Re:ENGLISH LANGUAGE SOURCES ON 5.18 300~379

Document 300 The Associated Press December 24, 1995, Sunday, AM cycle SECTION: International News LENGTH: 198 words HEADLINE: Prosecutors Look Into Kwangju Uprising, Secret Funds DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: Prosecutors questioned four former military and political leaders Sunday in a 1980 massacre of at least 240 pro-democracy protesters. The four are the latest people interviewed by prosecutors building a case against two former military-backed presidents accused of leading a 1979 coup and of amassing huge slush funds. Prosecutors asked the four former officials summoned Sunday about the deployment of paratroopers in the military crackdown on civilians protesting the coup. Authorities say supporters of the president at the time, Chun Doo Hwan, ordered troops sent in against demonstrators in the southern city of Kwangju. The massacre that followed was one of the the bloodiest incidents in the nation's history. Chun already has been jailed on charges alleging he masterminded the coup that brought him to power, and prosecutors also interviewed him Saturday about his alleged slush fund. Investigators spent about 20 minutes with Chun, who has been weakened by a tea-and-barley water hunger strike he began to protest his arrest. Chun's successor, Roh Tae-woo, is already on trial for allegedly taking bribes and stockpiling $ 650 million during his 1988-93 term. Document 301 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 22, 1995 02:27 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 720 words HEADLINE: Chun enters 20th day of hunger strike DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec 22 BODY: Jailed former South Korean president Chun Doo-Hwan refused food and intravenous feeding on Friday, as his protest hunger strike entered its 20th day, hospital authorities said. "Mr. Chun is still refusing food and intravenous feeding," an official of the Police Hospital, where Chun was rushed from prison Wednesday, was quoted as saying by Yonhap news agency. "We're doing our best to help him recover, adding glucose and electrolytes to the barley tea he drinks," he said. Chun, 64, is suffering dehydration and malnutrition but test results of his blood pressure, pulse and liver indicated no serious problems yet with his health, he added. Chun was transferred from his Anyang prison cell by ambulance to the National Police Hospital late Wednesday for treatment. Police maintained a tight blockade in the hospital, blocking journalists from entering or taking pictures inside, witnesses said. Chun launched the hunger strike on December 3 to protest his arrest on charges of leading a military rebellion in 1979, which led to the massacre of pro-democracy protestors in Kwangju in 1980. Alongside with his coup colleague and successor Roh Tae-Woo, who is already in jail on corruption charges, Chun was indicted Thursday on charges of leading the coup, which is now called a miilitary mutiny. If convicted, the two former generals-turned-presidents could face the death sentence or life imprisonment. ckp/kw A prominent lawmaker linked to the 1980 massacre of pro-democracy protestors in Kwangju said Friday that he was bolting the ruling New Korea Party (NKP). The departure by Chung Ho-Yong further decreased the NKP's chances in crucial National Assembly elections in April, especially in politically important Taegu City, Chung's hometown. "I have decided to quit the NKP, because there is an insurmountable gap between my view of history and that of the party," Chung told a press conference. The general-turned-politician, a core member of a military group led by then general Chun Doo-Hwan, commanded the villified special forces at the time of the Kwangju massacre, in which more than 200 people were killed. Most of the atrocities in Kwangju were attributed to the special forces. Under a recently passed special law, Chung is expected to be next in line to follow his colleagues and former generals-turned-presidents Chun Doo-Hwan and Roh Tae-Woo to prison on charges of playing a key role in the bloodshed. The departure of Chung, who enjoys widespread support in Taegu, will further dim the already bleak outlook of the NKP in parliamentary elections, commentators here said. The drive by incumbent President Kim Young-Sam, a civilian, to eliminate the legacy of the past military regime saw both Roh and Chun put into prison, charged with corruption and involvement in the Kwangju massacre. But the campaign antagonized voters in Chun and Roh's home province of North Kyongsang and its capital, Taegu, who had supported Kim in the 1992 presidential poll. ckp/kw/mms Document 302 Copyright 1995 Kyodo News Service Japan Economic Newswire DECEMBER 21, 1995, THURSDAY LENGTH: 820 words HEADLINE: Prosecutors indict Chun, Roh on rebellion charges DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec. 21 Kyodo BODY: State prosecutors Thursday indicted detained former Presidents Chun Doo Hwan and Roh Tae Woo on charges of staging a 1979 military rebellion that later carried them to political power. Roh, who is currently standing trial on charges of bribe taking, will face additional criminal charges, including his alleged 'major' role in the military rebellion. Chun, in prison on the outskirts of Seoul, was sent to a hospital late Wednesday night for health problems caused by his refusal to eat anything for 18 days in protest at his arrest. Prosecutors reportedly visited Chun at the hospital Thursday to interview him in connection with his involvement in the military rebellion in the belief he is not in a critical condition. They plan to indict some of Chun's loyal supporters over the bloody insurrection sometime next month, local news reports said. Chun was arrested Dec. 3 on charges of masterminding the coup Dec. 12, 1979, in which a group of military officers overthrew their superiors by force and later seized political power. The arrest of Chun was made possible when President Kim Young Sam ordered the ruling party to introduce special legislation allowing prosecution of those involved in the putsch and the subsequent military crackdown of pro-democracy protesters in the southern city of Kwangju. Kim also ordered prosecutors to reopen a full investigation into the case, bringing in more than 35 people, including former military officers for questioning. Chun is suspected of having ordered the arrest of then army chief of staff Gen. Chung Seung Hwa and the mobilization of troops for the putsch. Chun is the second South Korean head of state to be indicted in a criminal case, following the indictment early this month of his army colleague and successor as president, Roh. Chun and Roh are said to have engineered the coup after the assassination of then President Park Chung Hee on Oct. 26 that year. South Korean military law stipulates that the ringleaders in a military coup receive the death penalty. The 64-year-old Chun was president from 1980 to 1988, followed by Roh, who gave way in 1993 to President Kim Young Sam, the first civilian president in the country in 32 years. Chun also faced corruption charges after he stepped down in 1988. He was forced to apologize to the nation and go into self-imposed domestic exile in a remote Buddhist monastery. Roh went on trial Monday on charges of bribe taking from businesses while in office, becoming the first head of state to face criminal charges. Roh admitted to amassing 500 billion won (about 654 million dollars) through 'donations' from corporations, sparking a full-scale probe into the case. Meanwhile, South Korea's political parties urged the two detained former presidents to fully disclose the truth of the rebellion and the massacre. The ruling New Korea Party (NKP) said in a statement that 'Chun and Roh were indicted to set straight the past history distorted by their acts of destroying constitutional order and breaking the chain of command in the military.' An NKP spokesman also urged Chun to stop fasting to try to win sympathy and show true repentance in telling the truth in court. The main opposition party, the National Congress for New Politics, demanded that prosecutors conduct a thorough probe into the case and bring criminal charges against all involved. Prosecutors are also likely to file an additional graft charge against Chun after their probe into the matter is completed. A senior prosecutor in charge told local reporters that considerable progress has been made in the investigation on Chun's alleged amassing of slush funds while in office. 'We found out that Chun had hidden a vast amount of money in bank accounts under borrowed names,' the prosecutor said. Prosecutors are known to have quizzed more than 20 business leaders in connection with the offering of bribes to Chun. He also said a full-scope investigation will be launched on the 'May 18 Kwangju incident' with parliamentary endorsement of a special bill allowing legal charges against those involved in the massacre. On Tuesday, the National Assembly approved special legislation to extend the 15-year statutory limitation period to charge those allegedly involved in the 1979 coup and the Kwangju incident. After the successful coup, Chun and Roh, allied with their cronies, went on to remove their potential political rivals and tighten military rule around the nation, touching off a large-scale pro-democracy protest in the southern city of Kwangju in May 1980. Paratroopers were ordered to move into the city to crush the uprising and opened fire on demonstrators, killing at least 192 people and injuring more than 1,000, by official accounts. Dissidents and Kwangju residents claim that not all the bodies were found and the actual death toll was as high as 2,000. Document 303 Copyright 1995 The Russian Information Agency ITAR-TASS TASS December 21, 1995, Thursday LENGTH: 182 words HEADLINE: TWO SOUTH KOREAN EX-PRESIDENTS CHARGED OF STAGING COUP DATELINE: SEOUL, DECEMBER 21 BODY: CHUN DOO-HWAN AND ROE TAE-WOO, THETWO SOUTH KOREAN EX-PRESIDENTS AND DICTATORS, WERE TODAY OFFICIALLYCHARGED OF ORGANISING THE 1979 MILITARY COUP. CHUN DOO-HWAN WAS ARRESTEDON DECEMBER 3. HE HAD ORDERED THE ARREST OF KEY SOUTH KOREAN MILITARYCOMMANDERS, WHICH GAVE HIM DICTATORIAL POWERS. THE CHARGES BROUGHTAGAINST HIM ARE GRAVER THAN THOSE AGAINST ROE TAE-WOO AND MAY LEAD TO ADEATH PENALTY. A DIRECT CONSEQUENCE OF THE ABOVE-SAID PUTSCH WAS THE SUPPRESSION OF THE MAY 1980 POPULAR UPRISING IN KWANGJU. THIS MASSACRE, STAGED ON CHUNDOO-HWAN'S ORDER, CLAIMED THE LIVES, ACCORDING TO OFFICIAL FIGURES, OFMORE THAN 200 PEOPLE. THAN 2,000 CIVILIANS WERE WOUNDED. HOWEVER,KWANGJU PUBLIC CIRCLES BELIEVE THAT ABOUT 3,000 CIVILIANS, WHODEMONSTRATED UNDER DEMOCRATIC STREAMERS IN THE CITY, WERE KILLED ON THATDAY. THE EX-PRESIDENT, WHO IS ALSO A RETIRED GENERAL, WAS TODAY DELIVEREDTO A POLICE HOSPITAL IN SEOUL FROM THE ANYANE JAIL DUE TO HEALTHCOMPLICATIONS CAUSED BY HIS HUNGER STRIKE. CHUN DOO-HWAN DID NOT EATANYTHING FOR EIGHTEEN DAYS. HE ONLY DRANK TEA. KLI/AST Document 304 Copyright 1995 U.P.I. United Press International December 21, 1995, Thursday, BC cycle SECTION: International LENGTH: 289 words HEADLINE: Chun, Roh indicted on insurrection charges DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec. 21 BODY: Former South Korean Presidents Chun Doo-hwan and Roh Tae-woo were indicted Thursday on charges they masterminded a military coup in 1979. Chun, who is on a hunger strike for the 19th day to show his resistance to the government of President Kim Young-sam, moved to a hospital for a medical checkup Wednesday night. He showed symptoms of dehydration and malnutrition. ''He is, however, not in a serious condition,'' a doctor at the hospital said. Chun still denied any food or medical treatment, the doctor said. Prosecutors added insurrection charges to Roh, who already was charged with taking hundreds of millions of dollars in bribes from businessmen while in office. The trials of Roh and 14 businessmen and former government officials began Monday. On Dec. 12, 1979, Chun -- then an army general -- and loyal troops seized the Defense Ministry and the Army headquarters. Roh, then commanding an infantry division at the border with North Korea, moved his men to Seoul to support Chun. Chun arrested opposition politicians and imposed nationwide martial law, which touched off a 1980 pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Kwangju. Rebels forced police and army troops out of Kwangju in May and held the city for 10 days before the interim government sent in troops to regain control of the city. By official counts, at least 200 people were killed and about 1,000 more were injured in the crackdown. A bill for punishing those responsible for the Kwangju massacre was passed by the National Assembly Tuesday. Under the new law, Chun and his cronies involved in the military coup and the suppression on the civilian movement are expected to be indicted in January. Document 305 Copyright 1995 Kyodo News Service Japan Economic Newswire DECEMBER 20, 1995, WEDNESDAY LENGTH: 148 words HEADLINE: Japanese morning newspaper headlines DATELINE: TOKYO, Dec. 20 Kyodo BODY: Wednesday morning newspaper headlines: -- Murayama says gov't will look into responsibility for ailing housing loan companies. (Asahi, Yomiuri, Nihon Keizai) Gov't to do utmost to recover debts to housing loan companies, Murayama says. (Mainichi) -- Public funds for liquidating housing loan companies to exceed 1.2 tri. yen. (Mainichi) -- Housing loan issue to push over half of major banks into red. (Nihon Keizai) -- FY '96 general account budget to total 75.1 tri. yen. (Asahi) -- High court dismisses AUM Shinrikyo's appeal against dissolution order. (Asahi, Mainichi, Yomiuri, Nihon Keizai) -- Support rate for Murayama cabinet hits record low 33 pc. (Asahi) -- S. Korean parliament passes law allowing punishment of two ex-presidents for Kwangju massacre. (Mainichi) -- China to stop nuclear tests after CTBT is concluded, Li tells Kono. (Nihon Keizai) Document 306 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 19, 1995 23:37 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 560 words HEADLINE: Chun's indictment on mutiny charges imminet: prosecution DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec 19 BODY: Ex-president Chun Doo-Hwan will be indicted soon on charges of insurrection, prosecutors said Tuesday, as South Korea's parliament was poised to pass a special law allowing indictment of former coup leaders. "As the deadline for his indictment is imminent, we have to indict him Thursday or Friday on charges related to the 1979 coup," a senior prosecutor told Yonhap news agency. But the prosecutor said graft and other charges would be filed later against Chun, who is on a 17th day of a hunger strike in prison to protest his innocence. "Probes into Chun's slush fund and his role in the bloody crackdown on pro-democracy protesters in Kwangju will continue," the prosecutor was quoted as saying. Chun's aides and family members said the 64-year-old ex-president was so weak this week that he had to lie in bed all day, sparking speculation that he would have to be transferred to hospital. The Justice Ministry confirmed Tuesday that Chun's health was quickly worsening, requiring careful attention and medical checks by prison wardens. "But he is still in good form, and as of now we have no intention to transfer him to hospital," ministry spokesman Lee Chang-Ho told . Chun's aides said the ex-president had rejected a plea to ask for parole, vowing to continue his protest. "He is detemined to continue his fast," secretary Min Byong-Ki told reporters. Chun, a former general, was jailed on December 3 on charges of leading a 1979 coup, which preceded the 1980 massacre of some 200 pro-democracy demonstrators in the southern city of Kwangju. In parliament, negotiations were under way between ruling and opposition parties on the passage of a special law that would allow indictment of former military generals who helped Chun seize power. The opposition demanded that the special law accompany the appointment of "politically neutral" prosecutors to probe the 1979 coup and the 1980 Kwangju massacre. But the ruling New Korea Party, which has a comfortable majority, voiced objections to special prosecutors, vowing to push for the passage of the special law bill through the National Assembly before its session ends on Tuesday. Along with intensive interrogations of former army generals involved in the coup, prosecutors have questioned businessmen to uncover Chun's alleged slush fund. But the prosecution has failed to secure sufficient evidence of a fund. cwl/kw/sc Document 307 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 19, 1995 02:08 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 400 words HEADLINE: Kim visits northern front to reassure troops DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec 19 BODY: President Kim Young-Sam on Tuesday visited military outposts on the demilitarized zone (DMZ) and reassured frontline troops about South Korea's political turmoil, Yonhap news agency said. In a dispatch datelined the "Western frontline" Yonhap quoted the president as telling troops on the frontline against North Korea that a special law enabling the prosecution of "political soliders" could remove the stains of history. The prosecution of those who carried out a 1979 coup and were responsible for the massacre of some 200 civilians in Kwangju a year later would restore the honor of the armed forces, he was quoted as saying. The visit coincided with attempts by Kim's ruling New Korea Party to pass the special law in parliament Tuesday, enabling prosecutors to charge jailed former general-turned-president Chun Doo-Hwan and other former generals for the coup. At least 11 senior officers who are members of the ruling party, including the current chief of general staff, are implicated in the 1979 coup and the Kwangju massacre. Chun, 64, is on a hunger strike in Anyang jail to protest his innocence on rebellion charges. Kim urged the troops to be alert against possible provocation from North Korea, which he warned might "misinterpret" the current political turmoil in the South to start action. Intelligence reports have said the North moved fighter planes and bombers closer to the DMZ in October, when South Korean and US troops held a massive defence training exercise. The planes have not been pulled back. The president was briefed on the latest Northern troop dispositions, the dispatch said. kw/cwl Document 308 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 18, 1995; Monday 02:10 Eastern Time SECTION: Travel LENGTH: 668 words BODY: APTV 0600 ADVISORY FOR MONDAY 18 DECEMBER 199 Here is a rundown of the main stories APTV expects to move dur ing the next 12 hours. APTV's scheduled b-u-l-l-e-t-i-n times over this period are th e Pacific Rim Late (0700), Asia Late (0800), North America (0930), Europe Update 1 (1130), Europe Update 2 (1430), Eurovi sion Window (1540) and Europe Late (1600). All times are GMT.$ RUSSIA:UPDATE- We have the latest pictures as the countin Sunday's Parliamentary elections in Russia goes on. We see the Duma, or Parliament, in session, with ultra-nationalist Vladimi Zhirinovsky. We also have an analysis in English, and vis Russian family in their flat to get their reactions. RUSSIA:ZYUGANOV- The biggest winners in the election are Russi a's resurgent Communists. APTV has an interview with the party lea der, Gennady Zyuganov. RUSSIA:WRAP- We have wrapped the highlights of Russia's electi ons, showing Russians voting in mid-winter snows, and leaders, incl uding Boris Yeltsin, Mikhail Gorbachev and Vladimir Zhirinovsky cast ing their ballots. AUSTRIA:POLL- Austrians have rejected far-right extremists as a possible Government and given a boost to the ruling Socia democrats. Our pictures include shots of the three main party leaders vot ing, and the reaction of Social Democratic chancellor Franz Vranitz ky. HAITI:ELECTIONS- There has been a low turnout in elections in Haiti to choose a successor to President Aristide, indicating that m ost Haitians want to hang on to their first freely-elected preside nt. APTV has the latest pictures of the polling. KOREA:TRIAL - South Korea's former President Roh tae-woo, has gone on trial in Seoul, accused of corruption. We have the courtroo m pictures. KOREA:KWANGJU- In a special report, APTV tells the story of th e 1980 kwangju massacre in Korea, and event still sending shockw through Korean politics, as the military chiefs accused o responsibility are brought to book. KOREA:RED CROSS- APTV has the first pictures taken from the ar ea of North Korea devastated by recent floods during a visit by Red cross officials. INDONESIA:TREATY- Australia is signing a security treaty regional giant Indonesia. APTV has the pictures. US:SENSIBILITY- Jane Austen mania continues with the Engl novelist's "Sense and Sensibility" being given the big sc Hollywood treatment with a British cast and a Chinese director . APTV has a preview. US:BUDGET - The wrangle over the US Budget between President a nd congress looks like bringing Government in Washington to a gri nding halt for the second time on Monday. We have pictures of t president and his Republican opponents talking about their due l. The Intake Editor is Mike Alexander at 44-171-427-4100. The Output Editor is Martin Benedyk at 44-171-427-4130. The APTV Master Control Room can be reached at 44--171-427-413 1. Please do not give these telephone numbers to your viewer cannot take public calls on these lines - they are for your us e only. Document 309 Copyright 1995 U.P.I. United Press International December 18, 1995, Monday, BC cycle SECTION: International LENGTH: 1126 words BYLINE: BY LORIEN HOLLAND DATELINE: PANMUNJOM, Korea BODY: Forty-five years after North Korea invaded South Korea, young soldiers still stand toe-to-toe in an anxious face- off. They stand only a few feet apart in the demilitarized zone, glaring at each other over a narrow concrete strip that represents the division of Korea as yet another year pocked with false hopes of reconciliation passes. Given the uncertain power succession and possible famine in the North, and the corruption scandal that threatens the roots of the political system in the South, the border is surprisingly calm. Many in the South had hoped the North's decaying economy and mounting food shortages would bring a warming of ties in 1995 after heightened tensions dropped with the partial resolution of Pyongyang's nuclear threat in 1994. But facing the future without Great Leader Kim Il-sung or support from its communist allies, the intransigent North has instead toughened its hard-line stance against the South. New slogans displayed prominently on the North Korean hills in the DMZ boast: ''Our government is better than yours,'' and warn, ''You must follow the ways of the Leading Star,'' referring to Kim's son, Kim Jong- Il, apparent heir to the People's Paradise who has still not assumed top positions 17 months after his father's death. Meanwhile, the model North Korean village in the DMZ is visibly deserted and Pyongyang has made its first appeal for food assistance in the face of what it said was flood damage estimated at $15 billion. ''It is hard to imagine what form reconciliation could possibly take here,'' said a presidential advisor from the Middle East after listening to the U.S. Army briefing on the world's last Cold War frontier. ''The differences are so extreme that a Germany-like unification does not appear remotely possible,'' he said. North Korea has spent the last 45 years in uncompromising defiance of the capitalist world. Previously relying on the now-defunct Soviet Union and communist bloc for economic subsidies, the regime appears to have survived its economic decay by stepping up already tight controls on its 22 million people and warning of imminent attacks from the South. But late 1995 also saw a hardening of attitude in the South, which is well aware of the potential disaster of a swift collapse in the North and had been trying to build up goodwill with Pyongyang. In June when the South donated emergency rice supplies -- in unmarked sacks at the North's request -- Pyongyang responded by forcing the first supply ship to fly a North Korean flag and arresting the captain of the second on espionage charges. Then Pyongyang announced it was holding the surviving crew from a South Korean fishing boat that strayed into the North's waters and was fired on and captured. Five fishermen remained in detention and were joined in July by a South Korean pastor who was, according to Beijing, kidnapped from China. In March Pyongyang also expelled the remaining Polish delegation on the Neutral Nations Armistice Commission in an effort to bring about a direct treaty with the United States, which coordinated the U.N. troops on the 1950-1953 war, and isolate the ''U.S. puppet government'' in the South. Seoul's retaliation was swift and painful for the North. It stopped all further rice shipments despite pleas from the International Red Cross that the situation was as bad as Pyongyang had said. It then cut off possible investment in the North -- which is desperate for hard currency -- warning businessmen to stay away from Pyongyang or face unspecified action. The South Korean government also pulled off one of the biggest diplomatic coups in the history of the peninsula by securing a state visit from Chinese President Jiang Zemin. The November trip was the first visit by a Chinese leader in the 5, 000 years of contact between Korea and China. Much to Seoul's delight, Jiang went to the South and not the North, which has claimed Beijing as an ally for decades. China rescued Pyongyang in the Korean War by stopping the U.S.