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This nonexperimental deseripive study used triangulation of quantitative and qualitative,
interventions,and attitudes of nurses in the United States. Researchers used a national random
sample of 1000 members of the Nursing Honor Society Sigma Theta Tau International(STTl) with permission. Following the  criteria for  honor society membership, all nurses had achieved the minimum of a BS degree. The study criteria were a national random sample of 1000 nurses to be
drawn from the pool of medical-surgical nurses who were STTI members.
There were no limitations regarding age, gender, race, or religious affiliation. Reserchers obtained
Institutional Review Board approval. Return of a completed survey implied consent to participate.
We obtained quantitative date from the nurses' responses on a demographic date form, and on 2
questionnaires on spirituality: (1) Reed's(1992) Spiritual Perspective Scale(SPS), and(2) Highfield's
(1992) Nurses' Spiritual Care Perspectives Scale(NSCPS).
Reed's(1992) SPSS is described. The quantitative part of the SPS is a 10-item questionnaire that a
6-point Likert-type scale to measure one's spiritual perspective. The SPS tool measure an individual's spiritual perspective to the degree that spirityality permeates one's life and how one
engages in spiritually related interactions. Reed reported the Chronbach's alpha coefficient of  .90 by comparing an arithmetic mean of the responses. Scores range from a 1 (low spiritual perspective) to 6 (high spiritual perspective). The quantitative part of Reed's survey tool asks the following question:
 "Do you have any views about the importance or meaning of spirituality in your life that have not
been addressed by the previous questions?"With an overall response rateof 404.n=40.4%. there were
no sigificant qualitative date findigs from the SPS. Highfied's (1992) NSCPS survey tool is described.
part 1 of the NSCPS is a 12-statement questionnaire that uses a 4-pont Likert scale to measure spiritual practices and interventions. Part 2 is a 13-statement questionnaire that uses a 5-point
Likert-type scale to measure attitudes about providing spiritual care. A mean score is tabulated for each item. Reliability and validity coefficients  for the NSCPS were not available.
The date presented for in this article were elidited from the qualitative component of the NSCPS, which asked
the following question:"Can you list other spiritual care activities or interventions that you have found helpful in your practice?"
A 4-point Likert-type scale is used to score the frequency of these activities and
interventions:rarely or never = 1;occasionally or sometimes = 2;often=3;and very often/always=4.
One hundred ninety-four nurses responded to the qualitative question on the Highfield tool.
Eighty-seven nurses(n=87,18%)reported using prayer as a spiritual activity for professional
performance enhancement, assigning either 3, or 4 for their response.
 The researchers used qualitative date analusis methods of constant comparison of the conceptual
linkages, theme identification, theme reduction, and theme validation.
They coded the date by extracting verbatim phrases, which were the nurses' responses to the
qualitative question that described their spiritual activities.  They analyzed and grouped date for
prttern recognition of spiritual activities. All researchers presented their findings to the research
committee. They achieved interrater reliabiliy of confirmation. Researchers obtained interrater
reliability by computing the number of member agreements divided by the number of agreements plus
disagreements for a coefficient of 0.875. For example, 7 of the 8 researchers comprised the Research Committee of the
Mu Upsilon STTI chapter conducting the study, experts on the topic of spirituality and experiencde with the research
methods. This article's authors are members of this committe.

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