavior, and that change us.” “You might say the world still suffers gunfire and terrorist bloodletting, that there is still smoke everywhere. But take another glance at these photographs. The cameras have observed our lives in order to get us to tomorrow. The cameras have observed our lives in search of hope. Photography, as it appears is this memorable collection, nourishes hope. Without hope, contentment is impossible in our world.”                             *                         *                         *                         <<‘Society’>> == 아동 노동의 비참한 현실을 고발하다    Breaker Boys(1910), photograph by Lewis W. Hine What Charles Dickens did with words for the underage toilers of London, Lewis Hine did with photographs for the youthful laborers in the United States. In 1908 the National Child Labor Committee was already campainging to put the nation’s two million young workers back in school when the group hired Hine. The Wisconsin native traveled to half the state, capturing images of children working in mines, mills and on the streets. Here he has photographed “breaker boys,” whose job was to separate coal from slate, in South Pittston, Pa. Once again, pictures swayed the public in a way cold statistics had not, and the country enacted laws banning child labor. == 공장 문이 잠긴 순간, 그들의 운명도...         Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire(1911), photograph by Brown Brothers The Triangle Shirtwaist Company always kept its doors locked to ensure that the young immigrant women stayed stooped over their machines and didn’t steal anything. When a fire broke out on Sunday, March 25, 1911, on the eighth floor of the New York City Factory, the locks sealed the workers’ fate. In just 30 minutes, 146 were killed. Witnesses thought the owner were tossing their best fabric out the window to save it, then realized workers were jumping, sometimes after sharing a kiss (the scene can be viewed now as an eerie precursor to the World Trade Center events of September, 11, 2001, only a mile and a half south). The Triangle disaster spurred a national crusade for workplace safety. ==  正義란 무엇인가... 狂氣의 끝은      Lynching(1930), photograph by Lawrence Beitler A mob of 10,000 whites took sledgehammers to the county jailhouse doors to get at these two young blacks accused of raping a white girl; the girl’s uncle saved the life of a third by proclaiming the man’s innocence. Although this was Marion, Ind., most of the nearly 5,000 lynchings documented between Reconstruction and the late 1960s were perpetrated in the South. (Hangings, beatings and mutilations were called the sentence of “Judge Lynch”) Some lynching photos were made into postcards designed to boost white supremacy, but the tortured bodies and grotesquely happy crowds ended up revolting as many as scared. Today the images remind us that we have not come as far from barbarity as we’d lile to think. == 그녀가 26.2 마일을 달린 까닭은    The Boston Marathon(1967), photograph from AP Twenty-year-old Kathy Switzer crashes the men-only 1967 Boston Marathon, and the race official Jock Semple tries to run her off the course- then promptly gets bounced for his trouble by Switzer’s boyfriend, Tom Miller. The photos ran worldwide, along with the news that Switzer finished the 26.2-mile race. Women kept the heat on in Boston, and five years later they were allowed to compete. In 1984 the women’s Olympic marathon debuted in Los Angeles. == 다름, 차별, 집단 따돌림...     Jackson, Mississippi(1963), photograph by Fred Blackwell Traditions, rules, laws; Like everywhere else, the American South had its own. But in most other places on May 28, 1963, the law did not exclude black people from drinking the same water, using same seat, sleeping in the same hotel. Nor did it exclude blacks from sitting at a lunch counter, like the one at Woolworth’s in downtown Jackson, Miss. The positive message that some people were able to draw from this unspeakable moment is that two white kids had the decency to help a fellow human endure the taunt of a mob. == 內戰.. 희망을 말하기엔 너무도 비참한     Biafra(1969), photograph by Don McCullin When the Igbos of eastern Nigeria declared themselves independent in 1967, Nigeria blockaded their pledging country- Biafra. In three years of war, more than one million people were died, mainly of hunger. In famine, children who lack often get get the disease kwashiorkor, which cause their mustles to waste away and their belly protrude. War photographer Don McCullin drew attention to the tragedy. “I was devastated by the sight of 900 children living in one camp in utter squalor at the point of death.” he said. “I lost all interest in photograping soldiers in action.” The world community intervened to help Biafra, and learned key lessons about dealing with massive hunger exacerbated by war- a problem that still defies simple solution. == 세상을 울린 아이의 손    Uganda(1980), photograph by Mike Wells Nearly the entire Horn of Africa was parched by drought in 1980. Ethiopia, Djibouti, Eritrea, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda were all in trouble. In Uganda alone, a half million people were affected, including most newborn and many young children. Those who managed to survive barely looked human, with withered, discolored skin. They face a life of developmental problems. Pictures like this one, of a priest holding the hand of starving child, moved the United Nations and private groups to send food to the suffering Africans.  == 아, 미나마타... Minamata(1971), photograph by W. Eugene Smith In the 1950s and ’60s, Japanese living in the coastal fishing village of Minamata complained of itaiitabyo(“ouch ouch disease”), which is marked by tremors and bad sight and hearing. Later the cause emerged: Chisso, a chemical company, was dumping mercury in the water. Fish and shrimp formed a large part of local diet, and many villagers were suffering or dying. Tomoko Uemura, seen here in 1971 being bathed by her mother, was poisoned in the womb and born blind, mute and with mangled limbs. W. Eugene Smith’s famous Tomoko Uemura in her Bath gave a face to the effects of industrial mercury poisoning and led to the company‘s allocating funds for the victims. == 테러 앞에 스러진 366일 어린 생명    Oklahoma City(1995), photograph by Charles Porter IV One of the blackest moment in American history came when a terrorist bomb destroyed the federal building in Oklahoma City at 9:02 a.m. on April 19, 1995. Of the 168 people killed, 19 were children. That the innocent were slain by their countryman made it all more unbearable. In this Pulitzer Prize-winning photo, firefighter Chris Fields holds one little victim, Baylee Almon, who the day before had celebrated her first birthday. the man who took the picture was a utility worker. Because he was on company time, and using a company camera, ownership was initially disputed. == "How bad it was toward the end"    David Kirby(1990), photograph by Therese Frare When LIFE ran this photo of AIDS activist Kirby, visited at his deathbed by family members, the magazine was credited with destigmatizing a plague. Kirby’s father, William, was impressed by the reaction to the picture- “Nobody had ever seen, publicly, how bad it was toward the end”- and the family subsequently allowed the Italian clothing company Benetton to use the image in an ad. Designer Tibor Kalman colorized Frare’s photograph, and the company said that the intent of its stylized presentation was to force the world to think about the epidemic. But whereas LIFE had been applauded for humanizing AIDS, Benetton was criticized in many corners for exploiting mysery for commercial gain. == 가슴 한 쪽을 잃고 戰士가 되다     Breast Cancer(1993), photograph by Matuschka The artist Matuschka was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1991. Only after surgery did she learn her mastectomy was unnecessary. “So I lost a breast, and the world gained an activist,” she said. This jarring self-portrait appeared on a 1993 New York Times Magazine cover along with the words, “You Can’t Look Away Anymore.” A gauntlet had been cast, and the action created precisely the desired effect. Said one advocate for the cause: “Her cover did more for Breast Cancer than anyone else in the last 25 years.”                     <<‘War & Peace’>> == 피의 토요일    Shanghai Bombed(1937), photograph by H.S. Wong Japan launched its bid to annex China in July 1937, following years of planning. The bombing of Shanghai on August 14, “Bloody Saturday,” was appalling in the price paid by helpless civilians. The photo of this child deserted at the train station jarred its beholders, and with the Rape of Nanking four months later- a barbaric massacre of as many as 300,000 Chinese- the image of the quiet, tea-drinking Japanese was forever altered. It was later learned that the photographer may have staged the train station picture, but the damage, in every sense, had been done. This early awarness of Japanese war atrocities helped fuel the subsequent American revulsion at- and response to- the attack on Pearl Harbor. == '가장 길었던 하루'의 시작     Omaha Beach, D-Day(1944), photograph by Robert Capa Robert Capa, who once famously observed that “If your pictures aren’t good enough, you’re not close enough,” was on the shore with the first wave on D-Day, working for LIFE. He shot four rolls of soldiers slogging onto Omaha Beach, storming the cliffs, hunkering down. Then, a photo assistant in London ruined all but a dozen images. Their grainly, shell-shocked feel defined the tension and texture of the Longest Day. Years later, they informed the look of Steven Spielberg’s Saving private Ryan. == 독재자의 최후    Benito Mussolini(1945), photograph by 12th Combat Camera Crew He was the man who made the train run on time, but over time, he wore out his welcome. One of the most charismatic leaders of the century, he rose from rather humble beginnings to become in 1922 the youngest prime minister(he was 39) in Italian history. Hitler quite admired him but proved his undoing when Il Duce saw the spoils accruing to Hitler and caught the fever: In 1940 he dragged his totally unprepared nation into WWII. Fascism would become a dirty word in Italy, and the man who sought to be the next Caesar was caught trying to flee the country in a German greatcoat. He, his mistress Claretta Petacci and others were shot dead and hanged from the heels in Milan’s Piazza Loreto. A radio broadcast from the scene: “It is interesting to see the hate, the fury... They want the bodies to stay there for six months... This is a good example.” == 잊지 않으려 기록한다    Buchenwald(1945), photograph by Margaret Bourke-White   LIFE photographer Margaret Bourke-White was with Gen. George Patton’s troops when they liberated the Buchenwald concentration camps. Forty-three thousand people had been murdered there. Patton was so outraged he ordered his men to march German civilians through the camp so that they could see with their own eyes what their own nation had wrought. Bourke-White’s pictures carried the horrible images to the world. In America, the pictures proved that reports of the Nazi’s methodical extermination of the Jews were true, and the country began a long process of rethinking its behavior, such as the decision not to bomb the camps. == 나트랑發 마지막 비행기를 잡아라    Vietnam(1975), photograph by Thai Khac Chuong President Richard Nixon talked of getting out of Vietnam, but carefully used the phrase “peace with honor.” By April 1975, however, it was apparent that South Vietnam was about to fall, and emergency evacuation plans were into action. Dignity was scrapped as Americans (and a small number of South Vietnamese) fought to get aboard the last transit out. Here U.S. pilot Robert Hendrix punches a South Vietnamese army deserter trying to force his way onto a DC-6 departing Nha Trang. In the U.S., images such as these said: America, previously invincible, has lost a war and is sneaking out of town.

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