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안녕하세요, 헤럴드 밴쿠버 다운타운, Charlie 입니다.
아이엘츠 라이팅 수업을 하면서 회원님들과 예술가와 과학자의 사회적 지위에 대한 Discussion을 하던 중, 문득 줄기세포 연구로 주목받았던 황우석 박사가 생각나서 언급을 해드리고 간략히 설명을 드렸지요.
집에 가서 관련 내용을 찾아보다가 넷플릭스 '킹 오브 클론:황우석 박사의 몰락' 이라는 쇼가 있다는 걸 알게 되었어요. 관련 기사내용을 영어로 번역했 보았습니다.
번역하면서 작문을 하는 과정과 각 문장을 분석을 해드리면 좋겠다는 생각이 번쩍 들어서 얼른 컴퓨터 앞에 앉았습니다.
원문 기사는 https://www.hankyung.com/article/2023071045747
“논문 조작으로 몰락한 황우석…"내 보스는 만수르" 근황 공개” → 김소연 한경닷컴 기자
Title: The Fall of Hwang Woo-suk Due to Fabricated Papers…"My Boss is Mansour," Latest Updates Revealed
Article:
Hwang Woo-suk (70), who once gained attention for his animal cloning research but later fell from grace due to fabricated papers, has had his current activities revealed. Hwang Woo-suk is now involved in animal cloning in the Middle East, funded by investments from Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the Deputy Prime Minister and Presidential Affairs Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Sheikh Mansour, a member of the Al Nahyan royal family in Abu Dhabi, UAE, is also well-known as the owner of Manchester City FC, a team in the English Premier League.
Hwang Woo-suk’s recent activities were showcased in the Netflix original documentary "King of Clones: The Fall of Dr. Hwang Woo-suk." Hwang personally appeared on camera, showing his involvement in "animal cloning" research as he navigated various parts of a biotech research center in the UAE. He also introduced the research facilities and stated, "These dogs are all cloned."
Hwang’s connection to the Middle East began in 2016 when he successfully cloned a deceased pet dog for UAE Princess Latifa Al Maktoum, the Crown Princess of Fujairah. After this, he successfully cloned 11 camels of the Mabrukan breed with 26 billion KRW (about 22 million USD) in support from the Middle Eastern royal family, leading to his settlement in the UAE.
Hwang stated that he has cloned "over 150 camels" during his time in the UAE. The documentary producers described Hwang as "a man who achieved unprecedented milestones in human history, only to completely collapse and fall from grace." They further commented, "No matter how beneficial his intentions may have been, they do not excuse such severe misconduct."
Hwang expressed satisfaction with his life in the Middle East, saying, "Living in the desert and reflecting on each day seems to give more meaning to the footprints of my past life." He added, "The history of Korea, and the trajectory of my life, with all its pain and glory, cannot be erased; they are a part of who I am."
Hwang Woo-suk, while a professor at Seoul National University’s College of Veterinary Medicine, successfully cloned a calf using cell nucleus technology in 1995. His research gained further attention when the world’s first somatic cell cloned sheep, Dolly, was born in the UK in 1996.
In 1999, Hwang created Yonglong, the world’s first somatic cell cloned cow, followed by cloned pigs in 2000 and a cloned dog in 2005. He also claimed to have successfully cultivated embryonic stem cells using human somatic cells, which was published in the journal Science in 2004.
Sarah Chan, a bioethicist at the University of Edinburgh, commented in "King of Clones" that Hwang’s regenerative medicine garnered massive interest, explaining, "If we could create any somatic cell from a single cell, we could potentially create organs like a liver."
However, Hwang’s downfall began in 2005 when ethical concerns, such as egg donation for research, arose. Nature journalist David Cyranoski raised questions about the origin of 242 eggs used in Hwang's stem cell research paper. Cyranoski reported that Hwang harvested eggs from women using ovarian hyperstimulation drugs and had female lab researchers sign egg donation documents in his office.