-led United Nations forces from wiping out the North Korean army. Beijing then spent more than 30 years proclaiming the two communist regimes were ''as close as lips and teeth.'' But apparently not forever. China's blossoming trade with South Korea -- expected to hit $15 billion in 1995 while the North's will fall below last year's paltry $246 million -- has tipped the balance and Beijing's ''conversion'' is seen by many in Seoul as the turning point in its ideological battle with the North. China protests that it has no special role to play, but it is South Korea's great hope for a future unification of the peninsula. With Russia downgrading its ties to North Korea -- it no longer will go to Pyongyang's military aid -- and shedding its ideology, China is the only remaining country in a position to push for reconciliation from both sides. Seeing the economic cost of German reunification, South Korea is keen to avoid a sudden collapse and the cost of the massive aftershocks of a division far more effective than that between East and West Germany. There are no mail or telephone links across the armistice line. North Korean radios and televisions are tuned only to receive North Korean programs and fewer than 1,000 people have defected to the South in the last 30 years, compared with the 800,000 East Germans who fled to the West between the 1960s and 1989. The threat of a belligerent North Korea is also a useful political tool for Seoul to use in rallying its 44 million people. North Korean agents apparently infiltrated the DMZ just before Seoul's slush fund scandal broke in November, although there had not been such an incident for many years. Pyongyang denied involvement. Then, as investigations into the bribery cache of $654 million deepened with the arrest of former President Roh Tae-woo and the reopening of the infamous Kwangju Massacre case, warnings of a military buildup in the North increased. South Korean Defense Minister Lee Yang-ho ordered forces along the 150-mile (241-km) border to tighten guard in late November, warning the ongoing scandal in Seoul could lead Pyongyang to misjudge the ability of the South to defend itself. But even as political turmoil in the South deepens, with two former presidents behind bars and the sacking of the prime minister, it is business as usual up at the DMZ for the 320 South Korean and 180 U.S. army soldiers guarding Panmunjom. North Korean propaganda blares from the loud speakers; North Korean soldiers glare at visitors from the South looking across the 38th parallel; and both sides resign themselves to another bitter winter. Document 310 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 17, 1995 04:50 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 320 words HEADLINE: Massive security blockade mounted to protect Roh trial DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec 17 BODY: South Korean police on Sunday mounted a massive security blockade around the court where ex-president Roh Tae-Woo and top business tycoons will go on trial Monday, reports said. A dozen bomb detectors have been brought to the Seoul District Criminal Court where Roh and 14 others indicted on graft or bribery charges will appear, Yonhap news agency said. Some 2,500 riot police will be deployed around the court building to protect the accused against possible protests by angry citizens or dissidents, it said. Tight security will also be in effect inside the courtroom, with the public forced to pass through metal detectors, Yonhap said. Roh faces a maximum sentence of life imprisonment under a special law against economic crimes. Radicals and dissidents have demanded the death penalty for Roh, who was jailed on November 16 on charges of amassing a 650-million-dollar slush fund while in office from 1988 to 1993. Roh, a former general, has also been branded one of the key masterminds in the 1980 massacre of some 200 demonstrators in the southern city of Kwangju, which followed a 1979 mutiny headed by Roh's predecessor, Chun Doo-Hwan. Dissidents contend Roh and Chun, army academy classmates, played a key role in the coup and the 1980 Kwangju massacre. Chun was jailed on December 3. cwl/kw/jd Document 311 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 17, 1995; Sunday 04:36 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 699 words BYLINE: PAUL SHIN DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: Disgraced former President Roh Tae-woo goes on trial Monday as South Korea struggles to minimize the impact of major political scandals involving past military governments. Roh faces corruption charges for taking bribes for a dlrs 650 million slush fund he established during his 1988-93 term. If convicted, he can be sentenced to 10 years to life in prison. Roh's immediate predecessor, Chun Doo-hwan, is also in jail for masterminding a 1979 coup. The prosecution has until Friday to indict him for military rebellion, which carries the death penalty. The two ex-army generals are the first former presidents to face criminal charges for misdeeds in office. A third former president, Choi Kyu-hah, is being asked to testify in connection with the 1979 coup. In a move to defuse a political crisis touched off by the scandals, President Kim Young-sam already sacked his prime minister Friday and named an academic with no ties with past governments to replace him. Lee Soo-sung, president of state-run Seoul National University, replaced Lee Hong-koo who had been in the prime minister's job for less than one year. Lee's appointment is subject to parliamentary approval which is expected by Tuesday at the latest. Presidential officials said a major shuffle of the 24-member Cabinet and presidential staff would follow as early as early this week. Local media, quoting various sources, said the expected shakeup would be extensive and involve key posts, including the finance and home ministers. In South Korea, Cabinet shakeups are often used to divert attention from major political scandals or infrastructure disasters. The shakeup is seen as part of President Kim's preparations for parliamentary elections in April, which are seen as a precursor for crucial presidential ballots in 1997. Kim's governing party suffered a major setback in June local elections. The outgoing prime minister and other Cabinet members to be replaced reportedly are being asked to run as government candidates in April. Roh will stand trial with 14 aides and businessmen, charged with helping him establish the slush fund. The industrialists involved represent a who's who of South Korea's business circles. Roh claims that the money came from donations, which were customary under past governments. But prosecutors say that he swapped money for major government projects. Court officials said security will be tight for Roh's trial. About 400 police will be deployed outside the courtroom. Activist groups have demonstrated almost daily to demand stern punishment. About 200 people, including families and journalists, will be allowed inside the courtroom but only after being checked by metal detectors. Photographing will be allowed briefly, but only from behind the defendants. TV networks planned live coverage of Roh's 30-minute trip from his prison to the courthouse. No TV coverage will be allowed inside the courtroom. Chun, president from 1980-88, continued a hunger strike for the 15th day Sunday, protesting what he perceives as political retaliation. He has refused to take anything other than water since he was arrested on Dec. 3. The 64-year-old Chun is reportedly protesting because President Kim has reversed his previous promise not to punish him for the 1979 coup. Kim said he had to change his mind because of massive corruption involving the two ex-army generals. The local newspaper Dong-A Ilbo said prison officials were alarmed by Chun's rapidly failing health. The ex-president keeps losing about 1 kilogram (2.2 pounds) a day and spends most of his time lying in bed, it said. ''Abnormal signs appear in his health condition,'' the paper said, quoting prison officials and Chun aides. Chun's lawyer-spokesman Lee Yang-woo said the former president is determined to continue the hunger strike even if it ends up risking his life. The 1979 coup was followed several months later by a bloody crackdown on a pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Kwangju which left at least 240 people dead. How to heal the wounds of the ''Kwangju Massacre'' is one of the most divisive issues in Korean politics. Document 312 Copyright 1995 Kyodo News Service Japan Economic Newswire DECEMBER 16, 1995, SATURDAY LENGTH: 194 words HEADLINE: Ex-President Choi refuses to testify in coup probe DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec. 16 Kyodo BODY: Former President Choi Kyu Hah again refused to testify Saturday before prosecutors investigating the 1979 military coup and the 1980 massacre of pro-democracy demonstrators in Kwangju. Prosecutors tried to obtain his testimony on the cases during their second visit to his home in Seoul on Saturday. In a statement addressed to the people issued later by his lawyer, Choi said he refused to cooperate in the investigation for fear that his testimony may be used for political purposes and hinder future presidents in the performance of their duties. Choi said he voluntarily resigned as president in August 1980 to take 'political and moral' responsibility for the Kwangju incident. He thus denied rumors that he stepped down under pressure from his successor, former President Chun Doo Hwan, who is now in detention on charges of military revolt in connection with the coup. The prosecution has launched an investigation into allegations that Choi received money from Chun, local news reports said. The prosecution is believed to have seized data on two bank accounts opened in the name of Choi's wife Hong Ki to trace the flow of money. Document 313 Copyright 1995 U.P.I. United Press International December 15, 1995, Friday, BC cycle SECTION: International LENGTH: 329 words HEADLINE: Prime Minister replaced in Seoul DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec. 15 BODY: President Kim Young-sam replaced his premier Friday in a move designed to shore up his flagging popularity before parliamentary elections slated for next April. The president fired Prime Minister Lee Hong-koo and replaced him with Lee Soo-song, president of Seoul National University. Political analysts said a large-scale cabinet reshuffle is expected to follow the new appointment shortly. South Korea's political world has been rocked by a series of scandals involving two former presidents, held on charges of insurrection and corruption. Analysts said Kim's decision to reshuffle the Cabinet is aimed at preparing for the elections next April, which will be held amidst ongoing political aftershocks. Former President Chun Doo-hwan has been held at a prison since Dec. 3 on charges that he masterminded a military coup in 1979 and then carried out a brutal crackdown on a Kwangjun civilian uprising in 1980. Chun will be charged under a special law punishing those responsible for causing the Kwangju massacre in 1980. The pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Kwangju left 200 dead and 1,000 injured. That special law is expected to be enacted this month, analysts said. The Constitutional Court in Seoul Friday terminated its review of the prosecution's decision not to indict those implicated. The court's announcement followed the appellants' withdrawal of their appeal against the prosecution's decision late last month. Under the special law, Chun and another jailed ex-President named Roh Tae-woo will be charged with their roles in a military coup in 1979. Chun is continuing a hunger strike in prison to show his resistance to the government of President Kim. Roh's first trial is scheduled for Monday. He will be tried on charges that he took $370 million in bribes from businessmen in return for aprroving lucrative government-backed contracts while he was premier. Document 314 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 12, 1995 04:57 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 747 words HEADLINE: Kim vows to uproot legacy of military rule BODY: By Zeno Park SEOUL, Dec 12 - President Kim Young-Sam marked the 16th anniversary of South Korea's 1979 military putsch on Tuesday, pledging to root out the remains of former military regimes, as prosecutors stepped up their probe into the coup. In a statement read out by a spokesman on national television, Kim called the ongoing crackdown on the coup plotters "a glorious revolution" which would help restore national self-esteem. "I will carry out this task by overcoming any reactionary and undemocratic challenges with a firm belief that we have set out on the course of laying the foundation for a second nation-building," Kim said. "We must get rid of the remains of military culture and the spectres of coup d'etat in order to protect the democracy that we have achieved with blood, sweat and tears," he said. Last month, in a stunning policy turnaround, Kim yielded to pressure to cut ties with his ruling coalition partners, former dictators Chun Doo-Hwan and Roh Tae-Woo, and jailed them on mutiny and corruption charges. Roh was jailed on November 16 after admitting to raising 650 million dollars in a slush fund while in office from 1988 to 1993. Chun followed Roh to prison on December 2, on charges of masterminding the 1979 coup. ON Tuesday he finished the 10th day of a hunger strike in his prison cell, refusing food and only drinking barley tea. "My father is consirably weakened by starving," one of Chun's three sons told journalists after a visit to Anyang Prison in the southern suburbs of Seoul. "He takes little exercise and spends time reading the (Buddha's) Diamond Script and poems ... Today, he expressed concern over (the country's) security issue, worrying over North Korea," said Chun's second son, Jaeyong. Chun's wife, Lee Sun-Ja, finished her sixth day of prayer for her husband at a remote Buddhist temple for her husband, Yonhap news agency said. The 1979 coup triggered a pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Kwangju the following year, which was crushed by troops leaving atleast 200 people dead and more than 1,000 others injured. Kim tried to justify the reversal of his earlier decision, to bury the past for national reconciliation in favor of "rectifying past wrongs", by citing the uncovering of Roh's illegal stash and an unrepenting Chun. Two prosecutors visited Choi at his residence but he persistently refused to talk about the coup. Dong-A, a respected daily in Seoul, quoted government sources as saying prosecutors will indict some 10 others, including Roh, on charges of leading the coup. The civilian government of Kim Young-Sam now brands the successful coup a military mutiny. A group of 30 human right activists burned an effigy of Chun outside the Anyang prison and urged ex-president Choi to reveal the truth about the coup, witnesses said. In Kwangju, some 500 students marched through the city, calling on the government to name a special prosecutor for a thorough investigation of the coup and subsequent Kwangju massacre, Yonhap news agency said. Document 315 Copyright 1995 Kyodo News Service Japan Economic Newswire DECEMBER 12, 1995, TUESDAY LENGTH: 484 words HEADLINE: S. Korea's Kim seeks popular support for coup probe DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec. 12 Kyodo BODY: President Kim Young Sam sought popular support Tuesday for his efforts to 'set straight the historical record' by punishing those responsible for a 1979 coup and a later military crackdown on a popular uprising. In a statement read by the Presidential Spokesman Yun Yeo Joon, Kim said 'any acts to destroy the constitutional order should be sternly punished so as to make the nation governed by law.' He also emphasized that the people should make efforts to 'break corrupt links between political power and businesses to create a clean and fair society.' The president issued the statement to mark the 16th anniversary of the Dec. 12, 1979 mutiny, in which a group of military officers led by Chun Doo Hwan and Roh Tae Woo -- who both became presidents later -- overthrew their superiors by force and eventually seized political power. Kim ordered the ruling New Korea Party -- which recently changed its name from the Democratic Liberal Party -- late last month to introduce special legislation allowing the prosecution of those responsible for the coup and the subsequent killing of civilians in the southern city of Kwangju. It was the first time for Kim to touch upon the detention and indictment of former presidents Chun and Roh. 'We should cast off the remnants of past military dictatorship courageously and also dispel the ghost of any military coup permanently in order to preserve democracy achieved by blood, sweat and tears,' Kim said. Kim, the first South Korean president with no military background, was elected in a popular vote in December 1992. Referring to Roh's slush fund scandal, Kim said, 'illicit accumulation of a huge fortune by a former president, which is far beyond imagination, greatly shocked the nation and also impaired the nation's image.' Roh in October admitted amassing 500 billion won (about 625 million U.S. dollars) in a slush fund while in office. He was indicted Dec. 5 on charges of taking 283.9 billion won (about 355 million dollars) from 35 businesses in return for awarding lucrative government projects. Kim said he had to order an investigation after finding out that corruption involving former presidents was rooted in the 1979 military mutiny and the Kwangju incident. 'We cannot leave these shameful things unheeded just in the name of promoting national reconciliation,' Kim said, in an apparent effort to explain why he ordered legal action taken against Chun. Chun was arrested early this month on charges of military rebellion 16 years ago and is being detained in Anyang Prison for interrogation. Prosecutors have launched a massive probe into the Dec. 12, 1979, mutiny and the subsequent Kwangju crackdown, in which, according to the official estimate, at least 192 people were gunned down or beaten to death by troops. Opposition groups and Kwangju residents claim the death toll was as high as 2,000. Document 316 Copyright 1995 Kyodo News Service Japan Economic Newswire DECEMBER 12, 1995, TUESDAY LENGTH: 374 words HEADLINE: Prosecutors summon Chun's aide Chang for questioning DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec. 12 Kyodo BODY: Prosecutors Tuesday summoned Chang Se Dong, chief bodyguard of former President Chun Doo Hwan while in office, for questioning over his alleged role in a 1979 coup involving former Presidents Chun and Roh Tae Woo, news reports said. Chang was chief of the presidential security guards and later head of the nation's intelligence organization known as the Agency for National Security Planning during Chun's 1980-88 term. A special team at the Seoul District Prosecutors Office is reportedly probing Chang's alleged involvement in collecting Chun's slush fund from companies as well as his role in the Dec. 12 mutiny. Arriving at the prosecution, Chang read a brief prepared statement denying the allegations that the Dec. 12 incident was a premeditated conspiracy aimed at usurping military power by force. Chang said the incident was just part of an investigation into then army chief of staff Chung Seung Hwa's involvement in the assassination of then President Park Chung Hee. The Dec. 12 incident was seen as a military coup, in which a group of military officers, including former Presidents Chun and Roh, arrested Chung, who was also martial law commander, following the social unrest created by the murder of Park. Chung was accused by his subordinates of assisting and abetting the murder of Park by the intelligence agency chief Oct. 26 of that year. Chang's summons was part of an ongoing full investigation into the coup and the subsequent military crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrators in the southern city of Kwangju the following year. Former President Chun was arrested Dec. 2 on charges of military rebellion 16 years ago and detained for interrogation in Anyang Prison in a Seoul suburb. The arrest of Chun was made possible as President Kim Young Sam late last month ordered the reopening of a thorough probe into the case and also the legislation of a special law to prosecute those responsible for the coup and the Kwangju incident. Roh Tae Woo, Chun's successor as president, was indicted Dec. 5 on charges of taking 283.9 billion won (about 355 million dollars) in bribes from 35 companies in return for awarding lucrative government contracts during his 1988-1993 presidential term. Document 317 Copyright 1995 Deutsche Presse-Agentur Deutsche Presse-Agentur December 11, 1995, Monday, BC Cycle 11:06 Central European Time SECTION: International News LENGTH: 800 words HEADLINE: South Korean inquiry widened to include jet maker General Dynamics DATELINE: Seoul BODY: A South Korean inquiry into top-level corruption was widened Monday to take in the U.S. defence contractor General Dynamics, which is suspected of paying kickbacks to secure a major sale of fighter jets. Kim Yong Ho, the Korean chief executive of the South Korean branch of General Dynamics, was interrogated by prosecutors in Seoul about whether the firm bribed its way to a deal over 120 F-16 jets for the South Korean air force. In a related development, justice sources said prosecutors plan to charge detained former President Chun Doo Hwan by December 21 with bribe-taking and with mutiny for leading the December 1979 coup. According to unconfirmed Korean radio reports, Chun received bribes during his 1980-to-1988 tenure totalling 650 million dollars. Chun, 64, was arrested on December 3 for refusing to submit to questioning by prosecutors about his role in the coup and the May 1980 massacre of some 200 pro-democracy demonstrators in the city of Kwangju. The former president has been on a prison hunger strike in protest over his treatment. Chun became president shortly after the coup and his military-backed government ruled until 1988. Also in custody since November 16 is former President Roh Tae Woo, who succeeded Chun and who is to face trial on corruption charges on December 18 along with seven of the country's leading industrialists. Prosecutors have charged Roh, 63, with receiving more than 300 million dollars in bribes from business leaders during his five-year term of office. Prosecutors said they would interrogate a third former president, Choi Kyu Hah, at his home on Tuesday after his attorney said he was too sick to go to prosecutors for an interview. Officials said Monday they needed Choi's testimony to prosecute Chun over the coup. Both Chun and Roh are thought to have ordered the Kwangju massacre. Choi Kyu Hah was briefly promoted from premier to president after President Park Chung Hee was assassinated in October 1979 before giving way to Chun. Prosecutors are trying to prove that Roh changed at the last minute a 1990 cabinet decision to buy F/A-18 jets from McDonnell Douglas of the United States for the South Korean air force. Instead Seoul suddenly bought 120 F-16 jets from General Dynamics in 1991. Opposition activists claim kickbacks totalling 200 billion won (260 million dollars) were paid to politicians to change the contract, which was ultimately signed by then defence minister Lee Jong Koo. Lee has told prosecutors that Roh changed the order. Roh, who retired in 1993, is also accused of taking 283 billion won (over 300 million dollars) in bribes from big South Korean conglomerates. Document 318 The Associated Press December 10, 1995, Sunday, BC cycle ADVANCED-DATE: December 5, 1995, Tuesday, BC cycle SECTION: Sports News LENGTH: 379 words HEADLINE: South Korea Passing Tough Tests in Course on Democracy BYLINE: By PAUL ALEXANDER, Associated Press Writer DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: South Korea's rocky road to democracy could be summed up by the adage: "Anything that doesn't kill you makes you stronger." Its latest political trauma is the best proof of how far it has come. While two former military presidents slip deeper into trouble, perhaps facing years in prison, the country's powerful armed forces are standing quietly aside. Ex-president Roh Tae-woo was arrested last month on charges related to an alleged $ 650 million "slush fund" collected from South Korean businesses. His predecessor, Chun Doo-hwan, was arrested earlier this month on charges that he came to power in 1980 via an illegal coup. The former generals may also be prosecuted in connection with the bloody military suppression of a pro-democracy uprising in Kwangju in 1980. Through its bold actions, the civilian government is taking on the longstanding collusion between South Korean politicians and businessmen, and may help heal the wounds left by the Kwangju massacre. South Korea, which has made great strides economically since the 1960s, has undergone a political transformation as well in the past decade, moving from military authoritarianism to civilian democracy. Roh played a key role, accepting the public demand for direct popular election in 1987, when he was President Chun's choice as successor. His foes missed their chance, however, running two major candidates, splitting the opposition vote and handing the presidency to Roh. He proved more tolerant of dissent than his predecessors, and in 1992 the march to democracy passed a landmark: Kim Young-sam, a former opposition leader who allied with Roh's party, was elected as the first civilian president in more than three decades. Kim has embarked on further reforms. But restrictions remain. South Koreans are prohibited, for example, from any contact with communist North Korea, under a law that past governments were said to have abused to arrest opponents. Kim, who once vowed to repeal it, now says the National Security Law is needed to fight North Korean efforts to topple the government. The statute no longer seems to cast a shadow over dissent, however. Protests over a variety of causes, sometimes violent, occur almost weekly in major cities. End Adv for Sunday, Dec. 10 Document 