Later that year, in November, the MBC program "PD Notebook" exposed the egg donation scandal, claiming that Hwang’s team had illegally purchased over 600 eggs rather than receiving them as donations.
Additionally, an anonymous scientist known as "Anonymous" alleged that the images of cells in Hwang’s paper were manipulated. An internal whistleblower also testified that Hwang had tampered with raw data.
Eventually, a government investigation confirmed that 9 out of 11 stem cells mentioned in the paper were fake.
Nevertheless, in "King of Clones," Hwang stated, "Even if I were to be reborn, I would walk the same path."
작문 과정 정리 (Sentence Breakdown) - 26문장
1. Hwang Woo-suk (70), who once gained attention for his animal cloning research but later fell from grace due to fabricated papers, has had his current activities revealed.
→ Hwang Woo-suk (70), who once gained attention (황우석(70)은 주목받았다)
→ for his animal cloning research (그의 동물 복제 연구로)
→ but later fell from grace (하지만 이후 몰락했다)
→ due to fabricated papers (조작된 논문 때문에)
→ has had his current activities revealed (그의 현재 활동이 공개되었다)
2. Hwang Woo-suk is now involved in animal cloning in the Middle East, funded by investments from Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the Deputy Prime Minister and Presidential Affairs Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
→ Hwang Woo-suk is now involved (황우석은 현재 관여하고 있다)
→ in animal cloning in the Middle East (중동에서 동물 복제에)
→ funded by investments from Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan (셰이크 만수르 빈 자이드 알 나얀의 투자로자금을 조달받아)
→ the Deputy Prime Minister and Presidential Affairs Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) (아랍에미리트(UAE) 부총리 겸 대통령 비서실 장관인)
3. Sheikh Mansour, a member of the Al Nahyan royal family in Abu Dhabi, UAE, is also well-known as the owner of Manchester City FC, a team in the English Premier League.
→ Sheikh Mansour, a member of the Al Nahyan royal family (셰이크 만수르, 알 나얀 왕가의 일원)
→ in Abu Dhabi, UAE (아부다비, UAE에 있는)
→ is also well-known (또한 잘 알려져 있다)
→ as the owner of Manchester City FC (맨체스터 시티 FC의 구단주로)
→ a team in the English Premier League (잉글랜드 프리미어 리그 팀인)
4. Hwang Woo-suk’s recent activities were showcased in the Netflix original documentary "King of Clones: The Fall of Dr. Hwang Woo-suk."
→ Hwang Woo-suk’s recent activities (황우석 박사의 근황이)
→ were showcased (공개되었다)
→ in the Netflix original documentary (넷플릭스 오리지널 다큐멘터리에서)
→ "King of Clones: The Fall of Dr. Hwang Woo-suk." ('킹 오브 클론:황우석 박사의 몰락'에서)
5. Hwang personally appeared on camera, showing his involvement in "animal cloning" research as he navigated various parts of a biotech research center in the UAE.
→ Hwang personally appeared on camera (황우석 박사가 직접 카메라에 등장하여)
→ showing his involvement (그의 참여를 보여주며)
→ in "animal cloning" research (동물 복제 연구에)
→ as he navigated various parts (그가 다양한 부분을 탐색하면서)
→ of a biotech research center in the UAE (UAE의 바이오테크 연구소의)
6. He also introduced the research facilities and stated, "These dogs are all cloned."
→ He also introduced the research facilities (그는 또한 연구 시설을 소개하며)
→ and stated (그리고 말했다)
→ "These dogs are all cloned." ("이 아이들은 모두 복제견입니다.")
7. Hwang’s connection to the Middle East began in 2016 when he successfully cloned a deceased pet dog for UAE Princess Latifa Al Maktoum, the Crown Princess of Fujairah.
→ Hwang’s connection to the Middle East began (황우석 박사의 중동과의 인연은 시작되었다)
→ in 2016 (2016년에)
→ when he successfully cloned (그가 성공적으로 복제했을 때)
→ a deceased pet dog (죽은 반려견을)
→ for UAE Princess Latifa Al Maktoum (UAE 공주 라티파 알 막툼을 위해)
→ the Crown Princess of Fujairah (푸자이라 지역 왕세자빈인)
8. After this, he successfully cloned 11 camels of the Mabrukan breed with 26 billion KRW (about 22 million USD) in support from the Middle Eastern royal family, leading to his settlement in the UAE.
→ After this (이후)
→ he successfully cloned (그는 성공적으로 복제했다)
→ 11 camels of the Mabrukan breed (마브루칸 품종의 낙타 11마리를)
→ with 26 billion KRW (about 22 million USD) in support (2억 6천만 원(약 2200만 달러)의 지원을 받아)
→ from the Middle Eastern royal family (중동 왕가로부터)
→ leading to his settlement in the UAE (그가 UAE에 정착하게 된 계기)
9. Hwang stated that he has cloned "over 150 camels" during his time in the UAE.
→ Hwang stated (황우석 박사는 말했다)
→ that he has cloned (그가 복제했다고)
→ "over 150 camels" (150마리가 넘는 낙타를)
→ during his time in the UAE (그가 UAE에서 생활하는 동안)
10. The documentary producers described Hwang as "a man who achieved unprecedented milestones in human history, only to completely collapse and fall from grace."
→ The documentary producers described Hwang as (다큐멘터리 제작진은 황우석을 이렇게 묘사했다)
→ "a man who achieved unprecedented milestones (전례 없는 업적을 달성한 인물)
→ in human history (인류 역사에서)
→ only to completely collapse (그러나 완전히 무너져 내린)
→ and fall from grace." (그리고 몰락한 인물로)
11. They further commented, "No matter how beneficial his intentions may have been, they do not excuse such severe misconduct."
→ They further commented (그들은 덧붙였다)
→ "No matter how beneficial his intentions may have been (그의 의도가 얼마나 유익했든 간에)
→ they do not excuse (그것이 결코 정당화될 수 없다)
→ such severe misconduct." (이처럼 심각한 부정행위는)
12. Hwang expressed satisfaction with his life in the Middle East, saying, "Living in the desert and reflecting on each day seems to give more meaning to the footprints of my past life."
→ Hwang expressed satisfaction with his life (황우석 박사는 그의 삶에 만족감을 표했다)
→ in the Middle East (중동에서의)
→ saying (그는 말했다)
→ "Living in the desert (사막에서 생활하며)
→ and reflecting on each day (하루하루를 돌아보는 것이)
→ seems to give more meaning (더 많은 의미를 부여하는 것 같다)
→ to the footprints of my past life." (내 지난 삶의 발자취에)
13. He added, "The history of Korea, and the trajectory of my life, with all its pain and glory, cannot be erased; they are a part of who I am."
→ He added (그는 덧붙였다)
→ "The history of Korea (한국의 역사와)
→ and the trajectory of my life (그리고 내 삶의 궤적)
→ with all its pain and glory (그 모든 고통과 영광을 담고 있는)
→ cannot be erased (지울 수 없으며)
→ they are a part of who I am." (그것들은 나의 일부이다)
14. Hwang Woo-suk, while a professor at Seoul National University’s College of Veterinary Medicine, successfully cloned a calf using cell nucleus technology in 1995.
→ Hwang Woo-suk, while a professor at Seoul National University’s College of Veterinary Medicine (황우석 박사는 서울대 수의대 교수로 재직하면서)
→ successfully cloned a calf (송아지를 성공적으로 복제했다)
→ using cell nucleus technology in 1995 (1995년에 세포 핵기술을 이용해)
15. His research gained further attention when the world’s first somatic cell cloned sheep, Dolly, was born in the UK in 1996.
→ His research gained further attention (그의 연구는 더욱 주목받았다)
→ when the world’s first somatic cell cloned sheep (세계 최초의 체세포 복제 양)
→ Dolly, was born in the UK in 1996 (돌리가 1996년 영국에서 태어났을 때)
16. In 1999, Hwang created Yonglong, the world’s first somatic cell cloned cow, followed by cloned pigs in 2000 and a cloned dog in 2005.