319 The Associated Press December 9, 1995, Saturday, AM cycle SECTION: International News LENGTH: 374 words HEADLINE: South Korea Passing Tough Tests in Course on Democracy BYLINE: By PAUL ALEXANDER, Associated Press Writer DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: South Korea's rocky road to democracy could be summed up by the adage: "Anything that doesn't kill you makes you stronger." Its latest political trauma is the best proof of how far it has come. While two former military presidents slip deeper into trouble, perhaps facing years in prison, the country's powerful armed forces are standing quietly aside. Ex-president Roh Tae-woo was arrested last month on charges related to an alleged $ 650 million "slush fund" collected from South Korean businesses. His predecessor, Chun Doo-hwan, was arrested earlier this month on charges that he came to power in 1980 via an illegal coup. The former generals may also be prosecuted in connection with the bloody military suppression of a pro-democracy uprising in Kwangju in 1980. Through its bold actions, the civilian government is taking on the longstanding collusion between South Korean politicians and businessmen, and may help heal the wounds left by the Kwangju massacre. South Korea, which has made great strides economically since the 1960s, has undergone a political transformation as well in the past decade, moving from military authoritarianism to civilian democracy. Roh played a key role, accepting the public demand for direct popular election in 1987, when he was President Chun's choice as successor. His foes missed their chance, however, running two major candidates, splitting the opposition vote and handing the presidency to Roh. He proved more tolerant of dissent than his predecessors, and in 1992 the march to democracy passed a landmark: Kim Young-sam, a former opposition leader who allied with Roh's party, was elected as the first civilian president in more than three decades. Kim has embarked on further reforms. But restrictions remain. South Koreans are prohibited, for example, from any contact with communist North Korea, under a law that past governments were said to have abused to arrest opponents. Kim, who once vowed to repeal it, now says the National Security Law is needed to fight North Korean efforts to topple the government. The statute no longer seems to cast a shadow over dissent, however. Protests over a variety of causes, sometimes violent, occur almost weekly in major cities. Document 320 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 08, 1995; Friday 20:50 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 378 words BYLINE: PAUL ALEXANDER DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: South Korea's rocky road to democracy could be summed up by the adage: ''Anything that doesn't kill you makes you stronger.'' Its latest political trauma is the best proof of how far it has come. While two former military presidents slip deeper into trouble, perhaps facing years in prison, the country's powerful armed forces are standing quietly aside. Ex-president Roh Tae-woo was arrested last month on charges related to an alleged dlrs 650 million ''slush fund'' collected from South Korean businesses. His predecessor, Chun Doo-hwan, was arrested earlier this month on charges that he came to power in 1980 via an illegal coup. The former generals may also be prosecuted in connection with the bloody military suppression of a pro-democracy uprising in Kwangju in 1980. Through its bold actions, the civilian government is taking on the longstanding collusion between South Korean politicians and businessmen, and may help heal the wounds left by the Kwangju massacre. South Korea, which has made great strides economically since the 1960s, has undergone a political transformation as well in the past decade, moving from military authoritarianism to civilian democracy. Roh played a key role, accepting the public demand for direct popular election in 1987, when he was President Chun's choice as successor. His foes missed their chance, however, running two major candidates, splitting the opposition vote and handing the presidency to Roh. He proved more tolerant of dissent than his predecessors, and in 1992 the march to democracy passed a landmark: Kim Young-sam, a former opposition leader who allied with Roh's party, was elected as the first civilian president in more than three decades. Kim has embarked on further reforms. But restrictions remain. South Koreans are prohibited, for example, from any contact with communist North Korea, under a law that past governments were said to have abused to arrest opponents. Kim, who once vowed to repeal it, now says the National Security Law is needed to fight North Korean efforts to topple the government. The statute no longer seems to cast a shadow over dissent, however. Protests over a variety of causes, sometimes violent, occur almost weekly in major cities. Document 321 Copyright 1995 Kyodo News Service Japan Economic Newswire DECEMBER 8, 1995, FRIDAY LENGTH: 331 words HEADLINE: Ex-President Choi asked to appear before prosecutors DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec. 8 Kyodo BODY: Former South Korean President Choi Kyu Hah on Friday was requested to appear before prosecutors as a reference witness in a full-scale probe into the 1979 military coup and later military crackdown on a popular uprising. A special probe team in the Seoul District Prosecutors Office delivered a written summons to Choi through his personal secretary requesting that Choi meet with the prosecution at 3 p.m. Saturday or 11 a.m. Monday, Yonhap News Agency reported. Choi became acting president after the murder of then President Park Chung Hee on Oct. 26, 1979, and was in office when a group of military officers staged the coup in December. Then Defense Security Commader Gen. Chun Doo Hwan took power in the coup. Chun crushed a civilian protest in the southern city of Kwangju in May 1980. According to the official estimate, at least 192 people were gunned down or beaten to death in the 10 days of bloodshed in the Kwangju incident. Opposition groups claim the actual death toll was as high as 2,000. Choi has refused to give a detailed account of what happened at the time although his testimony on the incident nearly 15 years ago is considered key to uncovering the truth of the coup and the subsequent massacre in Kwangju. Choi's secretary was quoted in the report as saying he would convey the summons to the former president who has reportedly been suffering from severe pain in the back and knees. It is not known if the former president will accept the summons because he has repeatedly said he will reveal the whole story only in his memoirs to be published in the future. Chun, once a military general who headed the investigation team into Park's assassination, is suspected to have threatened Choi and forced him to step down for Chun's eventual rise to the presidency. Chun was arrested Sunday on charges of military rebellion and has been detained in Anyang Prison for interrogation in connection with his alleged role in the incident. Document 322 Copyright 1995 U.P.I. United Press International December 7, 1995, Thursday, BC cycle SECTION: International LENGTH: 299 words HEADLINE: Ex-President Chun fasts at prison DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec. 7 BODY: Imprisoned former South Korean President Chun Doo-hwan fasted for a fifth day Thursday to show his resistance against the government of current President Kim Young-sam. ''Chun did not have any food for the fifth day in a row,'' Lee Yang- woo, Chun's lawyer said. ''But his refusal of meals does not involve political purposes.'' Chun's fast, however, was regarded as a protest against Kim, who ordered Chun's arrest on insurrection charges in a move political sources say was motivated by politics. Prosecutors, meanwhile, continued their investigation into a military coup in 1979 and a brutal crackdown on a pro-democracy uprising in 1980, questioning former Army officers who allegedly played a key role in the two incidents. Prosecution sources said that of 38 people believed involved in the attempted coup, including Chun and former President Roh Tae-woo who are already jailed, five or six more are expected to be arrested, prosecution sources said. After grilling three former army officers involved in the coup, the prosecutors Thursday supponed former army Chief of Staff Chung Seung-hwa for questioning about his Dec. 12, 1979 arrest by reformist officers led by then-Maj. Gen. Chun Doo-hwan. After the successful military coup, Chun arrested opposition politicians and imposed nationwide martial law, which touched off the 1980 civilian uprising in Kwangju, 170 miles (274 km) south of Seoul. According to official counts, at least 200 people were killed and 1, 000 more injured in the bloody suppression of that uprising. Students and citizens have demanded harsh punishment for those responsible for the Kwangju massacre, including Chun and his successor, Roh, who is charged with taking $370 million in bribes while in office. Document 323 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 06, 1995 00:00 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 934 words HEADLINE: Conservative opposition politician questioned over military mutiny BODY: SEOUL, Dec 6 - Prosecutors on Wednesday questioned a leading legislator of South Korea's conservative opposition party on his role in a 1979 military mutiny headed by jailed ex-president Chun Doo-Hwan. Park Jun-Byung of the United Liberal Democrats (ULD) was interrogated as to how Chun and his rebel troops plotted the mutiny, which preceded the brutal military suppression of a civil uprising in the southern city of Kwangju, prosecutors said. Park, a former general who led his division forces to suppress the 1980 Kwangju uprising, was the first incumbent lawmaker taken to prosecutors since Chun was arrested on Sunday on mutiny and murder charges. Park was on a prosecutors' list of 35 former army officers who helped Chun seize power. Dissidents have demanded Park's arrest, branding him one of the five main culprits in the Kwangju massacre. His interrogation came after the prosecution released Yoo Hak-Seong, a former general who served as intelligence chief in 1980. Yoo was detained overnight for questioning on his role in the mutiny. Since Chun was taken to jail on Sunday, five former militlary leaders, including Park and a former defense minister, have been questioned. The prosecution has accused Chun of heading the mutiny between December 1979 and May 1980. He has also been accused of masterminding the massacre of some 200 demonstrators in Kwangju in May 1980. But Chun has denied the charges, contending his action was necessary for his investigation into the assassination of then dictator Park Chung-Hee. Prosecutors say they are considering slapping a travel ban on dozens of former army officers and others involved in the mutiny and the 1980 massacre as Chun has remained silent after interrogations on Sunday. Prison authorities said Chun seemed increasingly anxious about his future, spending most of his prision life in what appeared to be deep thought. "Chun looked pale and tired ... apparently shocked by his swift imprisonment," a prison official was quoted as saying. "My father did not lose appetite. But he has been eating only milk and barley tea," Chun's son, Chun Jae-Koo, told reporters after visiting his father on Tuesday. cwl/bl South Korea's ruling coalition developed major cracks Tuesday as followers of two jailed former presidents said they intended to quit key party posts. Chairman Kim Yoon-Hwan of the Democratic Liberal Party (DLP) told journalists he would tell President Kim Young-Sam when they meet later Tuesday of a "situation where I cannot carry out my duty." Three other holders of key DLP posts, including the politically important Taegu City chapter head Kang Jae-Sup, also said they planned to resign in protest against the jailing of Chun Doo-Hwan and Roh Tae-Woo. The DLP chairman said there was mounting opposition from conservatives in the former leaders' home provinces of North Kyongsang and its capital, Taegu, over the methods and precedures used for dealing with the ex-generals-turned-presidents. In a stunning policy reversal, Kim Young-Sam last month ordered the enactment of a special law to punish Chun and Roh and their 1979 military coup colleagues for mutineering and massacring pro-democracy protestors in Kwangju. Before winning the 1992 presidential election he had urged South Koreans for the sake of national unity to leave judgement of the former presidents -- who helped him get elected -- "to history" and not the courts. Kim Young-Sam has also called for the ruling DLP to change its name to distance itself from Roh and Chun and be reborn as a new party, which will be tentatively named the "New Korea Party." Roh has been in jail since November 16 on charges of milking millions of dollars from businesses. Chun was also jailed on Sunday on charges of masterminding the 1979 military mutiny, which led to the massacre in the southwestern city of Kwangju in which 200 died and more than 1,000 were wounded by official count. Followers of Chun and Roh come chiefly from the politically important eastern province of North Kyongsang and account for a major proportion of the ruling elite. Document 324 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 06, 1995 01:02 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 2200 words HEADLINE: Chun on hunger strike in prison, probe widens into 1979 coup BODY: By C.W. Lim SEOUL, Dec 6 - Former South Korean president Chun Doo-Hwan has launched a hunger protest in his prison cell, his aides said Wednesday, as the authorities stepped up a probe into Chun's rise to power 16 years ago. Chun was stunned after he was imprisoned in Sunday, and seems to have slumped into morbid contemplation, bitter at what he considers an act of betrayal by President Kim Young-Sam, the sources said. "Mr. Chun launched a progressive hunger strike after he was jailed early on Sunday," Chun's lawyer, Lee Yang-Woo, told journalists after visiting the ex-president at Anyang prison, in Seoul's southern suburbs. Chun refused all food and drink except milk and barley tea after he was incarcerated, and from Wednesday began to accept only barley tea, Lee said. "Why should I stay alive in these circumstances?" he quoted Chun as saying. Chun's eldest son, Chun Jae-Kook, told reporters: "I asked my father to stop fasting. But he refused to listen." Chun agreed not to launch a crash hunger strike for health reasons and decided to intensify the protest gradually, his lawyer said. The prison authorities, concerned about Chun's unexpected fast, promised to conduct medical checks. But one jail official said Chun seemed increasingly anxious, spending the day deep in thought or reading Buddhist books, often staring into the air, mumbling to himself and grimacing. "Chun looked pale and tired... apparently shocked by his swift imprisonment," the official said. The former president, who still has followers in the ruling Democratic Liberal Party (DLP), launched the hunger strike after President Kim broke a promise that he would not be punished for his record, Lee said. He has also challenged Kim, former dissident, to explain how he could punish his two predecessors after allying himself with them to win the 1992 presidential race. Chun's predecessor, Roh Tae-Woo, is already in jail on graft charges. Chun is charged with heading a 1979 mutiny that triggered a pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Kwangju that was bloodily repressed, with the death of some 200 people. Chun stepped down in 1988 and went into internal exile for two years in a remote Buddhist temple to atone for his past. The hunger strike is a traditional form of protest used by human rights activists and leftwingers in South Korea to draw attention to their cause. Meanwhile, prosecutors stepped up an inquiry into former military officers who helped Chun seize power. Park Jun-Byung, a leading legislator in the conservative opposition party, the United Liberal Democrats (ULD), was interrogated as to how Chun and fellow rebels in the military plotted the 1979 coup. Park is a former general whose division helped to suppress the Kwangju uprising in May 1980. Six former military leaders, including Park and a former defense minister, have been questioned since Sunday. Along with the Kwangju inquiry, the prosecution also launched an intensive investigation Wednesday into funds allegedly transferred to politicians by former president Roh Tae-Woo. But the prosecution refused to confirm‎ news reports that a fresh probe had uncovered another slush fund allegedly amassed by Chun while in office. Prosecutors suspect the slush funds of the two ex-presidents are closely intertwined, and believe Chun may still be holding a secret fund. Chun surrendered 17 million dollars to the state when he went into internal exile. The opposition accuses Kim of exploiting the slush-fund scandal in the hope of dealing a knockout blow to their champions, Kim Dae-Jung and Kim Jong-Pil, before parliamentary elections due next April. cwl-ckp/ri By C.W. Lim SEOUL, Dec 6 - Former South Korean president Chun Doo-Hwan has launched a hunger strike in his prison cell, vowing to risk his life for the "legitimacy" of his eight-year tenure, his aides said Wednesday. "I will sacrifice myself to defend the legimacy of my rule," Chun declared through his aides, as prosecutors stepped up a probe into his rise to power 16 years ago. Chun feels bitter at what he considers an act of betrayal by President Kim Young-Sam, his lawyer Lee Yang-Woo said after visiting the ex-president at Anyang prison in Seoul's southern suburbs. Chun, a former general, has launched a progressive hunger strike since he was imprisoned on Sunday, and now seems to have slumped into morbid introspection, the lawyer said. The hunger strike is a traditional form of protest used by human rights activists and leftwingers in South Korea to draw attention to their cause. Chun, 64, refused all food and drink except milk and barley tea after he was incarcerated, and from Wednesday began to accept only barley tea, Lee said, adding the disgraced ex-president was ready to intensify the protest gradually. "Why should I stay alive in these circumstances?" the ex-president was quoted as saying. Chun's eldest son, Chun Jae-Kook, told reporters: "I asked my father to stop fasting. But he refused to listen." The prison authorities, concerned about Chun's unexpected fast, promised to conduct medical checks. But one jail official said Chun seemed increasingly anxious, spending the day deep in thought or reading Buddhist books, often staring into the air, mumbling to himself and grimacing. "Chun looked pale and tired... apparently shocked by his swift imprisonment," the official said. The former president, who still has followers in the ruling New Korea Party (NKP), launched the hunger strike after President Kim broke a promise that he would not be punished for his record, his aides said. In his statement on Wednesday, Chun challenged Kim, a former dissident, not to use him as a political scapegoat, demanding the president explain how he could punish his two predecessors after he had in fact allied with them to win the 1992 presidential race. "The tragic Kwangju incident should not be used for political gains," Chun said. Chun is charged with heading a 1979 mutiny that triggered a pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Kwangju, which was bloodily repressed with the death of some 200 people. His predecessor, Roh Tae-Woo, is already in jail on graft charges. After Chun stepped down in 1988, he surrendered 17 million dollars to the state and went into internal exile for two years in a remote Buddhist temple to atone for his past. Meanwhile, prosecutors on Wednesday questioned three former army officers including Park Jun-Byung, a leading legislator in the conservative opposition party, the United Liberal Democrats (ULD). Park is a former general whose division helped to suppress the Kwangju uprising in May 1980. Eight former military leaders, including Park and a former defense minister, have been questioned since Sunday. Along with the Kwangju inquiry, the prosecution also opened a fresh probe into another slush fund allegedly amassed by Chun while in office in parellel with an intensive investigation into funds allegedly transferred to politicians by Roh. Prosecutors suspect the slush funds of the two ex-presidents are closely intertwined. They also believe Chun may still be holding a secret fund. The opposition accuses the ruling party of exploiting the slush-fund scandal in the hope of dealing a knockout blow to two opposition leaders Kim Dae-Jung and Kim Jong-Pil before parliamentary elections due next April. cwl/ri South Korea's ruling party on Wednesday changed its name, calling itself the "New Korea Party," in a bid to distance itself from two disgraced former generals-turned-president, a spokesman said. The name change followed President Kim Young-Sam's order last month that the ruling party adopt a new title after coalition colleague and former president Roh Tae-Woo was jailed for corruption. Roh has been in jail since November 16 on charges of milking millions of dollars from businesses. Roh's predecessor and 1979 military coup colleague, Chun Doo-Hwan, was jailed on Sunday on charges of leading the coup and massacring pro-democracy protestors in Kwangju in 1980. The ruling coalition came into existence in 1990 when Kim Young-Sam ended decades in opposition and joined forces with Roh and Chun, a political gamble which paid off when Kim won the 1992 presidential poll. The jailing of the two former strongmen has taken a toll on the ruling party, with key party office holders seeking to quit their posts or bolt from the coaliton. ckp/bl SEOUL, Dec 6 - South Korea's ruling party on Wednesday changed its name, calling itself the "New Korea Party," in a bid to distance itself from two disgraced former generals-turned-president, a spokesman said. The name change followed President Kim Young-Sam's order last month that the Democratic Liberal Party adopt a new title after coalition colleague and former president Roh Tae-Woo was jailed for corruption. Roh has been in jail since November 16 on charges of milking millions of dollars from businesses. Roh's predecessor and 1979 military coup colleague, Chun Doo-Hwan, was jailed on Sunday on charges of leading the coup and massacring pro-democracy protestors in Kwangju in 1980. The ruling coalition came into existence in 1990 when Kim Young-Sam ended decades in opposition and joined forces with Roh and Chun, a political gamble which paid off when Kim won the 1992 presidential poll. The jailing of the two former strongmen has taken a toll on the ruling party, with key party office holders seeking to quit their posts or bolt from the coaliton. ckp/bl Document 325 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 06, 1995 06:55 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 987 words HEADLINE: Chun on hunger strike in prison DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec 6 BODY: Jailed ex-president Chun Doo-Hwan is refusing food in protest against incumbent President Kim Young-Sam's breach of his promise not to punish him, his aides said Wednesday. "Mr Chun has launched a gradual hunger strike since he was jailed on early Sunday," Chun's lawyer Lee Yang-Woo told journalists. "We persuaded him not to launch a crash hunger strike for health reasons, and he agreed to phase it over several days," Lee said. Chun has been refusing to eat meals and drinking only milk and barley tea, triggering concern among prison wards at Anyang Prison, local press reports said. "It is not because my father has lost appetite that he does not eat," Chun's eldest son, Chun Jae-Kook, told reporters after visiting his father on Tuesday. The ex-president was jailed on Sunday on charges of heading a mutiny in 1979 which was followed in March of 1980 by the crushing by junta troops of a pro-democracy uprising in the southwestern city of Kwangju. Some 200 people died and more than 1,000 were injured in the Kwangju massacre. Prison authorities said Chun seemed increasingly anxious about his future. He spends the day in deep thought, staring in the air, mumbling to himself and making faces, said one. "Chun looked pale and tired ... apparently shocked by his swift imprisonment," a prison official was quoted as saying. In 1983, Kim Young-Sam risked his life by starving for 23 days. President Chun Doo-Hwan agreed to free him from three-years of house arrest and allow limited democratic reforms. Hunger strikes are a traditional form of protests used by human rights activists and leftists in South Korea, aimed at dramatizing their cause and pressing demands for improvement of their treatment in prison. cwl-ckp/pvh SEOUL, Dec 6 - Former South Korean president Chun Doo-Hwan has launched a hunger protest in his prison cell and is morbidly contemplating death, bitter at what he sees as betrayal by President Kim Young-Sam, his aides said Wednesday. "Mr. Chun launched a progressive hunger strike after he was jailed early on Sunday," Chun's lawyer, Lee Yang-Woo, told journalists. Chun refused all food and drink except milk and barley tea after he was sent to Anyang prison here, and from Wednesday began to accept only barley tea, Lee said. Lee lawyer visited the ex-president on Wednesday and quoted him as saying: "Why should I stay alive in these circumstances?" Chun's eldest son, Chun Jae-Kook, told reporters: "I asked my father to stop fasting. But he refused to listen." Chun agreed not to launch a crash hunger strike for health reasons and decided to intensify the protest gradually, his lawyer said. The prison authorities, concerned about Chun's unexpected fast, promised to conduct medical checks. But one jail official said the prison authorities said Chun seemed increasingly anxious, apparently stunned by the dramatic turn of events. He was spending the day in deep thought or reading Buddhist books, often staring in the air, mumbling to himself and grimacing, the official said. "Chun looked pale and tired ... apparently shocked by his swift imprisonment," the official said. The former president, who still has followers in the ruling Democratic Liberal Party (DLP), has accused Kim of breaking a promise that he would not be punished for his record. He has also challenged Kim, former dissident, to explain how he could punish his two predecessors after allying himself with them to win the 1992 presidential race. Chun's predecessor, Roh Tae-Woo, is already in jail on graft charges. Chun is charged with heading a 1979 mutiny that triggered a pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Kwangju in May 1980 that was bloodily repressed, with the death of some 200 people. Chun stepped down in 1988 and went into internal exile for two years in a remote Buddhist temple to atone for his past. In 1983, Kim Young-Sam risked his life by starving for 23 days. Chun agreed to release him from three years of house arrest and allow limited democratic reforms. Document 326 Copyright 1995 Kyodo News Service Japan Economic Newswire DECEMBER 6, 1995, WEDNESDAY LENGTH: 322 words HEADLINE: Lawmaker Park summoned in probe of Kwangju incident DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec. 6 Kyodo BODY: Prosecutors on Wednesday summoned Park Jun Byung, a lawmaker and vice chairman of the splinter United Liberal Democrats, for questioning in connection with his alleged role in a 1979 military coup and the suppression of the 1980 Kwangju uprising. Park has become the first incumbent legislator to be questioned in connection with in the incidents. The summons of Park is part of a comprehensive investigation into the case, which began Monday with the calling in for questioning of former Defense Minister Roh Jae Hyun. News reports said prosecutors planned to question more than 30 people, including former military officers, to fully probe the incidents that took place nearly 15 years ago. Former President Chun Doo Hwan was arrested Sunday for allegedly masterminding the coup. Chun, and Chun's successor as president, Roh Tae Woo, are said to have led the military revolt, through which they were thrust to political power, and a later crackdown on a civil uprising against the government. Roh was officially indicted Tuesday on unrelated charges of taking bribes while in office worth a total of about 283.9 billion won (about 355 million dollars). Prosecutors are reportedly focusing their probe into Park's role in the planning of the 1979 coup, and in the repression of a civil uprising in May 1980, when riot police and soldiers opened fire on demonstrators in Kwangju, killing at least 192 and injuring more than 1,000 by official counts. Opposition groups claim the actual death toll was as high as 2,000 people. Park was then a divisional commander and his troops were mobilized to break up protests in the southern city of Kwangju, but told reporters Wednesday that he had simply been obeying his superiors' orders at the time of the incident, according to Yonhap News Agency. Arriving at the prosecutors' office, Park said he would cooperate in the investigation, according to Yonhap. Document 327 Copyright 1995 Kyodo News Service Japan Economic Newswire DECEMBER 6, 1995, WEDNESDAY LENGTH: 224 words HEADLINE: Kyodo news summary DATELINE: TOKYO, Dec. 6 Kyodo BODY: -- The federal government has moved to ban HIV-positive people from joining the Australian Defense Force to ensure its personnel are the fittest in the community, Defense Science and Personnel Minister Gary Punch said. -- The disapproval rate for the cabinet of Japan's Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama increased to 37% in December, the highest level since Murayama took office in June 1994, according to an opinion poll released by the Mainichi Shimbun. -- Criminals in Brazil have found a new way of making money -- charging a 'preransom' to wealthy people threatened with kidnapping, police say. -- Greenpeace International said it has filed an appeal against a decision of a Tahiti court not to order the French military to return two ships and a helicopter seized during the September Mururoa Atoll protests. -- The crash of a small plane on the outskirts of Nairobi last December, in which five people died including two Japanese reporters, was caused by the pilot's lack of experience and by bad weather, Kenya's Transport and Communication Ministry has concluded. -- South Korean prosecutors summoned Park Jun Byung, a lawmaker and vice chairman of the splinter United Liberal Democrats, for questioning in connection with his alleged role in a 1979 military coup and the suppression of the 1980 Kwangju uprising. Document 328 Copyright 1995 Kyodo News Service Japan Economic Newswire DECEMBER 5, 1995, TUESDAY LENGTH: 379 words HEADLINE: Prosecutors probing Chun's alleged illicit fortune DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec. 5 Kyodo BODY: Prosecutors are probing an illicit fortune allegedly amassed by former President Chun Doo Hwan, who was arrested Sunday over his involvement in a 1979 military mutiny and bloody repression of a 1980 civil uprising, Yonhap News Agency reported Tuesday. Yonhap quoted an unidentified senior official as saying that prosecutors began to look into suspected irregularities committed by Chun while he was in power and the results are likely to be known toward the end of the month. The official suggested that the probe is extending to illicit fortunes reportedly accumulated by Chun and his cronies during Chun's presidency, saying, 'Then you will come to know why Mr. Chun's home has been thronged with many people,' the report said. If Chun is found to have received bribes from business leaders while in office, he will be charged with corruption, in addition to the mutiny charge, which carries the death penalty. Chun confessed to corruption and graft involving his relatives after he stepped down in 1988, apologizing to the nation and going into self-imposed exile at a remote Buddhist monastery for two years. A special team was formed at the Seoul District Prosecutors Office last week to investigate the May 1980 crackdown on a popular uprising in Kwangju and the Dec. 12, 1979, military coup that preceded it. By official count, at least 193 people were shot or beaten to death when paratroopers were sent in to crush the large-scale protest against martial law in the southwestern city of Kwangju. Opposition groups put the death toll as high as 2,000. On Monday, state prosecutors also interviewed former President Roh Tae Woo, Chun's successor, who was detained earlier on charges of taking bribes, in connection with his role in the coup and the Kwangju massacre. Roh admitted last month he amassed the equivalent of 654 million dollars in a slush fund, mainly through donations from business conglomerates. Chun and Roh are said to have masterminded the 1979 military revolt and coup, and also to have ordered the Kwangju crackdown. Prosecutors reportedly plan to step up their probe into the case, calling in for questioning more than 30 former military officers in connection with their involvement in the military mutiny. Document 329 Copyright 1995 U.P.I. United Press International December 5, 1995, Tuesday, BC cycle SECTION: International LENGTH: 294 words HEADLINE: Roh indicted on bribery charges DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec. 5 BODY: Former South Korean President Roh Tae-woo was indicted Tuesday on charges he took more than $370 million in bribes while in office, the first former chief executive ever to face criminal charges. Prosecutors told the court their 47-day investigation into allegations Roh was involved in a slush fund scandal confirmed he amassed $544 million in during his 1988-93 presidential term, of which $370 million came in ghe form of kickbacks from 35 businessmen. Ahn Kang-min, senior prosecutor, revealed to the court the names of the businessmen who donated money to Roh. The nation's top five conglomerates were included in the list. Roh, the first South Korean president indicted on criminal charges, has been behind bars since Nov. 16 when he confessed to the corruption charges brought against him. Also indicted were the heads of seven business groups on charges of bribing Roh in return for government-backed contracts including Samsung, Daewoo and Dong Ah. Most of the business leaders have not been detained. Hanbo Group Chairman Chung Tae-soo, the only businessman arrested, was indicted several days ago on a bribery charge. Prosecutors said the investigaation was continuing. Ahn said Roh denied to unveil the funds allegedly used for financing the 1992 presidential elections, in which President Kim Young-sam rose power. Roh, who celebrated his 63th birthday Monday in jail, also is under another investigation for his role in a 1979 military coup and the Kwangju massacre in 1980, masterminded by Roh's predecessor Chun Doo- hwan, who is in prison. South Korean law mandates a minimum prison sentence of 10 years for public servants convicted of accepting bribes in excess of 50 million won ($65,000). Document 330 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 04, 1995 21:25 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 267 words HEADLINE: Chun faces new questioning in prison DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec 4 BODY: South Korean prosecutors on Monday resumed their interrogation of former president Chun Doo-Hwan in his prison cell, after a first 12-hour grilling that lasted late into Sunday night, news reports said. Yonhap news agency said a four prosecutors returned to the Anyang prison on the southern outskirts of Seoul, where Chun was taken after his arrest Sunday, to resume questioning on the events leading to a 1979 military coup. The ex-president was arrested on charges of heading the 1979 mutiny which was followed in March of 1980 by the crushing by junta troops of a pro-democracy uprising in the southwestern city of Kwangju. Some 200 people died and more than 1,000 were injured in the Kwangju massacre. Prosecutors also summoned Cho Hong, a former officer of the capital defense command at the time of the coup. They said former defence minister Roh Jae-Hun would be the next on a list of some 10 witnesses to be summoned. Also being interrogated about the coup is another former president, Roh Tae-Woo, who has been jailed in a separate detention house since November 16 on graft charges. Document 331 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 04, 1995 08:14 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 1614 words HEADLINE: South Korea faces political turmoil after jailing of ex-presidents BODY: By Zeno Park SEOUL, Dec 4 - A political storm is brewing as President Kim Young-Sam's plan to redraw South Korea's political map gathers pace with the jailing of two former presidents, analysts say. Prosecutors on Monday started questioning witnesses, including a former defense minister, who could incriminate former presidents Chun Doo-Hwan and Roh Tae-Woo in the 1979 military putsch which preceded the 1980 Kwangju massacre. After being detained Sunday, Chun denied he had masterminded the mutiny, reports said. He argued that the revolt had been necessary for a thorough probe of the assassination of former president Park Chung-Hee. The jailing of the two and the swift legal follow-up might be a part of Kim's plan to realign the political order, politicians and other sources said. Political commentators say Kim Young-Sam wants to project a "Mr. Clean" image by jailing the two generals-turned president. They also believe Kim might be seeking to pre-empt his archrival Kim Dae-Jung's from using the renewed controversy over the killing democracy demonstrators in Kwangju as an election issue. Ruling camp sources make no secret of the fact that Kim Young-Sam wants to incapacitate Kim Dae-Jung and fellow opposition leader Kim Jong-Pil before National Assembly elections next April. "President Kim is convinced that for the sake of continued reforms and development, old-style politics and corrupt politicians must be eliminated," a high-ranking official said. Kim Young-Sam blames the two other Kims for deepening regionalism, for which he blamed the humiliating loss of his Democratic Liberal Party (DLP) in local government elections last June. Political commentators say there is a high possibility the DLP could lose control of the National Assembly in April polls. Regional politics are again expected to strongly influence voters. The DLP also has no candidates of the caliber of veteran politicians Kim Dae-Jung and Kim Jong-Pil for the 1997 presidential poll. Kim Young-Sam has repeatedly said he wants Kim Dae-Jung and Kim Jong-Pil replaced by a new generation of politicians in the presidential election. Against this backdrop, politicians and business circles are eagerly awaiting the next stage, expected Tuesday, of the inquiry into the Roh Tae-Woo corruption scandal. Press reports speculated that the prosecution would make a bombshell revelation about Roh's deals with Kim Dae-Jung and Kim Jong-Pil during an announcement timed to coincide with Roh's indictment on corruption. Kim Dae-Jung has admitted to accepting 2.5 million dollars from Roh to finance his 1992 presidential bid, but he alleged that Kim Young Sam had received much more from Roh. Roh was jailed on November 16 on charges of accepting bribes from businesses in raising a 650 million dollar slush fund while in office from 1988 to 1993. Roh is also accused of being involved in the 1979 coup and 1980 Kwangju massacre, but he has not been charged over them. Chun, too has not been charged in connection with the massacre, but both ex-presidents are expected to be charged after a special law is enacted this month. Some 200 people died and more than 1,000 were injured in the Kwangju massacre when troops put down a pro-democracy uprising. "We have seen two former presidents placed behind bars. Therefore, don't expect any sanctuaries to remain in the investigation" of the Roh slush fund," a ruling camp official told . But some commentators suggested Kim Young-Sam's clean-up campaign could blow up in his face. Most South Koreans lump Kim Young-Sam together with the two opposition leaders as the "three Kims" and the president himself has too many holes in his own shoes, said one commentator. ckp/cwl/kw By C. W. Lim SEOUL, Dec 4 - The opposition warned on Monday that President Kim Young-Sam's political purification drive could get out of hand as analysts brooded over its impact on the economy. "The president is pushing a sweeping purification drive targetting politicians," warned Chung Dae-Chul, vice president of the main opposition National Congress for New Politics. The opposition party, led by 1997 presidential hopeful Kim Dae-Jung, accused the president of using the drive to divert public attention from accusations that he was elected on slush money from former president Roh Tae-Woo, now imprisoned on graft charges. The president's plan to redraw South Korea's political map gathered pace with the arrest of Roh and his predecessor Chun Doo-Hwan, who was detained on Sunday on mutiny charges, analysts said. "President Kim is convinced that for the sake of continued reforms and development, old-style politics and corrupt politicians must be eliminated," a high-ranking official told . But the opposition argued that the president's drive was aimed at incapacitating his archrival Kim Dae-Jung and fellow opposition leader Kim Jong-Pil before parliamentary elections in April. The president has denounced the two opposition Kims for deepening regionalism, which contributed to the humiliating loss of the ruling Democratic Liberal Party in local government polls in June. "We have seen two former presidents placed behind bars. Therefore, don't expect any sanctuaries to remain in the investigation," said a source close to the president. Meanwhile, prosecutors started questioning witnesses, including a former defense minister, who could inculpate Chun and Roh over the 1979 putsch which triggered a bloody civil uprising in the southern city of Kwangju. The prosecution accused Chun of heading a creeping mutiny and of masterminding the 1980 massacre of some 200 demonstrators in Kwangju. But Chun denied the charges, contending his action was necessary for an investigation into the assassination of then dictator Park Chung-Hee, the prosecution said. The prosecution said that Roh had admitted mobilizing troops to support Chun's mutiny. At the time, Roh was one of a dozen field army generals who played a key role in helping Chun seize power through the 1979 coup. Along with his role in the mutiny, Roh was also questioned on his 650-million-dollar slush fund amassed while in office from 1988 to 1993. Business circles are also nervously awaiting Roh's indictment on Tuesday, amid rampant speculation that the indictment may contain a bombshell revelation. The prosecution has pledged to indict business leaders implicated in the scandal since the arrest of Hanbo Group head Chung Tae-Soo last week on bribery charges. "The fallout of the slush-fund scandal may render the widely conceived economic soft landing next year unattainable," said Park Chang-Young with the Samsung Economic Institute. The private institute predicted that South Korea's economic growth might slump to six percent next year, lower than an earlier projection of 7.4 percent, if the ripple effects of the scandal drag on. The gloomy prediction was based on a drastic contraction of investments planned by top conglomerates and an accute freeze of the kerb market, a major source of small and mid-sized firms. bur/kw/jd Document 332 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 04, 1995; Monday R 00:06 Eastern Time LENGTH: 595 words BYLINE: PAUL SHIN DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: A day after jailing a former president, prosecutors on Monday began questioning ex-army generals suspected of helping him seize power in a coup 16 years ago. The move is the latest in a series of efforts by President Kim Young-sam, a former dissident, to sever ties with his military-backed predecessors. South Korea's faction-ridden politics could be headed for a major reorganization as a result. Former Defense Minister Roh Jae-hyon was among several ex-army leaders called in Monday. Prosecutors said more former generals would be summoned this week. Chun Doo-hwan, who was president in 1980-88, was arrested Sunday on charges of violating the military criminal code by staging an internal coup in 1979 that led him to power. The coup was followed by a savage crackdown on pro-democracy protesters in the southern city of Kwangju several months later. At least 240 people were killed and more than 1,800 others injured in the bloodiest civil uprising in South Korea's modern history. The six-count insurrection charges filed against Chun call for the death penalty, although it is unlikely to be imposed. Chun's immediate successor, Roh Tae-woo, who also is implicated in the Kwangju massacre, was arrested last month on unrelated charges. He allegedly took bribes from businesses for a dlrs 650 million slush fund he operated during his 1988-93 term. Chun and Roh, childhood friends and later military buddies, are the first former presidents to face criminal charges for alleged wrongdoing in office. After the Kwangju crackdown, Chun has been widely rumored to have forced a figurehead president to step down so he could take over. Prosecutors did not disclose the contents of their questioning of former Defense Minister Roh Jae-hyon, who is unrelated to the former president. But they said he was asked to testify whether he was forced to support the coup against his will. The retired four-star general was briefly arrested by pro-Chun groups during the coup. Rumors persist that he was set free after making some kind of deal. Also questioned Monday was a retired army brigadier general who sided with the Chun and Roh groups. He allegedly lured rival generals to a party so they could not stand up against the coup. The arrests of the two ex-presidents are expected to have a far-reaching impact on South Korea's money-dominated, faction-ridden politics. Roh claimed he simply followed the longstanding practice of his predecessors receiving ''donations'' from businesses, which he said were used for his ruling party and other purposes. Top opposition leader Kim Dae-jung has admitted he received dlrs 2.5 million from Roh for his failed 1992 presidential campaign. During a rally Sunday, he claimed without giving clear evidence that President Kim received dlrs 390 million from Roh, whom he succeeded in 1993. The president earlier denied similar charges. Chun's arrest reopened the wounds of Kwangju, still one of the country's most divisive issues. Many think it could trigger a major political reorganization. President Kim, a former dissident, joined the ruling camp _ which had been established by Chun and Roh in a three-party merger in 1990 and later won its presidential nomination. He faces strong opposition within his own ruling Democratic Liberal Party. About half of its 168 legislators are considered pro-Chun and Roh. Some are reportedly moving to quit, which could prompt the party to realign. Some opposition politicians are reportedly being asked to join the ruling group. Document 333 The Associated Press December 4, 1995, Monday, AM cycle SECTION: International News LENGTH: 524 words HEADLINE: Former Army Generals Questioned in Connection With 1979 Coup BYLINE: By PAUL SHIN, Associated Press Writer DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: Prosecutors building a case against jailed ex-President Chun Doo-hwan summoned former generals for questioning Monday about the 1979 coup that brought the man to power. Chun, president from 1980 to 1988, was arrested Sunday after refusing to obey a summons from prosecutors. His immediate successor, Roh Tae-woo, was arrested last month on unrelated charges, as the government of President Kim Young-sam, a former dissident, began a crackdown on his military-backed predecessors. Prosecutors questioned several former generals Monday, including former Defense Minister Roh Jae-hyon. They said they planned to summon more army leaders later in the week. The government has charged Chun with the military criminal code offense of insurrection for the coup, which was followed months later by a savage attack on pro-democracy demonstrators in the southern city of Kwangju. By official count, 240 people were killed and more than 1,800 others injured in the bloodiest civil uprising of the modern era in South Korea. Chun's arrest reopened the wounds of Kwangju, still one of the country's most divisive issues. Many think it could trigger a major political reorganization. After the Kwangju crackdown, Chun had been widely rumored to have forced a figurehead president to step down so he could take over. Prosecutors said they asked ex-Defense Minister Roh to testify whether he was forced to support the coup. The retired four-star general was held briefly by pro-Chun groups during the coup, and allegations persist that he made some kind of deal for his freedom. Also questioned Monday was a retired army brigadier general who sided with Chun and Roh Tae-woo. He allegedly lured rival generals to a party so they could not resist the coup. The six insurrection charges filed against Chun call for the death penalty, although it is unlikely to be imposed. Chun and Roh, childhood friends and later military buddies, are the first former presidents to face criminal charges for alleged wrongdoing in office. Roh, also implicated in Kwangju massacre, was jailed on charges involving a $ 650 million slush fund he operated during his 1988-93 term. Roh claimed he simply followed the longstanding practice of his predecessors receiving "donations" from businesses, which he said were used for his ruling party and other purposes. Top opposition leader Kim Dae-jung has admitted he received $ 2.5 million from Roh for his failed 1992 presidential campaign. During a rally Sunday, he claimed - without giving clear evidence - that Roh gave President Kim $ 390 million for his election campaign. The president, who took office in 1993, earlier denied similar charges. President Kim joined the ruling camp - which had been established by Chun and Roh - in a three-party merger in 1990 and later won its presidential nomination. He faces strong opposition within his own ruling Democratic Liberal Party. About half of its 168 legislators are considered pro-Chun and Roh. Some are reportedly moving to quit, which could cause the party to realign. Some opposition politicians reportedly are being asked to join the ruling group. Document 334 The Associated Press December 4, 1995, Monday, PM cycle SECTION: International News LENGTH: 573 words HEADLINE: Former Army Generals Questioned in Connection With 1979 Coup BYLINE: By PAUL SHIN, Associated Press Writer DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: A day after jailing a former president, prosecutors today began questioning former army generals suspected of helping him to seize power in a 1979 coup. The move is the latest effort by President Kim Young-sam, a former dissident, to sever ties with his military-backed predecessors. South Korea's faction-ridden politics could be headed for a major reorganization as a result. Former Defense Minister Roh Jae-hyon was among several former army leaders called in today. Prosecutors said more former generals would be summoned this week. Chun Doo-hwan, president from 1980 to 1988, was arrested Sunday on charges of violating the military criminal code by staging an internal coup 16 years ago that led him to power. The coup was followed by a savage crackdown on pro-democracy protesters in the southern city of Kwangju several