→ In 1999 (1999년)
→ Hwang created Yonglong (황우석은 영롱이를 만들었다)
→ the world’s first somatic cell cloned cow (세계 최초의 체세포 복제 젖소인)
→ followed by cloned pigs in 2000 (2000년에는 복제 돼지를)
→ and a cloned dog in 2005 (그리고 2005년에는 복제 개를)
17. He also claimed to have successfully cultivated embryonic stem cells using human somatic cells, which was published in the journal *Science* in 2004.
→ He also claimed (그는 또한 주장했다)
→ to have successfully cultivated (성공적으로 배양했다고)
→ embryonic stem cells using human somatic cells (인간 체세포를 이용한 배아줄기세포를)
→ which was published in the journal *Science* in 2004 (이 연구는 2004년 학술지 '사이언스'에 게재되었다)
18. Sarah Chan, a bioethicist at the University of Edinburgh, commented in "King of Clones" that Hwang’s regenerative medicine garnered massive interest, explaining, "If we could create any somatic cell from a single cell, we could potentially create organs like a liver."
→ Sarah Chan, a bioethicist at the University of Edinburgh (에든버러대 생명윤리학자 세라 찬 박사는)
→ commented in "King of Clones" (다큐 '킹 오브 클론'에서 말했다)
→ that Hwang’s regenerative medicine (황우석 박사의 재생의학이)
→ garnered massive interest (엄청난 관심을 받았다고)
→ explaining ("만약 하나의 세포로부터 어떤 체세포라도 만들 수 있다면
→ we could potentially create organs like a liver." (간과 같은 장기를 새로 만들 수 있을 것입니다"라고 설명했다)
19. However, Hwang’s downfall began in 2005 when ethical concerns, such as egg donation for research, arose.
→ However (하지만)
→ Hwang’s downfall began in 2005 (황우석 박사의 몰락은 2005년에 시작되었다)
→ when ethical concerns (윤리적 우려가 발생했을 때)
→ such as egg donation for research (난자 기증을 포함한 연구를 위한)
20. *Nature* journalist David Cyranoski raised questions about the origin of 242 eggs used in Hwang's stem cell research paper.
→ Nature journalist David Cyranoski (네이처지 기자 데이비드 시라노스키는)
→ raised questions (의문을 제기했다)
→ about the origin of 242 eggs (242개의 난자의 출처에 대해)
→ used in Hwang's stem cell research paper (황우석 박사의 줄기세포 연구 논문에 사용된)
21. Cyranoski reported that Hwang harvested eggs from women using ovarian hyperstimulation drugs and had female lab researchers sign egg donation documents in his office.
→ Cyranoski reported (시라노스키 기자는 보도했다)
→ that Hwang harvested eggs (황우석 박사가 난자를 채취했다고)
→ from women using ovarian hyperstimulation drugs (여성들에게 난소 과잉 자극 약물을 사용하여)
→ and had female lab researchers sign egg donation documents (그리고 여성 연구원들에게 난자 기증 서류에 서명하도록 했다)
→ in his office (그의 사무실에서)
22. Later that year, in November, the MBC program "PD Notebook" exposed the egg donation scandal, claiming that Hwang’s team had illegally purchased over 600 eggs rather than receiving them as donations.
→ Later that year, in November (그 해 11월)
→ the MBC program "PD Notebook" (MBC 'PD수첩' 프로그램이)
→ exposed the egg donation scandal (난자 기증 스캔들을 폭로했다)
→ claiming that Hwang’s team (황우석 박사의 연구팀이 주장하며)
→ had illegally purchased over 600 eggs (600개가 넘는 난자를 불법으로 구입했다고)
→ rather than receiving them as donations (기증받은 것이 아니라)
23. Additionally, an anonymous scientist known as "Anonymous" alleged that the images of cells in Hwang’s paper were manipulated.