months later. At least 240 people were killed and more than 1,800 others injured in the bloodiest civil uprising in South Korea's modern history. The six insurrection charges filed against Chun call for the death penalty, although it is unlikely to be imposed. Chun's arrest reopened the wounds of Kwangju, still one of the country's most divisive issues. Many think it could trigger a major political reorganization. His immediate successor, Roh Tae-woo, who also is implicated in the Kwangju massacre, was arrested last month on unrelated charges. He allegedly took bribes from businesses for a $ 650 million slush fund he operated during his 1988-93 term. Chun and Roh, childhood friends and later military buddies, are the first former presidents to face criminal charges for alleged wrongdoing in office. After the Kwangju crackdown, Chun had been widely rumored to have forced a figurehead president to step down so he could take over. Prosecutors did not disclose what they asked former Defense Minister Roh Jae-hyon, who is unrelated to the former president. They said he was asked to testify whether he was forced to support the coup. Pro-Chun groups briefly arrested the retired four-star general during the coup. Rumors persist that he was set free after making some kind of deal. Also questioned today was a retired army brigadier general who sided with Chun and Roh Tae-woo. He allegedly lured rival generals to a party so they could not stand up against the coup. Roh, who succeeded Chun, has embroiled President Kim's administration in his $ 650 million slush fund scandal. Roh claimed he simply followed the longstanding practice of his predecessors receiving "donations" from businesses, which he said were used for his ruling party and other purposes. Top opposition leader Kim Dae-jung has admitted he received $ 2.5 million from Roh for his failed 1992 presidential campaign. During a rally Sunday, he claimed - without giving clear evidence - that Roh gave President Kim $ 390 million for his election campaign. The president, who took office in 1993, earlier denied similar charges. President Kim, a former dissident, joined the ruling camp - which had been established by Chun and Roh - in a three-party merger in 1990 and later won its presidential nomination. He faces strong opposition within his own ruling Democratic Liberal Party. About half of its 168 legislators are considered pro-Chun and Roh. Some are reportedly moving to quit, which could cause the party to realign. Some opposition politicians reportedly are being asked to join the ruling group. Document 335 Copyright 1995 Jiji Press Ltd. Jiji Press Ticker Service DECEMBER 4, 1995, MONDAY LENGTH: 29 words HEADLINE: TOP NEWS OF BIG THREE DAILIES (MONDAY) BODY: THE ASAHI, THE MAINICHI AND THE YOMIURI--EX-S. KOREAN PRES. CHUN ARRESTED SUNDAY FOR HIS ALLEGED LEADING ROLES IN 1979 MILITARY COUP, CRACKDOWN ON 1980 KWANGJU UPRISING. Document 336 Copyright 1995 Xinhua News Agency DECEMBER 4, 1995, MONDAY LENGTH: 495 words HEADLINE: south korean prosecutors question former president DATELINE: seoul, december 4; ITEM NO: 1 BODY: prosecutors questioned former president chun doo-hwan, now in jail, for the second time today, suspected of staging a military coup 16 years ago. the four-member prosecution team asked chun if he and his followers had planned in advance to remove chung seung-hwa, the army chief of staff at that time, and usurp the command of the armed forces before they arrested chung on december 12, 1979, without the approval of the then president choi kyu-ha. led by senior prosecutor kim sang-hee, the team had questioned chun sunday for more than 11 hours in anyang prison on the southern outskirts of seoul. the team took the move one day after chun was thrown into jail, he is the second former head of state who was arrested within three weeks. chun told prosecutors that he tried to get prior approval for the arrest but president choi refused, demanding prior permission from the defense minister. he said for that reason he had to arrest chung without authorization. chun was arrested sunday on charges of staging a military mutiny in 1979 and of the bloody suppression of the pro-democracy movement in kwangju, capital of south korea's south cholla province, on may 18, 1980. some 150 people were killed and 2,000 others injured. the arrest warrant for chun listed six counts comprising masterminding a military mutiny, unauthorized mobilization of military units, deserting a commander's post under the state of martial law, killing a superior officer, attempt to slay superiors and murder of a military guard. chun loomed large as the army strongman after the december 12, 1979 military mutiny, which led him to power. chun ruled the nation from 1980 to 1988. roh tae-woo, who was chun's immediate successor until 1993, was implicated in the kwangju incident. roh was arrested last month on corruption charges. the 62-year-old ex-president allegedly took bribes of 650 million u.s. dollars while in office from more than 30 business tycoons in return for awarding them lucrative government projects. the prosecution, through questioning of roh at the seoul detention house, confirmed that chun led the plot of the december 12 military mutiny, which the incumbent president kim young-sam had termed "a coup-like incident." in january this year, the prosecution suspended indictment of the masterminds of the mutiny, even after "recognizing the criminality of the december 12 incident." it refused to indict them again in july on the ground that it has "no authority to prosecute the leaders of a successful coup." however, the seoul district prosecutor's office decided to reopen the cases last week, saying that the situation has changed a lot as seen in the roh's slush fund scandal. the prosecution's reopening of the probe came after the ruling democratic liberal party's moved to enact the "may 18 special law" under the order of president kim to punish the leaders of the 1979 military mutiny and the 1980 suppression of the pro-democracy movement. Document 337 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 03, 1995 00:00 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 787 words HEADLINE: PEOPLE IN FOCUS -- Chun Doo-Hwan: a man haunted by his past BYLINE: Kate Webb DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec 3 BODY: Former dictator Chun Doo-Hwan, arrested at dawn Sunday after a last symbolic but defiant stand in his humble hometown of Hapchon, is a man haunted by one of the bloodiest chapters in South Korea's recent history. Chun, 64, was jailed in Seoul's Anyang prison charged with leading the 1979 coup that led to the 1980 Kwangju massacre when Chun's junta mowed down pro-democracy protestors, killing 200 and injuring more than 1,000. Prosecutors, acting on the initiative of incumbent President Kim Young-Sam, a former dissident, had summoned him for questioning in connection with the massacre, and said he would be forcibly taken if he did not comply. The summons smacked of betrayal to Chun, who had retreated to a remote Buddhist monastery for almost two years after stepping down in 1988 to atone for his past under a deal with his successor and military classmate Roh Tae-Woo. How could Kim, he said, standing ramrod straight in the street outside his house before driving to Hapcon, accuse him of rebellion in the coup, when Kim had later allied himself with Chun's own party to run for the presidency? How too could Kim go back on the agreement the president had been party to to close the Kwangju chapter by sending him into internal exile?, he asked. Many South Koreans looking back on Chun's life say the one thing he can be remembered for is keeping his word to step down at the end of his term in 1988. Much to the surprise of many, he did, ending a public life that began when he entered the then-fledgling military academy during the 1950-53 Korean War after a childhood, biographers say, better remembered for his athletic prowess than his brains. After marrying the daughter of a well-to-do officer in 1959, he went on to study in the US army's psychological warfare center in North Carolina. A supporter of assassinated former president Park Chung-Hee's coup in 1961, Chun started amassing the kudos and connections he needed in his steady climb up the military ranks, which saw him commanding the South Korean White Horse Division in Vietnam in 1970. A general in 1973, he moved to the presidential security service and then on to the command of the capital and the frontline 1st Division, credited while under his command with with the discovery of North Korean tunnels under the demilitarised zone -- or DMZ -- separating the two Koreas. In the chaos and the brief democratic spring after Park's assassination in 1979, Chun made his move in what Mark Clifford in his book "Troubled Tiger" described as "an odd creeping coup d'etat" that began on December 12, 1979 and finished with the imposition of martial law on May 16, 1980. The junta led by Chun, who simultaneously headed the then-feared KCIA, closed down newspapers, jailed opposition politicians, sent 57,000 people to "purification" reeducation camps, quashed labor unrest, purged the bureaucracy and shocked the world with Kwangju. The economy was in crisis, but foreign banks were unwilling to risk bailing out a blood-stained regime with no stamp of legitimacy. But gradually, largely through leaving the economy to technocrats, brooking no protest and building on the hard-won foundation laid by Park, the economy turned painfully around and in 1986 showed its first ever trade surplus. South Korea's drive to pull itself out of the ruins of the 1950-53 war had succeeded, at least materially, and in the two years before Chun stepped down, the economy was racing ahead at a dizzying 12 percent growth rate. But the harsh reppression lingered and Kwangju was never forgotten. Alongside the economic boom pro-democracy protests mounted and exploded into the streets of the capital. By 1987 central Seoul was a battlefield until a balding, bespectacled Chun appeared on national television and announced democratic reforms. kw/cwl Document 338 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 03, 1995 00:36 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 1614 words HEADLINE: Chun thrown into jail on mutiny and murder charges DATELINE: (New Series) BODY: (Pictures) By Zeno Park SEOUL, Dec 3 - Former South Korean president Chun Doo-Hwan was thrown in jail Sunday on charges of heading a 1979 military mutiny, the second former head of state to be detained in under three weeks. Chun, who ruled South Korea from 1980 to 1988 followed Roh Tae-Woo, who was jailed on November 16 on corruption charges. Chun was arrested in his hometown of Hapchon and whisked by prosecutors in a black sedan to jail in the southern suburbs of Seoul. Outside the Anyang prison, the car carrying Chun was mobbed by dozens of angry protesters who shouted "Execute the murderer," kicked the car and hurled rocks as it passed through the gates of the high-walled prison compound. The arrest came one day after the 64-year-old former general rejected a prosecutors' summons for questioning on his role in a 1979 coup, which triggered a bloody civil upring in the southern city of Kwangju and left some 200 people dead. Earlier in Hapchon, about 300 kilometers (180 miles) south of Seoul, investigators scuffled with a dozen hometown supporters when they forced their way through the home of one of Chun's relatives to arrest the ex-president. A dozen villagers and relatives yelled behind a police blockade as a grim-looking Chun was escorted into the sedan. Wearing a black coat and a white scarf, the balding, bespectacled Chun walked silently to the car but waved farewell. In his statement issued Saturday at his Seoul home, Chun accused the president of breaking his word to bury the past and of reopening the case for political gain. "If I were a criminal, then Mr. Kim Young-Sam himself should also take responsibility for his collusion with rebellious forces," the ex-president said. Chun, who had spent two years in exile in a remote Buddhist temple to atone for his past, also challenged Kim to explain how the president could punish him after joining forces with him and his successor Roh Tae-Woo to win the 1992 presidential race. Chun's audacity shocked the ruling camp, adding to the political turmoil created by a massive corruption scandal, which landed Roh in jail on November. Chun accused the president of using him as a scapegoat to reshape the ruling coalition, which includes his followers and whose public ratings are sagging ahead of next year's crucial parliamentary and presidential polls. But prosecutors, acting on Kim's initiative, have moved quickly to throw Chun and his coterie into jail, prompting opposition speculation that the president was plotting a sweeping political realignment. Top opposition leader and strong presidential candidate Kim Dae-Jung has hinted in the past week that he would seek an alliance with disgruntled conservatives to bolster his chances at the 1997 presidential election. Chun's arrest was prompted by the ruling Democratic Liberal Party (DLP)'s move last week to enact a special law aimed at punishing Chun, Roh and others accused of taking part in the military coup and the Kwangju massacre. Chun's aides have branded the special law "retroactive and unconstitutional," threatening to reveal backroom deals between Roh and the two Kims in 1989, when the president merged his group with followers of the two ex-presidents. The ruling camp has faced persistent demands from the opposition that it must come clean on how much of a 650 million dollar slush fund the jailed Roh amassed was funneled into Kim Young-Sam's election campaign. bur/kw/cmc/tw By Zeno Park SEOUL, Dec 3 - Former dictator Chun Doo-Hwan was jailed and interrogated Sunday on charges of heading a 1979 mutiny, the second former South Korean head of state put behind bars in less than three weeks. Chun, who ruled South Korea from 1980 to 1988, followed his successor, Roh Tae-Woo, already in jail on graft charges. Chun was arrested in his hometown of Hapchon and was whisked by prosecutors to a prison in the southern suburbs of Seoul. Outside the walls of Anyang prison, the car carrying Chun was mobbed by dozens of angry protesters who shouted "Execute the murderer," kicked the car and hurled rocks as it passed through the gates of the high-walled prison compound. Two hours after Chun was imprisoned, prosecutors opened a marathon enquiry, grilling the ex-president on how he had mobilized troops to arrest or shoot down senior army generals during the 1979 coup. The arrest came one day after Chun, 64, rejected a prosecutors' summons for questioning on his role in the coup, which triggered a bloody civil uprising in the southern city of Kwangju and left some 200 people dead. Both ruling and opposition parties welcomed the speedy arrest of Chun, who had retreated to his hometown about 300 kilometers (180 miles) south of Seoul in a last symbolic but defiant stand. "The arrest was his own making. In an utterly haughty manner he had trampled on democracy and had no respect for the people," the ruling Democratic Liberal Party (DLP) said. But the party of opposition leader Kim Dae-Jung, a strong 1997 presidential hopeful, repeated its calls for the appointment of special neutral prosecutors, accusing the existing prosecution of being a mere instrument of the government. "We doubt if the prosecution, which earlier decided they have no right to indict Chun, would be able to investigate him properly," the opposition party said. Earlier in Hapchon, investigators forced their way through the locked gate of a humble rural home where Chun had been holed up, triggering a brief scuffle with a dozen loyal relatives and villagers. The relatives yelled behind a police blockade as a grim-looking Chun, wearing a black coat and a white scarf, walked out silently and waved farewell. In the statement issued Saturday at his Seoul home, Chun accused the president of breaking his word to bury the past for his own political gain. The ex-president, who still has followers in the ruling camp, also challenged Kim Young-Sam to explain how he could punish his two predecessors after allying himself with them to win the 1992 presidential race. Chun's challenge shocked the ruling camp, adding to the political turmoil created by a massive corruption scandal, which landed Chun's successor and military academy classmate, Roh Tae-Woo, in jail on November 16 on graft charges. Chun's followers have accused the president of using Chun as a scapegoat to reshape the ruling coalition, whose public ratings are sagging ahead of crucial parliamentary polls in April and presidential polls in 1997. But prosecutors, acting on the president's initiative, moved quickly to throw Chun into jail, fuelling opposition speculation that the president was plotting a sweeping political realignment. Chun's arrest was prompted by the DLP's abrupt decision last week to enact a special law aimed at punishing Chun, Roh and others involved in the military coup and the Kwangju massacre. Chun's aides have branded the special law "retroactive and unconstitutional," threatening to reveal backroom deals between Roh and the two Kims in 1989, when the president merged his group with followers of the two ex-presidents. bur/kw/cmc Document 339 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 03, 1995 03:13 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 680 words HEADLINE: Free meals and celebrations follow Chun's arrest BYLINE: C.W. Lim DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec 3 BODY: Millions of South Koreans avidly followed live television coverage of Chun Doo-Hwan's arrest which was welcomed as a historic event, that will help the nation turn a black page in its history. After Chun was detained in his hometown of Hapchon and taken to jail in the capital, a poster offering "free meals" was immediately put up in the windows of a beef restaurant in eastern Seoul. "Chun's arrest is the people's victory," said restaurant owner Chung Chong-Sun, 42, jailed for a year after taking part in a civil uprising in the southern city of Kwangju. Chun has been accused of masterminding the military suppression of the Kwangju uprising that left more than 200 people dead. Both ruling and opposition parties welcomed Chun's arrest, which came less than three weeks after his successor as president, and military academy classmate, Roh Tae-Woo, was jailed as part of a graft investigation. "Chun's arrest was his own making. In an utterly haughty manner he had trampled on democracy and had no respect for the people," the ruling Democratic Liberal Party (DLP) said. But the party of opposition leader Kim Dae-Jung called for the appointment of politically neutral prosecutors to conduct the investigation, accusing the existing prosecution of being a government instrument. "We doubt if the prosecution, which earlier decided they had no right to indict Chun, would be able to investigate him properly," the opposition party said. Dissidents and civic groups echoed the opposition calls, urging President Kim Young-Sam, a former dissident, to bring Chun's clique in the 1979 mutiny and the subsequent 1980 massacre to court. "This is a historical event showing that anyone who had killed innocent people should be punished after all," commented the influential Citizens' Coalition for Economic Justice. "We are now able to litigate the unhappy history of our military rule," Ahn Sang-Soo, a lawyer in Seoul, told Yonhap news agency. In television interviews, many people said the investigation of Chun and his former military associates should be used to distance South Korea from the country's recent history of coups, militlary dictators and human rights violations. But the National Alliance for Democracy and Unification (NADU), a major dissident organization, warned that South Korea might experience another coup if the ruling and opposition camps try to use the case for their own political gains. Chun, haunted by the Kwangju massacre, had spent two years in internal exile at a remote Buddhist temple to atone for his past after he stepped down in early 1988. But his open refusal Saturday to obey a prosecutors' summons for questioning fuelled a widespread public fury, with television and radio stations here flooded with protest calls by citizens asking for his punishment. cwl/kw Document 340 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 03, 1995 04:02 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 840 words HEADLINE: Chun thrown into jail on mutiny and murder charges BODY: By Zeno Park SEOUL, Dec 3 - Former dictator Chun Doo-Hwan was jailed and grilled Sunday on charges of heading a 1979 military mutiny, becoming the second former South Korean head of state to be put behind bars within three weeks. The arrest of Chun, who ruled South Korea from 1980 to 1988, followed that of his successor, Roh Tae-Woo, on graft charges. Chun was arrested in his hometown of Hapchon and whisked to a prison in Seoul. Two hours after Chun was thrown in a solitary cell in Anyang prison, prosecutors quizzed the former general on how he had mobilized troops to arrest and shoot down senior army generals during the 1979 coup. The arrest came a day after Chun, 64, rejected a prosecutors' summons for questioning on his role in the coup, which had triggered a bloody civil uprising in the southern city of Kwangju and left more than 200 people dead. Many South Koreans welcomed his arrest, seeing it as an historic event, which would help the nation address a black page of its history. Millions of people avidly followed live television coverage of Chun being arrested in his hometown and mobbed by dozens of angry protesters outside the walls of Anyang prison in Seoul. The protesters shouted "Execute the murderer", hurled stones and kicked the car carrying Chun through the gates of the high-walled prison. One restaurant in eastern Seoul, whose proprietor had been jailed by Chun, slapped up a "free meals" sign. Both ruling and opposition parties welcomed the speedy arrest of Chun, who on Saturday had retreated to his hometown about 300 kilometers (180 miles) south of Seoul after denouncing incumbent President Kim Young-Sam in a last symbolic but defiant stand. But opposition leader Kim Dae-Jung, a strong 1997 presidential hopeful, urged the president not to use the case for his own political gain. "The nation faces a crisis with our political future unpredictable," the opposition leader told about 30,000 supporters in a Seoul park. The opposition leader urged the president to admit receiving billions of dollars from his predecessor for his 1992 presidential campaign. "The president is responsible for the turmoil created by his refusal to come clean on his election fund," Kim Dae-Jung said. Earlier in Hapchon, investigators, helped by hundreds of riot police, forced their way through the locked gate of a rural home where Chun had been holed up, sparking a brief scuffle with a dozen loyal relatives and villagers. The relatives yelled behind a police blockade as a grim-looking Chun, wearing a black coat and a white scarf, walked out silently and waved farewell. At his Seoul home on Saturday, Chun, who still has followers in the ruling Democratic Liberal Party (DLP), accused the president of breaking his pledge to bury the past. The ex-president challenged Kim Young-Sam to explain how he could punish his two predecessors after allying himself with them to win the 1992 presidential race. Chun's challenge shocked the ruling camp, adding to the political turmoil created by a massive corruption scandal, which landed Chun's successor and military academy classmate, Roh Tae-Woo, in jail on November 16 on graft charges. The opposition and Chun's followers have accused the president of using Chun as a scapegoat to reshape the ruling coalition, whose public ratings are sagging ahead of crucial parliamentary polls in April and presidential polls in 1997. Chun's arrest was prompted by the DLP's abrupt decision last week to enact a special law aimed at punishing Chun, Roh and others for the military coup and the Kwangju massacre. Chun's aides have branded the special law "retroactive and unconstitutional", threatening to reveal backroom deals between Roh and the two Kims in 1989, when the president merged his group with followers of the two ex-presidents. ckp-cwl/kw/nj Document 341 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 03, 1995; Sunday 03:58 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 585 words BYLINE: PAUL ALEXANDER DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: Former President Chun Doo-hwan was arrested early Sunday for his role in a 1979 coup that was followed by the most violent crackdown in South Korea's history. Chun became the second ex-president to be thrown in jail for alleged misconduct. His immediate succecessor, Roh Tae-woo, was arrested 19 days ago on corruption charges. On Saturday, Chun had refused to submit to questioning by prosecutors over the savage 1980 crushing of a pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Kwangju. In his rural hometown, Hapchon, where he remains a favorite son, Chun supporters scuffled briefly with thousands of police who surrounded his home, served the arrest warrant and took him away. Chun looked grim as he was arrested under the harsh lights of television crews. He waved to several dozen supporters before silently walking to a waiting car. After a four-hour drive, the 64-year-old retired four-star general was taken to a prison outside Seoul. He was put in a 12-square-meter (130-square-foot) solitary cell. About 1,000 people turned out to see Chun's arrival at the prison. Around 30 demonstrators praised the arrest, and some carried placards that read, ''Execute the murderer.'' Some, determined to attack Chun's limousine but apparently afraid rock-throwing would trigger a violent clash with riot police, tossed cookies instead. A few hours later, four prosecutors began questioning Chun about his role in the Kwangju massacre. Chun has defended the crackdown as unavoidable to preserve national stability. The arrest is the latest episode in a power struggle rife with scandal and backbiting what one newspaper called a ''political civil war.'' In one corner is Chun, president from 1980 to 88, whose opponents accuse him of masterminding a 1979 military coup and the 1980 massacre that left at least 240 civilians dead and 1,800 injured. In the opposite corner is current President Kim Young-sam, accused of trying to make political capital out of a case that only months ago he said should be judged only by historians. He changed his mind after a huge money scandal involving his immediate predecessor, Roh, threatened to engulf him. Opposition leader Kim Dae-jung, who himself has admitted accepting campaign money from Roh, said he can prove Kim Young-sam took dlrs 390 million from Roh. ''If President Kim does not admit to this truth, a hearing will determine black from white,'' Kim Dae-jung told 30,000 people attending a rally Sunday in Seoul. ''... It is inconceivable that President Kim, as the No. 2 man under Roh, did not know of Roh's corruption.'' Roh, already in jail on charges related to a dlrs 650 million slush fund he maintained, is expected to be indicted for bribery on Tuesday. He is also implicated in the crackdown. Chun's arrest warrant charges him with violating the military criminal code by leading the 1979 coup. The six-count insurrection charges call for the death penalty, although it appears unlikely it would be imposed. Treason could be added later for the Kwangju incident after passage of a special law being pushed through the legislature at Kim Dae-jung's behest. The ruling Democratic Liberal Party said Chun's arrest ''was brought on by his haughty attitude and lack of fear of the people and history.'' Chun arrived in Hapchon, 250 kilometers (150 miles) outside Seoul, on Saturday after issuing a statement in Seoul in which he attacked the current Kim government for seeking ''political revenge.'' Document 342 The Associated Press December 3, 1995, Sunday, BC cycle SECTION: International News LENGTH: 430 words HEADLINE: Former South Korean President Chun Arrested BYLINE: By PAUL ALEXANDER, Associated Press Writer DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: South Korea sank further into political turmoil Sunday with the arrest of a former president for his role in a 1979 coup that was followed by the most violent crackdown in the nation's history. Chun Doo-hwan became the second ex-president jailed for alleged misconduct. His immediate predecessor, Roh Tae-woo, was arrested 19 days ago on corruption charges. On Saturday, Chun refused to submit to questioning by prosecutors over the brutal 1980 crushing of a pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Kwangju. In Chun's rural hometown, Hapchon, where he remains a favorite son, his supporters scuffled briefly with thousands of police who surrounded his home, served the arrest warrant and took him away. After a four-hour drive, the 64-year-old retired four-star general was taken to a prison outside Seoul, a 30-minute drive from the prison where Roh is kept. He was put in a solitary cell. About 1,000 people turned out to see Chun's arrival at the prison. Some demonstrators called for stern punishment. Placards read "Congratulations! Chun Doo-hwan's arrest" and "Execute the murderer." A few hours later, prosecutors began questioning Chun about his role in the crackdown, which he has defended as necessary to preserve national stability. The warrant charged Chun with violating the military criminal code by leading the 1979 coup. The six-count insurrection charges call for the death penalty, although it appears unlikely it would be imposed. Treason could be added later for the Kwangju incident after passage of a special law being pushed through the legislature at Kim's behest. The arrest is the latest episode in a power struggle rife with scandal and backbiting - what one newspaper called a "political civil war." In one corner is Chun, president from 1980 to 1988. His opponents accuse him of masterminding a 1979 military coup and the 1980 massacre that left at least 240 civilians dead and 1,800 injured. In the opposite corner is current President Kim Young-sam, accused of trying to make political capital out of a case that only months ago he said should be judged by history. He changed his mind after a huge money scandal involving his immediate predecessor, Roh, threatened to engulf him. Roh, already jailed on charges relating to the $ 650 million slush fund and is expected to be indicted for bribery on Tuesday, has also been implicated in the crackdown. The Kwangju crackdown was the worst in the nation's short history. South Korea didn't exist until 1945, when Korea was partitioned in two at the end of World War II. Document 343 Copyright 1995 Deutsche Presse-Agentur Deutsche Presse-Agentur December 3, 1995, Sunday, BC Cycle 03:37 Central European Time SECTION: International News LENGTH: 547 words HEADLINE: South Korea's ex-Presidnet Chun - a man of prayer and action DATELINE: Seoul BODY: Former South Korean President Chun Doo Hwan hardly spoke a word as South Korean police arrested him and put him in solitary confinement in a bare cell in the Anyang prison outside Seoul on Sunday. The former general is used to a Spartan life. He retired to an isolated Buddhist monastry to live alone for two years after his seven-year presidency ended in 1988 amid a corruption scandal. Born in 1931 in the south eastern town of Hapchon, he joined the army during the 1950-53 Korean War and later became a close political ally of the former South Korean military leader, General Park Chun Hee, when Park came to power in a 1963 coup. After serving in the Vietnam War, Chun was appointed head of the military security forces and it was in this capacity that he effectively took power after Park's assassination in a 1979 coup attempt although the presidency was held by President Choi Kyu-Hah. Chun then ordered the arrest of the head of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency, General Chung Seung Hwa, and other high-ranking officers for their alleged involvement in Park's murder. Choi's new government ran into problems as pro-democracy protesters clashed with police leading to the savage Kwangju massacre which is now at the centre of investigations. The government imposed martial law after the 1980 protests and Choi resigned to make way for Chun's seven-year presidency. Chun returned to the solace of prayer Sunday when the shadows of the past caught up with him in form of an inquiry into his role in the Kwangju massacre which left 200 people dead. Refusing a summons to the inquiry, he had returned to pray at the graves of his ancestors when more than 100 police officers arrested him Sunday. Whether prayers will be enough to help the former South Korean president in the future remains to be seen. Document 344 Copyright 1995 Deutsche Presse-Agentur Deutsche Presse-Agentur December 3, 1995, Sunday, BC Cycle 04:54 Central European Time SECTION: Advisories LENGTH: 707 words HEADLINE: Schedule for Sunday, December 3rd, 0400 GMT BODY: Madrid - U.S. President Clinton to breakfast with Spanish Premier Gonzalez and hold talks with EU President Santer. Clinton will then sign New Transatlantic Agenda in Madrid aimed at reviving ties between the EU and U.S. (Spain-Clinton, first report by 1130 GMT, Roundup by 1400 GMT) Sarajevo- Italian Foreign Minister Susanna Agnelli in Sarajevo for talks with Bosnian President Alija Izetbegovic and Foreign Minister Muhamed Sacirbey (Bosnia-Italy, as available) - Developments in Bosnia following resignation of Bosnian-Moslem Federation President Kresimir Zubak (Bosnia-Politics, 1st Lead has run, Roundup on merit) Seoul - Developments after arrest of former South Korean President Chun. Main opposition National Congress for New Politics (NCNP) plans rally calling for appointment of special prosecutor to uncover truth behind suppression of 1980 Kwangju uprising (Korea-Chun, as available) Beijing- Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma starts state visit to China (China-Ukraine, as available) Geneva - International Red Cross to hold conference on protection of civilians in war zones (RedCross-Civilians, by 2200 GMT) Paris - Developments in French public sector strike (France-Strikes, by 1700 GMT) Colombo- Developments as Sri Lankan troops seal off northern capital of Jaffna trapping an estimated 750 Tamil rebels (Sri Lanka-Offensive) Cotonou- Second day of Francophone summit in Cotonou (Africa-France, as available) Munich - Developments after Kurdish protesters surrender in Munich (Germany-Kurds, Roundup by 2000 GMT) Bremen - Germany's Green party ends two-day party conference with vote on Bosnia policy (Germany-Greens, By 1600 GMT) BYLINERS AND BACKGROUNDERS MOVED: Managua- Nicaragua is in desperate need of foreign assistance. By Klaus Blume (650 words/ Nicaragua-Assistance) Johannesburg- South Africa begins digesting the apartheid era. By Arno Mayer (510 words/S.Africa-Truth) Moscow - Russian crooks crave leniency - four-year term in new parliament. By Tim Obojski (670 words/ Russia-Elections) dpa tpm Document 345 Copyright 1995 Kyodo News Service Japan Economic Newswire DECEMBER 3, 1995, SUNDAY LENGTH: 317 words HEADLINE: Chronology of S. Korea's 1979 coup DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec. 3 Kyodo BODY: The following is a chronology of events before and after a military coup in South Korea in 1979, for the alleged masterminding of which former President Chun Doo Hwan was arrested Sunday. Oct. 26, 1979 -- President Park Chung Hee is assassinated by Kim Chae Kyu, director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Dec. 12 -- Defense Security Commander Gen. Chun Doo Hwan and some junior colleagues take power in a coup. Dec. 21 -- President Choe Kyu Ha takes office. May 17, 1980 -- Martial law is imposed and opposition leader Kim Dae Jung is arrested. May 18-27 -- At least some 200 demonstrators are killed by the military as hundreds of students and citizens stage protests in Kwangju calling for martial law to be lifted and Kim Dae Jung to be released. Aug. 16 -- President Choe steps down from his post. Sept. 1 -- Chun is inaugurated as president. Oct. 27 -- The new Constitution is promulgated. March 3, 1981 -- Chun is inaugurated as president under the new Constitution. Feb. 25, 1988 -- President Roh Tae Woo takes office. Feb. 25, 1993 -- President Kim Young Sam takes office as the first president without a military background in three decades. Oct. 29, 1994 -- Prosecutors decide to suspend the indictment of Chun and Roh for involvement in the 1979 military revolt. July 18, 1995 -- Prosecutors decide not to indict Chun, Roh and 56 others over the suppression of the 1980 Kwangju uprising. Nov. 16 -- Roh is arrested for bribery. Nov. 24 -- President Kim instructs his ruling Democratic Liberal Party to draft a special law to punish those involved in the military crackdown on the 1980 Kwangju uprising, including Chun and Roh. Nov. 30 -- Prosecutors announce formation of a special team to resume investigation of the 1979 military coup and the Kwangju uprising. Dec. 3 -- Prosecutors arrest Chun on suspicion of masterminding the 1979 coup. Document 346 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 02, 1995 07:15 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 400 words HEADLINE: Roh to be indicted Monday: prosecutors DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec 2 BODY: Jailed former South Korean president Roh Tae-Woo will be formally indicted on graft charges on Monday before a December 5th deadline, a senior prosecutor said Saturday. Chief prosecutor Ahn Kang-Min told journalists here the prosecution would also on Monday announce its findings of its investigation into the 650 million dollar slush fund Roh has admitted to amassing while in office. Most of the fund had been traced, Ahn said, in the form of bank deposits and certificates of deposit. The indictment would charge that the amount Roh received in bribes from business tycoons was 30 to 40 percent higher than 310 million dollar sum mentioned on the arrest sheet when Roh was jailed on November 16. Newspapers meanwhile quoted prosecution sources as saying that 24 businessmen would be also indicted on Monday on graft charges connected to Roh's case, and that "one or two" of them would be arrested. So far one tycoon, the head of the Hanbo Group, has been arrested in the slush fund scandal which has rocked the nation and played havoc with the stock market. By law Roh must be indicted or released by December 5 -- 20 days after being imprisoned in the Seoul Detention House. The former president is almost certainly also facing charges of rebellion, along with his predecessor and fellow former general, Chun Doo-Whan. The prosecution sought an arrest warrant for Chun on rebellion charges Saturday after he defied a summons to present himself at the prosecutor's office for questioning on the 1980 Kwangju massacre and drove to his hometown in the south of the country. Chun headed the military junta at the time of the massacre, and Roh was a key general at the time. kw/ckp/mms Document 347 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 02, 1995 04:02 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 387 words HEADLINE: SINGAPORE: Rogue futures trader Nick Leeson was jailed for six-and-a-half ye BODY: SEOUL: Defiant former South Korean president Chun Doo-Hwan openly rejectea summons for questioning on a 1980 Kwangju massacre and retreated to his hometown after berating incumbent President Kim Young-Sam. (SKorea-massacre) COLOMBO: At least 107 Sri Lankan soldiers and Tamil Tiger guerrillas were killed in heavy fighting in Jaffna in the island's north as the rebel launched a ferocious counter-attack, the military said. (SriLanka-Tamil) TAIPEI: Taiwan's voters went to the polls to elect a new legislature with President Lee Teng-hui defending the democratic process against China's charges that it is corrupted by money and gangsters. (Taiwan-vote) PHNOM PENH: The Cambodian government has arrested six US nationals suspected of leading an anti-communist group determined to overthrow the Vietnamese government and begun moves to deport them, officials said. (Cambodia-Vietnam-US) SRINAGAR, India: Villagers have sighted the four Western hostages of Moslem separatist guerrillas in southern Kashmir, ending fears that two of the captives were too ill to walk, police sources said. (India-Kashmir) PHNOM PENH: Cambodia's most prominent dissident Sam Rainsy made a plea for international support following an announcement by the Ministry of Interior that it would shortly move to close the headquarters of his newly-founded party. (Cambodia-opposition) BEIJING: An international human rights group said ailing Chinese dissident Ren Wanding had been beaten up by fellow prisoners, accusing the authorities of instigating such attacks. (China-dissident) ISLAMABAD: The car bombing of the Egyptian embassy here last month which left 17 dead and some 60 injured was carried out by two men who were killed in the blast, a report said. (Pakistan-bombing) bur/jd/nj Document 348 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 02, 1995 00:00 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 1507 words HEADLINE: Defiant Chun scoffs at summons, retreats to hometown BODY: By Zeno Park SEOUL, Dec 2 - Defiant former South Korean president Chun Doo-Hwan on Saturday openly rejected a summons for questioning on the 1980 Kwangju massacre and lambasted incumbent President Kim Young-Sam before retreating to his hometown. "I am not going to respond to any summons or cooperate with any other measures," a determined Chun said in a statement he read out at an early morning press conference in the street outside his home here. The former general-turned-president challenged Kim Young-Sam to explain how he could charge Chun with insurrection after joining forces with him to win the 1992 presidential election. "If I were a criminal who destroyed the constitutional order, then Mr Kim Young-Sam himself should also take responsibility for his collusion with rebellious forces," said Chun. Chun's audacity shocked both the ruling and opposition camps, with local press reports saying that the former president had declared a "total war" against the Kim Young-Sam government. The 62-year-old Chun had been summoned by prosecutors for Saturday afternoon. Newspapers predicted he would have been arrested had he shown up at the prosecutors office. More than 200 people died and another 1,000 were injured when troops acting on orders of the then-Chun-led military junta crushed a pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Kwangju in 1980. Chun, who ruled South Korea from 1980 to 1988, said that in December 1989, his successor Roh Tae-Woo agreed with leaders of three opposition groups, including Kim Young-Sam, to bury the Kwangju incident. He also said that he had submitted himself to a National Assembly hearing and answered questions from the prosecution on the Kwangju bloodshed before prosecutors closed the case. But the Kim Young-Sam government is now reopening the case "for political purposes," Chun said. Chun's aides have accused Kim Young-Sam of using Chun as a "scapegoat" to reshape the ruling coalition, whose popularity is sagging ahead of crucial National Assembly elections in April next year. Chun poignantly noted that Kim Young-Sam had praised it as "a historic move to save the country" when they had merged their forces to create the current ruling Democratic Liberal Party (DLP) in 1990. After reading the eight-minute-long statement, Chun drove to the National Cemetery in an apparent gesture to show his determination to defy the government move to throw him into jail. Television showed the grim-looking Chun, standing ramrod straight in a black coat and white scarf, presenting a wreath at the Tower of Martyrs, burning incense and bowing his head as taps was played. He then drove to his hometown of Hapchon, some 300 kilometers (180 miles) south of Seoul, where his aides said Chun would stay for a while and watch the situation. A ruling DLP spokesman denounced Chun for being "arrogant and brazen" in snubbing the people and shifting responsibility for the controversy over the Kwangju massacre to Kim Young-Sam. The main opposition National Congress for New Politics (NCNP) said the Chun episode showed that the government prosecution, which had already dropped the Chun case earlier this year, had no authority to take it up again. The NCNP repeated the opposition demand that a politically neutral prosecutor be named to replace the state prosecutors. ckp/kw/bl Former South Korean general-turned-president Chun Doo-Hwan on Saturday was headed back to his humble hometown of Hapchon, where he was born the sixth of nine children during the Japanese occupation. Chun, 62, was driving away from the continuing outcry over the bloody incident that still haunts him and the nation -- the 1980 Kwangju massacre in which troops of Chun's junta mowed down pro-democracry protestors, killing 200 and injuring more than 1,000. Prosecutors, acting on the initiative of incumbent president Kim Young-Sam, had summoned him for questioning in connection with the massacre, and said he would be forcibly taken in if he did not comply. The summons smacked of betrayal to Chun, who had retreated to a remote Buddhist monastery for about two years after stepping down in 1988 to atone for his past under a deal with his predecessor Roh Tae-Woo, . How could Kim, he said, standing ramrod-straight in the street outside his home reading a prepared statement, accuse him of rebellion in the coup in which Chun took power, when Kim had allied himself with Chun's own party to run for president? How too could Kim go back on the agreement the president had been party to under which he had gone into internal exile?, he asked. Many South Koreans looking back on Chun's life say the one thing he can be remembered for was keeping his word that he would step down at the end of his term in 1988. Much to the surprise of many, he did, ending a public life which began when he entered the then-fledgling Korean Military Academy during the 1950-53 Korean War after a childhood, biographers say, is better remembered for his sports prowess than his brains. After marrying the daughter of a well-to-do officer in 1959, he went on to study in the US army's psychological warfare college in North Carolina. A supporter of assassinated former president Park Chung-Hee's coup in 1961, Chun started amassing the power he needed in his steady climb up the military ranks, which saw him commanding the South Korean White Horse Division in Vietnam in 1970. A general in 1973, he moved into the presidential security service and then onto the command of the capital and the frontline 1st Division, gained kudos for the discovery of North Korean tunnels under the DMZ. In the chaos and brief democratic spring after Park's assassination in 1979, Chun moved in what Mark Clifford in his book "Troubled Tiger" described as an "odd creeping coup d'etat" that began on December 12, 1979 and finished with the imposition of martial law on May 16 1980. The junta led by Chun closed down newspapers, jailed opposition politicians, sent 57,000 people to "purification" reeducation camps, quashed labor unrest, purged the bureaucracy -- and shocked the world with Kwangju. The economy was in crisis, but foreign banks were unwilling to risk bailing out a regime with no stamp of legitimacy. But gradually, largely through leaving the economy to technocrats and building on the foundation laid by Park, the economy turned painfully around and in 1986 showed its first ever trade surplus. South Korea's drive to pull itself out of the ruins of the 1950-53 war had succeeded, and in the two years before Chun stepped down, the economy was racing ahead with a phenomenal 12 percent growth rate. But Kwangju was never forgotten, and alongside the economic boom pro-democracy protests mounted and exploded into the streets of the capital. By 1987 central Seoul was a battlefield until a balding, bespectacled Chun appeared on national television and agreed to democratic reforms. kw/ckp/pvh Document 349 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 02, 1995 02:06 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 267 words HEADLINE: Chun arrives in home town DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec 2 BODY: Former South Korean president Chun Doo-Hwan arrived in his southern home town of Hapchon on Saturday after defying an order to present himself to prosecutors in Seoul for questioning on the 1980 Kwangju massacre, television reports said. Chun was welcomed as a son of the soil by a crowd of some 500 locals, after paying a visit to his ancestors' tombs on the outskirts of Hapchon, some 300 kilometers (185 miles) from here, Yonhap television showed. "Because I thought the political situation might prevent me from coming home again soon, I came now," he told the crowd. Earlier Saturday, Chun, 62, declared in a statement read outside his Seoul home that he had no intention of obeying a summons to the prosecutor's office for questioning over the 1980 massacre by junta troops in the city of Kwangju in which more than 200 people were killed. The former president, who headed the junta at the time of the massacre and went on to become president from 1980 to 1988, challenged incumbent President Kim Young-Sam to explain his own political connections with Chun's party. The prosecutor had said on Friday that should Chun not obey the summons, he would be taken to the prosecutor's office by force. bur-kw/ckp/bl Document 350 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 02, 1995; Saturday 03:31 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 754 words BYLINE: PAUL ALEXANDER DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: Prosecutors sought an arrest warrant Saturday for former President Chun Doo-hwan after he refused to be questioned about his role in a brutal 1980 crackdown on a pro-democracy uprising. Chun earlier left the capital for his rural hometown after a televised address in which he also accused current President Kim Young-sam of trying to deflect attention from a burgeoning political scandal with a witch hunt. Banners and 500 villagers welcomed Chun home in Hapchon, where he remains a favorite son. Relatives spent the day cleaning up and preparing a feast. A small group of protesters dispersed after scuffling with local residents. Chun's decision to ignore a prosecution summons had set up a showdown with the government, and prompted a new round of public cries for harsh action against the generals blamed for ordering the ''Kwangju Massacre.'' Prosecutors then questioned a second former president, Roh Tae-woo, who also has been implicated in the 1980 crackdown and already is in jail after being charged last month with corruption. Choi Kyu-ha, who served as a figurehead for eight months after a Dec. 12, 1979, military coup led by Chun and Roh also might be questioned. The prosecutors' office said it had been flooded with dozens of angry calls from citizens demanding Chun's immediate arrest. Since the scandal involving Roh's dlrs 650 million slush fund broke in late October, Kim has been trying to distance himself from his military-backed predecessors before parliamentary elections next April. But with Chun's defiance Kim finds himself increasingly mired in the snowballing scandal. ''I will not cooperate with the prosecutors' summons or with any other summons,'' Chun said in his 10-minute live address that stopped the nation in its tracks during the morning rush hour. ''If prosecutors want to bring charges against me, they should do it based on my previous answers.'' He then visited the graves of his ancestors at the National Cemetery