→ Additionally (추가적으로)
→ an anonymous scientist known as "Anonymous" (익명의 과학자 '어나니머스'가)
→ alleged that the images of cells (세포 사진이 조작되었다고 주장했다)
→ in Hwang’s paper (황우석 박사의 논문에 있는)
→ were manipulated (조작되었다고)
24. An internal whistleblower also testified that Hwang had tampered with raw data.
→ An internal whistleblower (내부 고발자가)
→ also testified (또한 증언했다)
→ that Hwang had tampered with raw data (황우석 박사가 미가공 데이터를 조작했다고)
25. Eventually, a government investigation confirmed that 9 out of 11 stem cells mentioned in the paper were fake.
→ Eventually (결국)
→ a government investigation (정부 조사가)
→ confirmed (확인했다)
→ that 9 out of 11 stem cells (논문에 언급된 줄기세포 11개 중 9개가)
→ mentioned in the paper (논문에 언급된)
→ were fake (가짜라는 것을)
26. Nevertheless, in "King of Clones," Hwang stated, "Even if I were to be reborn, I would walk the same path."
→ Nevertheless (그럼에도 불구하고)
→ in "King of Clones" (다큐 '킹 오브 클론'에서)
→ Hwang stated (황우석 박사는 말했다)
→ "Even if I were to be reborn (다시 태어난다 해도)
→ I would walk the same path." (나는 같은 길을 걸을 것입니다")
중요한 단어와 표현 (Key Words and Phrases)
1. Animal Cloning (동물 복제): The process of creating a genetically identical copy of an animal.
→ Example: "Hwang Woo-suk gained attention for his animal cloning research." (황우석은 동물 복제 연구로 주목받았다.)
2. Fabricated Papers (조작된 논문): Research papers that have been falsified or manipulated to produce misleading results.
Fabricate 꾸며내다, 조작하다, 문서를 위조하다 라는 의미입니다.
→ Example: "Hwang fell from grace due to fabricated papers." (황우석은 조작된 논문으로 몰락했다.)
3. Fall from Grace (몰락하다): To lose one's good reputation or status.
→ Example: "He later fell from grace due to scandals." (그는 이후 스캔들로 몰락했다.)
4. Somatic Cell (체세포): Any cell of the body except for sperm and egg cells.
→ Example: "Somatic cell cloning is a method of cloning using somatic cells." (체세포 복제는 체세포를 이용한 복제 방법이다.)
5. Embryonic Stem Cells (배아 줄기세포): Cells derived from early→ stage embryos that can differentiate into any cell type.
→ Example: "He claimed to have cultivated embryonic stem cells using human somatic cells." (그는 인간 체세포를 이용한 배아 줄기세포를 배양했다고 주장했다.)
6. Ovarian Hyperstimulation (난소 과잉 자극): A medical procedure that stimulates the ovaries to produce multiple eggs.
→ Example: "Hwang harvested eggs using ovarian hyperstimulation drugs." (황우석은 난소 과잉 자극 약물을 사용해 난자를 채취했다.)
7. Whistleblower (내부 고발자): A person who exposes misconduct, often within their own organization.
이 단어 필수단어 입니다! “making a disclosure” or “blowing the whistle” 이라고도 표현합니다.
Disclose 폭로하다, 누설하다, 밝히다
→ Example: "An internal whistleblower testified against Hwang." (내부 고발자가 황우석에 대해 증언했다.)
오늘은 황우석 박사의 근황에 대한 기사를 번역하는 과정과 중요한 표현들 정리해보았습니다.
Somatic cell, embryonic stem cells, ovarian hyperstimulation 같은 의학 용어들은 한번쯤 그냥 읽어두시는 것으로 충분합니다. 외우려고 하지 않으셔도 괜찮아요!
강의실에서 마찬가지로, 여러분에게 더 자세하게 알려드리고 싶은 마음에 글이 길어졌습니다.
한 문장, 한 문장 천천히 읽어보시면서 직접 필사해보시면, 라이팅 하는데 도움되실거라 믿습니다.
비가 내립니다. 빗길 운전조심하시고, 즐거운 주말 보내시길 바랍니다!
Talk to you later!
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