before heading by motorcade to Hapchon, several hours' drive from Seoul. Chun gave written responses to prosecutors' questions earlier in their investigation of the 1980 Kwangju massacre, in which at least 240 people were killed and 1,800 injured by official count. Dissidents claim the toll was much higher. The crackdown with tanks crushed a nine-day pro-democracy uprising in the southern city, the bloodiest in modern South Korean history. It remains one of the country's most divisive issues. Surrounded by security men and facing a huge crowd of media in front of his Seoul home on a cold, crisp morning, Chun suggested that efforts to prosecute him and Roh are politically motivated. Referring to the 1990 three-party merger that brought together Roh's ruling party and Kim's opposition forces, Chun implied that Kim carried his share of blame. ''If I am a criminal who brought confusion to society, then is it not reasonable that President Kim take due responsibility for having come together with such insurrectionists?'' Chun asked. He said he would take all responsibility for the 1979 coup and asked that political revenge not be taken against those involved in the coup and the massacre. The opposition Democratic Party called Chun's statement ''shameless and impudent.'' ''Chun will not be able avoid the anger of the people,'' it said. ''Prosecutors are urged to question Chun and all others involved in the coup.'' Chun's demeanor was in sharp contrast with Roh's tearful nationally televised address in which he admitted running the huge slush fund while in office. Chun was president in 1981-88. He was followed by Roh, who gave way in 1993 to Kim, the first civilian president in 32 years. Kim had previously said that the Kwangju crackdown should be judged by history, not by the courts. But he changed his mind after Roh's financial scandal was uncovered. Four thousand students in four cities staged protests Friday to demand harsh punishment for Chun and Roh. Smaller protests were held Saturday, although 11 activists who went to Hapchon from nearby Taegu dispersed after a brief scuffle with villagers. The government is pushing a special law to punish Roh and Chun in connection with Kwangju. Officials said it would call for the death penalty. Chun also faced corruption charges after he stepped down in 1988. He was forced to apologize to the nation, donate millions of dollars to the government and go into self-imposed exile at a remote Buddhist temple. Document 351 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 02, 1995; Saturday 04:37 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 597 words BYLINE: JU-YEON KIM DATELINE: KWANGJU, South Korea BODY: Next to Lee Jae-ho's grave is a plastic box filled with paper cranes, their colors bleached by the sun. Legend says 1,000 of them make dreams come true. Lee, 15, was shot down by paratroopers for standing up against a newly installed military junta and demanding it be ousted. More than 15 years later, Kwangju's dreams of punishment for the junta's leaders may finally be realized. In an abrupt policy reversal last week, President Kim Young-sam ordered enactment of a special law to prosecute those responsible for what is known as the Kwangju Massacre. At least 240 civilians were killed when crack troops were used to put down pro-democracy protests by tens of thousands of Kwangju citizens in May 1980. More than half are buried atop a small hill at Mangwol-dong Cemetery. Grave No. 135 belongs to Choi Mi-ae, fatally shot in front of her home while waiting for her husband. A framed photograph next to the gray tombstone shows a smiling woman in a white wedding gown. She was eight months pregnant when she died, the epithet says. At the foot of the hill is a row of 34 caricatures of the ''criminals'' who activists say must be punished. Featured prominently are former Presidents Chun Doo-hwan and Roh Tae-woo, who headed the junta that ordered the crackdown. They could face the death penalty if found guilty of military insurrection under the special law, expected to be enacted this month. Also among the portraits is former U.S. President Ronald Reagan, his fingernails red from squeezing blood from Korea. He is accused of being an accomplice for not coming down hard enough at the time on the Seoul government, which considers Washington its foremost ally. Punishment had been a key demand in bloody and violent anti-government and anti-U.S. protests in Kwangju for the past 15 years. ''Only the punishment of those who were responsible will melt away the years of hatred and sadness frozen in people's hearts,'' said farmer Kim Young-bae, 57. ''At last, what should have happened so long ago is finally happening,'' said Woo Chung-nak, 27. But even though much of Kwangju welcomed the decision, some remained wary. ''We want total and full punishment. But whether that will happen remains to be seen,'' said Choi Tae-young, 24, a student leader at Kwangju's Chunnam University. Political opponents have accused President Kim of ordering the special law to deflect attention from a political scandal that has threatened to engulf him and endanger his party. Choi and other activists fear that once the political heat surrounding the current money-politics scandal cools off, so will Kim's determination to punish his predecessors. Chun served as president starting in 1980, to be followed by Roh in 1988. Kim, a longtime anti-government leader, joined forces with Roh in a three-party merger in 1990, and won the presidency on its ticket in 1992. But for those visiting Mangwol-dong Cemetery on a recent cold autumn day, the politics behind the abrupt change didn't matter as much as the change itself. ''My heart aches,'' said Chung Byung-ho, 34, gazing at a photograph of a somber young man dressed in black school uniform, hair cropped short, propped up next to a grave. ''I was also 19 at the time, like him.'' Chung didn't know the man or any of the others buried here. But he made a pilgrimage to the cemetery anyway, carrying a bouquet of yellow chrysanthemums, considered mourning flowers. ''By making sure that this will never happen again, their deaths will not have been wasted,'' he said. Document 352 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 02, 1995; Saturday R 01:54 Eastern Time LENGTH: 534 words BYLINE: PAUL SHIN DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: The paths that the two generals-turned-presidents have taken since childhood are almost identical. But their handling of government attempts to prosecute them couldn't have been more different. Former President Roh Tae-woo tearfully admitted on live national television Oct. 27 that he had amassed a dlrs 650 million slush fund during his 1988-93 term and that only dlrs 230 million was left in secret bank accounts. Three weeks later, he was arrested on bribery charges, becoming the first ex-president to face legal punishment for wrongdoing in office. If convicted, he faces 10 years to life in prison. Roh was submissive and apologetic throughout. He endured marathon interrogations by prosecutors one lasting nearly 30 hours without complaint. When he was arrested, he went quietly, telling the nation one last time that he was sorry. On Saturday, Roh's predecessor as president, Chun Doo-hwan, faced an even more serious accusation leading the ''Kwangju Massacre'' of pro-democracy protesters in the southern city of Kwangju in 1980. But Chun was dry-eyed and ostentatiously defiant as he rejected a summons for questioning about the 1980 crackdown. He even challenged President Kim Young-sam to clarify what he alleged was a shady political past. He was referring to a 1990 three-party merger in which Kim, a former dissident, joined the ruling camp, which had been established by Chun and Roh. ''If I am a criminal who brought confusion, what is Kim who came together with such forces?'' Chun asked. ''President Kim must make his own history clear at this time.'' Chun and Roh were childhood friends, then army buddies. Born near Taegu, a major provincial city, they graduated from the Korea Military Academy, the powerhouse of Korean politics, in 1955. About a month after their mentor, then-President Park Chung-hee who also comes from Taegu was assassinated by his intelligence chief, they staged an internal coup and seized power. They later sent tanks and crack paratroopers to crush the nine-day pro-democracy uprising in Kwangju. By official count, at least 240 people were killed and more than 1,800 others injured. Chun became president in 1980 and was replaced in 1988 by Roh, who gave way to Kim, the first leader with no military background in 32 years. The reaction of their aides and associates also separated the two old buddies. When Roh was summoned and arrested, only a handful of aides were around him. Even his former chief bodyguard, later arrested in connection with the slush fund scandal, dumped all blame on Roh. In contrast, Chun his back ramrod straight and his head held high was surrounded by a hoard of former Cabinet ministers when he defiantly read a statement in front of his house in Seoul, denying responsibility for the Kwangju bloodbath. He then left Seoul to visit his hometown, where he planned to stay for the time being, far from the prosectors and government officials in Seoul. There have been no reports that any of his aides have turned against Chun. An old-style political boss who is known to take good care of his subordinates, Chun is believed to retain many supporters within the ruling party. Document 353 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 02, 1995; Saturday 15:03 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 676 words BYLINE: SANG-HUN CHOE *REPLACE* DATELINE: HAPCHON, South Korea BODY: An arrest warrant was issued for former President Chun Doo-hwan Saturday after he refused to be questioned about his role in a brutal 1980 crackdown on a pro-democracy uprising. The warrant was not immediately made public, but news reports quoting prosecution sources said the charges were for leading a military coup that preceded the so-called Kwangju Massacre by six months. ''Following the principle that all are equal before the law, Chun is just one person who must be judged before the law if he broke the law,'' Judge Shim Hung-chul told reporters after signing the warrant. Treason charges related to Kwangju could be added later after passage of a special law being pushed through the legislature at President Kim Young-sam's behest. It was unclear how far Chun's defiance would extend. He left Seoul for his rural hometown after a televised address in which he accused Kim of a witch hunt to deflect attention from a burgeoning political scandal. Banners and 500 villagers welcomed Chun home in Hapchon, where he remains a favorite son. Relatives spent the day cleaning up and preparing a feast. Chun's decision to ignore a prosecution summons had set up a showdown with the government, and prompted a new round of public cries for harsh action against the generals blamed for ordering the Kwangju Massacre. By official count, at least 240 people were killed in the 1980 massacre and 1,800 injured. Dissidents claim the toll was much higher. The crackdown with tanks crushed a nine-day pro-democracy uprising in the southern city, the bloodiest in modern South Korean history. It remains one of the country's most divisive issues. Prosecutors have questioned a second former president, Roh Tae-woo, who also has been implicated in the 1980 crackdown and already is in jail after being charged last month with corruption. He is expected to be indicted for bribery Monday. Choi Kyu-ha, who served as a figurehead for eight months after a Dec. 12, 1979, military coup led by Chun and Roh, also might be questioned about the massacre. The prosecutors' office said it had been flooded with dozens of angry calls from citizens demanding Chun's immediate arrest. Since the scandal involving Roh's dlrs 650 million slush fund broke in late October, Kim has been trying to distance himself from his military-backed predecessors before parliamentary elections next April. The prosecution of Chun and Roh over the Kwangju crackdown was one step in Kim's effort to restore his popularity. But with Chun's defiance, Kim finds himself increasingly mired in the snowballing scandal. Chun gave written responses to prosecutors' questions earlier in their investigation of the Kwangju massacre. ''I will not cooperate with the prosecutors' summons or with any other summons,'' Chun said in his 10-minute live TV address Saturday. ''If prosecutors want to bring charges against me, they should do it based on my previous answers.'' In several major cities Saturday, hundreds of students and other dissidents threw firebombs at riot police and demanded harsh punishment for Chun and Roh. Chun was president in 1981-88. He was followed by Roh, who gave way in 1993 to Kim, the first civilian president in 32 years. Chun faced corruption charges after he stepped down in 1988. He was forced to apologize to the nation, donate millions of dollars to the government and go into self-imposed exile at a remote Buddhist temple. Speaking to reporters today, Chun said he would take full responsibility for the 1979 coup and asked that political revenge not be taken against those involved in the coup and the massacre. Chun's demeanor sharply contrasted with Roh's tearful nationally televised address in which he admitted running the huge slush fund while in office. The opposition Democratic Party called Chun's statement ''shameless and impudent.'' ''Chun will not be able to avoid the anger of the people,'' it said. ''Prosecutors are urged to question Chun and all others involved in the coup.'' Document 354 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 02, 1995; Saturday 18:31 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 78 words BYLINE: SANG-HUN CHOE *REPLACE* DATELINE: HAPCHON, South Korea BODY: Former President Chun Doo-hwan was arrested early Sunday, a day after he refused to be questioned about his role in a brutal 1980 crackdown on a pro-democracy uprising. The warrant charged the 63-year-old retired four-star army general with violating the military criminal code by leading a coup that preceded the so-called Kwangju Massacre by six months. The insurrection charges call for the death penalty. ''Following the principle, 3rd graf pvs Document 355 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 02, 1995; Saturday 19:04 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 567 words BODY: Here is a summary of late news from The Associated Press. Stories carried ''i'' or ''f'' category codes. Some of the items below have moved on this circuit in expanded form: HAPCHON, South Korea (AP) Former President Chun Doo-hwan was arrested early Sunday, a day after he refused to be questioned about his role in a brutal 1980 crackdown on a pro-democracy uprising. The warrant charged the 63-year-old retired four-star army general with violating the military criminal code by leading a coup that preceded the so-called Kwangju Massacre by six months. The insurrection charges call for the death penalty. ''Following the principle that all are equal before the law, Chun is just one person who must be judged before the law if he broke the law,'' Judge Shim Hung-chul told reporters after signing the warrant. SARAJEVO, Bosnia-Herzegovina (AP) In his first public appearance since the Balkan peace accord, the Bosnian Serb military leader declared Saturday that Sarajevo Serbs would never submit to Bosnian government control. Gen. Ratko Mladic repeated calls by the Bosnian Serb leadership for changes in the U.S.-mediated accord reached in Dayton, Ohio last month. ''We cannot allow our people to come under the rule of butchers,'' Mladic said, referring to the Muslims and Croats his troops fought for 3 1/2 years. ''A new and just solution, especially for Sarajevo, must be found,'' he said in a speech to mark the formation of a new Bosnian Serb army brigade. Mladic's statement indicated he could become a key obstacle to implementing the agreement. BAUMHOLDER, Germany (AP) President Clinton gave anxious American troops reassuring orders Saturday, telling them to respond ''immediately and with decisive force'' if threatened with attack in Bosnia. Thousands of soldiers roared back their thanks. On a cold, foggy afternoon, 4,000 troops of the 1st Armored Division stood in formation in camouflage fatigues for a send-off from the commander-in-chief. Many of them are combat-tested in the Persian Gulf War, and Clinton said, ''America summons you to service again. This time, not with a call to war but a call to peace.'' PARIS (AP) France's pride its modern, world-class national railway has become its biggest nightmare. In their crusade against belt-tightening cuts, rail workers are the engine of a nationwide walkout that has mobilized postal, utility and other public workers. The strike, which has throttled the economy, entered its ninth day Saturday. And there's no end in sight: Teachers, bank and airline employees are joining Monday. To slash a huge budget deficit, the government has prescribed wage freezes for all 5 million public workers and a 2 1/2-year extension of their social security payments before retiring. For Robert Hue, head of the French Communist Party which has a large following among public workers, that amounts to ''ripping up the achievements of our civilization.'' HARARE, Zimbabwe (AP) Schoolchildren watched horrified from the banks of a man-made lake as 22 of their classmates drowned in a capsized ferry only 50 yards (meters) from shore. Officials said Friday's accident was the worst boating disaster in this landlocked country's history. The students, ages 12-14, were on an excursion in the catamaran ferry on Lake Chivero. There were conflicting accounts what caused the accident. Document 356 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 02, 1995; Saturday 19:09 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 722 words BYLINE: PAUL ALEXANDER DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: A former president was arrested early Sunday for his role in a 1979 coup that was followed by the most violent crackdown in South Korea's modern history. The arrest of Chun Doo-hwan comes a day after his refusal to submit to questioning over the savage 1980 crushing of a pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Kwangju. Chun was arrested in his rural hometown, Hapchon, where he remains a favorite son. Supporters scuffled briefly with thousands of police who surrounded his home as the warrant was served and he was taken away. The arrest is the latest episode in a seething power struggle rife with scandal and backbiting. One newspaper has called it a ''political civil war.'' In one corner is Chun, president from 1980-88, whose opponents accuse him of masterminding a 1979 military coup and the 1980 massacre that left at least 240 civilians dead and 1,800 injured. In the opposite corner is current President Kim Young-sam, accused of trying to make political capital out of a case that only months ago he said should be judged by history. He changed his mind after a money scandal involving another former president, Roh Tae-woo, threatened to engulf him. The warrant charged Chun with violating the military criminal code by leading the 1979 coup. The six insurrection charges filed against him call for the death penalty. Treason could be added later for the Kwangju incident after passage of a special law being pushed through the legislature at Kim's behest. Roh, who already is in jail on charges relating to a dlrs 650 million slush fund and is expected to be indicted for bribery on Monday, has also been implicated in the crackdown. Choi Kyu-ha who served as a figurehead leader for eight months after a Dec. 12, 1979, military coup led by Chun and Roh also might be questioned. Prosecutors said their office was flooded with dozens of angry calls from citizens demanding Chun's immediate arrest. KBS TV conducted a telephone poll of 500 people over age 20 and said 69 percent felt the same. And in several cities, hundreds of protesters and other dissidents threw firebombs at riot police and demanded harsh punishment for Chun and Roh. Chun arrived in Hapchon, 150 miles outside Seoul, on Saturday and was greeted with banners and 500 villagers. Relatives spent the day cleaning up and preparing a feast for him. Prosecutors, who obtained the warrant just before midnight, arrived a little more than six hours later, with 2,000 plainclothes policemen. About 100 villagers, who shivered around bonfires through the night, cursed at and briefly scuffled with police, who surrounded Chun's fenced compound and before prosecutors went inside to deliver the warrant. With the pre-dawn scene illuminated by TV lights and 30 residents watching from their roofs, Chun finally emerged more than a half-hour later, looking grim but holding his head high. He waved to his supporters before silently walking to a waiting car for the long drive back to Seoul. Protesters briefly blocked the motorcade, shouting: ''Punish Chun Doo-hwan! Send him to prison!'' In a live televised news conference just hours before he was to appear for questioning, Chun was defiant, unlike successor Roh, who tearfully owned up to amassing the slush fund during his term, and then went quietly to jail. ''I will not cooperate with the prosecutors' summons or with any other summons,'' Chun said in the 10-minute statement that stopped the nation in its tracks during the morning rush hour. The former president also took a swipe at Kim, who has been trying to distance himself from his military predecessors. Chun reminded Kim that he embraced that group in a three-party merger in 1990 that led him to the presidency in 1993. ''If I am a criminal who brought confusion to society, then is it not reasonable that President Kim take due responsibility for having come together with such insurrectionists?'' asked Chun, flanked by former Cabinet ministers outside his Seoul home. He added that he is willing to take full responsibility for the 1979 massacre. Chun faced corruption charges after he stepped down in 1988, was forced to apologize to the nation, donate millions of dollars to the government and go into self-imposed exile at a remote Buddhist temple. Document 357 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 02, 1995; Saturday R 20:57 Eastern Time LENGTH: 647 words BYLINE: PAUL ALEXANDER DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: Former President Chun Doo-hwan was arrested early Sunday for his role in a 1979 coup that was followed by the most violent crackdown in South Korea's modern history. Chun became the second ex-president to be thrown into jail for alleged misdeeds in office. His immediate successor, Roh Tae-woo, was arrested 19 days ago, on corruption charges. On Saturday Chun had refused to submit to questioning by prosecutors over the savage 1980 crushing of a pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Kwangju. In his rural hometown, Hapchon, where he remains a favorite son, Chun supporters scuffled briefly with thousands of police who surrounded his home, served the arrest warrant and took him away. After a four-hour drive, the 64-year-old retired four-star general was taken to a prison outside Seoul, a 30-minute drive from the prison where Roh is kept. He was put in a 12-square meter (130-square foot) solitary cell. The arrest is the latest episode in a power struggle rife with scandal and backbiting what one newspaper called a ''political civil war.'' In one corner is Chun, president from 1980-88, whose opponents accuse him of masterminding a 1979 military coup and the 1980 massacre that left at least 240 civilians dead and 1,800 injured. In the opposite corner is current President Kim Young-sam, accused of trying to make political capital out of a case that only months ago he said should be judged by history. He changed his mind after a huge money scandal involving his immediate predecessor, Roh, threatened to engulf him. The warrant charged Chun with violating the military criminal code by leading the 1979 coup. The six-count insurrection charges call for the death penalty. Treason could be added later for the Kwangju incident after passage of a special law being pushed through the legislature at Kim's behest. Roh, who already is in jail on charges relating to a dlrs 650 million slush fund and is expected to be indicted for bribery on Monday, has also been implicated in the crackdown. Choi Kyu-ha who served as a figurehead leader for eight months after the Dec. 12, 1979, military coup led by Chun and Roh also might be questioned. Prosecutors said their office was flooded with dozens of angry calls from citizens demanding Chun's immediate arrest. KBS TV conducted a telephone poll of 500 people over age 20 and said 69 percent felt the same. Chun arrived in Hapchon, 250 kilometers (150 miles) outside Seoul, on Saturday after issuing a statement in Seoul in which he attacked the Kim government for seeking what he described as political revenge. Chun looked grim as he was arrested under the illuminated TV lights in his rural hometown. He waved to several dozen supporters before silently walking to a waiting car for the long drive back to Seoul. Throughout the 24-hour confrontation, Chun was defiant, unlike Roh, who tearfully owned up to amassing the slush fund during his term, and then went quietly to jail. ''I will not cooperate with the prosecutors' summons or with any other summons,'' Chun said in the 10-minute statement in Seoul Saturday before leaving for his rural home. The former president also took a swipe at Kim, who has been trying to distance himself from his military predecessors. Chun reminded Kim that he embraced that group in a three-party merger in 1990 that led him to the presidency in 1993. ''If I am a criminal who brought confusion to society, then is it not reasonable that President Kim take due responsibility for having come together with such insurrectionists?'' asked Chun, flanked by former Cabinet ministers outside his Seoul home. Chun also faced corruption charges after he stepped down in 1988, was forced to apologize to the nation, donate millions of dollars to the government and go into self-imposed exile at a remote Buddhist temple. Document 358 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 02, 1995; Saturday R 22:00 Eastern Time LENGTH: 714 words BYLINE: PAUL ALEXANDER DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: Former President Chun Doo-hwan was arrested early Sunday for his role in a 1979 coup that was followed by the most violent crackdown in South Korea's modern history. Chun became the second ex-president to be thrown into jail for alleged misdeeds in office. His immediate successor, Roh Tae-woo, was arrested 19 days ago, on corruption charges. On Saturday Chun had refused to submit to questioning by prosecutors over the savage 1980 crushing of a pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Kwangju. In his rural hometown, Hapchon, where he remains a favorite son, Chun supporters scuffled briefly with thousands of police who surrounded his home, served the arrest warrant and took him away. After a four-hour drive, the 64-year-old retired four-star general was taken to a prison outside Seoul, a 30-minute drive from the prison where Roh is kept. He was put in a 12-square meter (130-square foot) solitary cell. About 1,000 people turned out to see Chun's arrival at the prison. Around 30 demonstrators called for stern punishment with placards that read ''Congratulations! Chun Doo-hwan's arrest'' and ''Execute the murderer.'' A few hours later, four prosecutors began questioning Chun about his role in the Kwangju massacre. Chun has defended the crackdown as unavoidable to preserve national stability. The arrest is the latest episode in a power struggle rife with scandal and backbiting what one newspaper called a ''political civil war.'' In one corner is Chun, president from 1980-88, whose opponents accuse him of masterminding a 1979 military coup and the 1980 massacre that left at least 240 civilians dead and 1,800 injured. In the opposite corner is current President Kim Young-sam, accused of trying to make political capital out of a case that only months ago he said should be judged by history. He changed his mind after a huge money scandal involving his immediate predecessor, Roh, threatened to engulf him. The warrant charged Chun with violating the military criminal code by leading the 1979 coup. The six-count insurrection charges call for the death penalty. Treason could be added later for the Kwangju incident after passage of a special law being pushed through the legislature at Kim's behest. Roh, who already is in jail on charges relating to a dlrs 650 million slush fund and is expected to be indicted for bribery on Monday, has also been implicated in the crackdown. Choi Kyu-ha who served as a figurehead leader for eight months after the Dec. 12, 1979, military coup led by Chun and Roh also might be questioned. Prosecutors said their office was flooded with dozens of angry calls from citizens demanding Chun's immediate arrest. KBS TV conducted a telephone poll of 500 people over age 20 and said 69 percent felt the same. Chun arrived in Hapchon, 250 kilometers (150 miles) outside Seoul, on Saturday after issuing a statement in Seoul in which he attacked the Kim government for seeking what he described as political revenge. Chun looked grim as he was arrested under the illuminated TV lights in his rural hometown. He waved to several dozen supporters before silently walking to a waiting car for the long drive back to Seoul. Throughout the 24-hour confrontation, Chun was defiant, unlike Roh, who tearfully owned up to amassing the slush fund during his term, and then went quietly to jail. ''I will not cooperate with the prosecutors' summons or with any other summons,'' Chun said in the 10-minute statement in Seoul Saturday before leaving for his rural home. The former president also took a swipe at Kim, who has been trying to distance himself from his military predecessors. Chun reminded Kim that he embraced that group in a three-party merger in 1990 that led him to the presidency in 1993. ''If I am a criminal who brought confusion to society, then is it not reasonable that President Kim take due responsibility for having come together with such insurrectionists?'' asked Chun, flanked by former Cabinet ministers outside his Seoul home. Chun also faced corruption charges after he stepped down in 1988, was forced to apologize to the nation, donate millions of dollars to the government and go into self-imposed exile at a remote Buddhist temple. Document 359 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 02, 1995; Saturday 17:01 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 310 words BYLINE: SANG-HUN CHOE *REPLACE* DATELINE: HAPCHON, South Korea BODY: Former President Chun Doo-hwan was arrested early Sunday, a day after he refused to be questioned about his role in a brutal 1980 crackdown on a pro-democracy uprising. The charges were not immediately made public, but news reports quoting prosecution sources said the warrant was for leading a military coup that preceded the so-called Kwangju Massacre by six months. ''Following the principle that all are equal before the law, Chun is just one person who must be judged before the law if he broke the law,'' Judge Shim Hung-chul told reporters after signing the warrant. Treason charges related to Kwangju could be added later after passage of a special law being pushed through the legislature at President Kim Young-sam's behest. Chun had left Seoul for his rural hometown after a televised address Saturday morning in which he said he would not abide by a prosecution summons and accused Kim of a witch hunt to deflect attention from a burgeoning political scandal. Banners and 500 villagers welcomed Chun home in Hapchon, where he remains a favorite son. Relatives spent the day cleaning up and preparing a feast. Prosecutors, who obtained the warrant just before midnight (1500 GMT), arrived a little more than six hours later, accompanied by 2,000 plainclothes policemen. About 100 villagers, who shivered with 300 journalists around bonfires through the frosty night, cursed at and briefly scuffled with the police, who surrounded Chun's fenced compound and created a shoulder-to-shoulder cordon before prosecutors went inside to deliver the warrant. Dressed in a suit and dark overcoat, Chun waved to supporters before walking to a waiting car for the long drive back to Seoul. Protesters briefly blocked the motorcade, shouting: ''Punish Chun Doo-hwan! Send him to prison!'' Chun's decision, 7th graf pvs Document 360 The Associated Press December 2, 1995, Saturday, AM cycle SECTION: International News LENGTH: 604 words HEADLINE: Kwangju Welcomes Special Law to Punish Those Responsible For Massacre BYLINE: By JU-YEON KIM, Associated Press Writer DATELINE: KWANGJU, South Korea BODY: Next to Lee Jae-ho's grave is a plastic box filled with paper cranes, their colors bleached by the sun. Legend says 1,000 of them make dreams come true. Lee, 15, was shot down by paratroopers in 1980 for demanding the ouster of a newly installed military junta. More than 15 years later, Kwangju's dreams of punishment for the junta's leaders may finally be realized. In an abrupt policy reversal last week, President Kim Young-sam ordered enactment of a special law to prosecute those responsible for what is known as the Kwangju Massacre. At least 240 civilians were killed when crack troops were used to put down pro-democracy protests by tens of thousands of Kwangju citizens in May 1980. More than half are buried atop a small hill at Mangwol-dong Cemetery. An arrest warrant was issued Saturday for former President Chun Doo-hwan after he refused to be questioned about his role in the massacre. Grave No. 135 belongs to Choi Mi-ae, fatally shot in front of her home while waiting for her husband. A framed photograph next to the gray tombstone shows a smiling woman in a white wedding gown. She was eight months pregnant when she died, the epitaph says. At the foot of the hill is a row of 34 caricatures of the "criminals" who activists say must be punished. Featured prominently are former Presidents Chun and Roh Tae-woo, who headed the junta that ordered the crackdown. They could face the death penalty if found guilty of military insurrection under the special law, expected to be enacted this month. Also represented is former President Ronald Reagan, his fingernails red from squeezing blood from Korea. He is accused of being an accomplice for not coming down hard enough on the government, which considers Washington its foremost ally. Punishment had been a key demand in the violent anti-government and anti-U.S. protests in Kwangju for the past 15 years. "Only the punishment of those who were responsible will melt away the years of hatred and sadness frozen in people's hearts," said farmer Kim Young-bae, 57. But political opponents have accused President Kim of ordering the special law to deflect attention from a corruption scandal that has threatened to engulf him and endanger his party. Roh is already in jail after being charged last month with corruption in connection with a $ 650 million slush fund. He is expected to be indicted for bribery Monday. Some activists fear that once the political heat surrounding the scandal cools off, so will Kim's determination to punish his predecessors. Chun accused Kim in a televised address Saturday of launching a witch-hunt to deflect attention from the bribery scandal. Chun served as president starting in 1980, to be followed by Roh in 1988. Kim, an anti-government leader, joined forces with Roh in a three-party merger in 1990, and won the presidency on its ticket in 1992. "We want total and full punishment. But whether that will happen remains to be seen," said Choi Tae-young, 24, a student leader at Kwangju's Chunnam University. For those visiting Mangwol-dong Cemetery on a recent cold autumn day, the reasons for the special law didn't matter. "My heart aches," said Chung Byung-ho, 34, gazing at a photograph of a somber young man in a black school uniform and a crewcut, propped up next to a grave. "I was also 19 at the time, like him." Chung didn't know the man or any of the others buried here. But he made the pilgrimage anyway, carrying a bouquet of yellow chrysanthemums, considered mourning flowers. "By making sure that this will never happen again, their deaths will not have been wasted," he said. Document 361 The Associated Press December 2, 1995, Saturday, AM cycle SECTION: International News LENGTH: 819 words HEADLINE: Ex-President Refuses to Answer Probe of 1980 Massacre BYLINE: By PAUL ALEXANDER, Associated Press Writer DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: Former President Chun Doo-hwan refused Saturday to be questioned about his role in a brutal 1980 crackdown on a pro-democracy uprising, accusing the current president of a witch hunt. Chun's refusal set up a showdown with the government and prosecutors, and prompted a new round of public cries for harsh action against the generals blamed for ordering the "Kwangju Massacre." Prosecutors said they first would question another ex-president, Roh Tae-woo, who also has been implicated in the 1980 massacre and who already is in jail after being charged last month with corruption in office. And it was possible that a third former president - Choi Kyu-ha, who served as a figurehead for eight months after a Dec. 12, 1979, military coup led by Chun and Roh - also might be questioned. Prosecutors said a decision on Chun, who immediately went to his hometown after his live nationally televised address, could come later in the day. They ordered him not to leave the country. The prosecutors' office said it was flooded with dozens of angry calls from citizens demanding Chun be arrested immediately. Chun's refusal to cooperate or go quietly - as Roh did last month - further raised the stakes for President Kim Young-sam. Since the scandal involving Roh's $ 650 million slush fund broke in late October, Kim has been trying to distance himself from his military-backed predecessors. The investigation of Chun and Roh over the Kwangju crackdown was one step in Kim's effort to restore his popularity before parliamentary elections next April. But with Chun's defiance, Kim finds himself increasingly mired in the scandal. "I will not cooperate with the prosecutors' summons or with any other summons," Chun said. "If prosecutors want to bring charges against me, they should do it based on my previous answers. ... I will accept and follow any decision made by the courts." Symbolically, he then paid a visit to the military National Cemetery before heading by motorcade to Hapchon, several hours' drive from Seoul. That guaranteed he would not be around to appear before prosecutors in the afternoon as they had requested. Chun gave written responses to prosecutors' questions earlier in their investigation of the 1980 Kwangju massacre, in which at least 240 people were killed and 1,800 injured by official count. Dissidents claim the toll was much higher. The crackdown with tanks crushed a nine-day pro-democracy uprising in the southern city, the bloodiest in modern South Korea history. It remains one of the country's most divisive issues. Surrounded by security men and faced with a huge crowd of journalists in front of his house on a cold, crisp morning, Chun said prosecutors pursuing the massacre investigation under Kim's orders are acting out of political necessity, rather than a desire to learn the truth. Referring to the 1990 three-party merger that brought together Roh's ruling party and Kim's opposition forces, Chun implied that Kim carried his share of blame. "If I am a criminal who brought confusion to society, then is it not reasonable that President Kim take due responsibility for having come together with such insurrectionists?" Chun asked. "President Kim must make his own history clear at this time." He said he would take all responsibility for the 1979 coup and asked that political revenge not be taken against those involved in the coup and the Kwangju massacre. The opposition Democratic Party called Chun's statement "shameless and impudent." "Chun will not be able avoid the anger of the people," it said. "Prosecutors are urged to question Chun and all others involved in in the coup." Chun's demeanor was a sharp contrast with Roh's tearful nationally televised address in which he admitted he amassed a slush fund while in office. Chun was president in 1981-88. He was followed by Roh, who gave way in 1993 to Kim, the first civilian president in 32 years. Kim had previously said that the Kwangju crackdown should be judged by history, not by the courts. But he changed his mind after Roh's financial scandal was uncovered. "We must resolutely clear the legacy of historic wrongs which have made our people sad and unfortunate," Kim said Friday. Four thousand students in four cities staged protests Friday to demand harsh punishment for Chun and Roh. The government is pushing a special law to punish Roh and Chun in connection with Kwangju. Officials said it would call for the death penalty. The opposition claims the moves to punish the ex-presidents are an attempt at diverting public attention from the slush fund, which some allege helped fund Kim's 1992 presidential campaign. Kim has denied the allegations. Chun also faced corruption allegations after he stepped down in 1988. He was forced to apologize to the nation, donate millions of dollars to the government and go into self-imposed exile at a remote Buddhist temple. Document 362 The Associated Press December 2, 1995, Saturday, AM cycle SECTION: International News LENGTH: 771 words HEADLINE: Former South Korean President Arrested For Coup Role BYLINE: By PAUL ALEXANDER, Associated Press Writer DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: A former president was arrested early Sunday for his role in a 1979 coup that was followed by the most violent crackdown in South Korea's modern history. The arrest of Chun Doo-hwan comes a day after his refusal to submit to questioning over the savage 1980 crushing of a pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Kwangju. Chun was arrested in his rural hometown, Hapchon, where he remains a favorite son. Supporters scuffled briefly with thousands of police who surrounded his home as the warrant was served and he was taken away. The arrest is the latest episode in a seething power struggle rife with scandal and backbiting. One newspaper has called it a "political civil war." In one corner is Chun, president from 1980-88, whose opponents accuse him of masterminding a 1979 military coup and the 1980 massacre that left at least 240 civilians dead and 1,800 injured. In the opposite corner is current President Kim Young-sam, accused of trying to make political capital out of a case that only months ago he said should be judged by history. He changed his mind after a money scandal involving another former president, Roh Tae-woo, threatened to engulf him. The warrant charged Chun with violating the military criminal code by leading the 1979 coup. The six insurrection charges filed against him call for the death penalty. Treason could be added later for the Kwangju incident after passage of a special law being pushed through the legislature at Kim's behest. Roh, who already is in jail on charges relating to a $ 650 million slush fund and is expected to be indicted for bribery on Monday, has also been implicated in the crackdown. Choi Kyu-ha - who served as a figurehead leader for eight months after a Dec. 12, 1979, military coup led by Chun and Roh - also might be questioned. Prosecutors said their office was flooded with dozens of angry calls from citizens demanding Chun's immediate arrest. KBS TV conducted a telephone poll of 500 people over age 20 and said 69 percent felt the same. And in several cities, hundreds of protesters and other dissidents threw firebombs at riot police and demanded harsh punishment for Chun and Roh. Chun arrived in Hapchon, 150 miles outside Seoul, on Saturday and was greeted with banners and 500 villagers. Relatives spent the day cleaning up and preparing a feast for him. Prosecutors, who obtained the warrant just before midnight, arrived a little more than six hours later, accompanied by 2,000 plainclothes policemen. About 100 villagers, who shivered around bonfires through the night, cursed at and briefly scuffled with police, who surrounded Chun's fenced compound and before prosecutors went inside to deliver the warrant. With the pre-dawn scene illuminated by TV lights and 30 residents watching from their roofs, Chun finally emerged more than a half-hour later, looking grim but holding his head high. He waved to his supporters before silently walking to a waiting car for the long drive back to Seoul. Protesters briefly blocked the motorcade, shouting: "Punish Chun Doo-hwan! Send him to prison!" In a live nationally televised press conference just hours before he was to appear for questioning, Chun was defiant. His chin held high, his back ramrod straight, Chun was unrepentant, unlike successor Roh, who tearfully owned up to amassing the slush fund during his term, and then went quietly to jail. "I will not cooperate with the prosecutors' summons or with any other summons," Chun said in the 10-minute statement that stopped the nation in its tracks during the morning rush hour. The former president also took a swipe at Kim, who has been trying to distance himself from his military predecessors. Chun reminded Kim that he embraced that group in a three-party merger in 1990 that led him to the presidency in 1993. "If I am a criminal who brought confusion to society, then is it not reasonable that President Kim take due responsibility for having come together with such insurrectionists?" Chun asked, flanked by former Cabinet ministers outside his Seoul home. He added that he is willing to take full responsibility for the 1979 massacre. The opposition Democratic Party called Chun's statement "shameless and impudent" and said he would "not be able to avoid the anger of the people." After the press conference, Chun burned incense at the military National Cemetery and returned to Hapchon. Chun faced corruption charges after he stepped down in 1988, was forced to apologize to the nation, donate millions of dollars to the government and go into self-imposed exile at a remote Buddhist temple. Document 363 The Associated Press December 2, 1995, Saturday, PM cycle SECTION: International News LENGTH: 665 words HEADLINE: Arrest Warrant Issued for Ex-President BYLINE: By SANG-HUN CHOE, Associated Press Writer DATELINE: HAPCHON, South Korea BODY: An arrest warrant was issued for former President Chun Doo-hwan today after he refused to be questioned about his role in a brutal 1980 crackdown on a pro-democracy uprising. The warrant was not immediately made public, but news reports quoting prosecution sources said the charges were for leading a military coup that preceded the so-called Kwangju Massacre by six months. "Following the principle that all are equal before the law, Chun is just one person who must be judged before the law if he broke the law," Judge Shim Hung-chul told reporters after signing the warrant. Treason charges related to Kwangju could be added later after passage of a special law being pushed through the legislature at President Kim Young-sam's behest. It was unclear how far Chun's defiance would extend. He left Seoul for his rural hometown after a televised address in which he accused Kim of a witch hunt to deflect attention from a burgeoning political scandal. Banners and 500 villagers welcomed Chun home in Hapchon, where he remains a favorite son. Relatives spent the day cleaning up and preparing a feast. Chun's decision to ignore a prosecution summons had set up a showdown with the government, and prompted a new round of public cries for harsh action against the generals blamed for ordering the Kwangju Massacre. By official count, at least 240 people were killed in the 1980 massacre and 1,800 injured. Dissidents claim the toll was much higher. The crackdown with tanks crushed a nine-day pro-democracy uprising in the southern city, the bloodiest in modern South Korean history. It remains one of the country's most divisive issues. Prosecutors have questioned a second former president, Roh Tae-woo, who also has been implicated in the 1980 crackdown and already is in jail after being charged last month with corruption. He is expected to be indicted for bribery Monday. Choi Kyu-ha, who served as a figurehead for eight months after a Dec. 12, 1979, military coup led by Chun and Roh, also might be questioned about the massacre. The prosecutors' office said it had been flooded with dozens of angry calls from citizens demanding Chun's immediate arrest. Since the scandal involving Roh's $ 650 million slush fund broke in late October, Kim has been trying to distance himself from his military-backed predecessors before parliamentary elections next April. The prosecution of Chun and Roh over the Kwangju crackdown was one step in Kim's effort to restore his popularity. But with Chun's defiance, Kim finds himself increasingly mired in the snowballing scandal. Chun gave written responses to prosecutors' questions earlier in their investigation of the Kwangju massacre. "I will not cooperate with the prosecutors' summons or with any other summons," Chun said in his 10-minute live TV address today. "If prosecutors want to bring charges against me, they should do it based on my previous answers." In several major cities today, hundreds of students and other dissidents threw firebombs at riot police and demanded harsh punishment for Chun and Roh. Chun was president in 1981-88. He was followed by Roh, who gave way in 1993 to Kim, the first civilian president in 32 years. Chun faced corruption charges after he stepped down in 1988. He was forced to apologize to the nation, donate millions of dollars to the government and go into self-imposed exile at a remote Buddhist temple. Speaking to reporters today, Chun said he would take full responsibility for the 1979 coup and asked that political revenge not be taken against those involved in the coup and the massacre. Chun's demeanor sharply contrasted with Roh's tearful nationally televised address in which he admitted running the huge slush fund while in office. The opposition Democratic Party called Chun's statement "shameless and impudent." "Chun will not be able to avoid the anger of the people," it said. "Prosecutors are urged to question Chun and all others involved in the coup." Document 364 The Associated Press December 2, 1995, Saturday, AM cycle SECTION: International News LENGTH: 857 words HEADLINE: Former South Korean President Arrested For Coup Role BYLINE: By PAUL ALEXANDER, Associated Press Writer DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: A former president was arrested early Sunday for his role in a 1979 coup that was followed by the most violent crackdown in South Korea's modern history. The arrest of Chun Doo-hwan comes a day after his refusal to submit to questioning over the savage 1980 crushing of a pro-democracy uprising in the southern city of Kwangju. Chun was arrested in his rural hometown, Hapchon, where he remains a favorite son. Supporters scuffled briefly with thousands of police who surrounded his home as the warrant was served and he was taken away. The arrest is the latest episode in a seething power struggle rife with scandal and backbiting. One newspaper has called it a "political civil war." In one corner is Chun, president from 1980-88, whose opponents accuse him of masterminding a 1979 military coup and the 1980 massacre that left at least 240 civilians dead and 1,800 injured. In the opposite corner is current President Kim Young-sam, accused of trying to make political capital out of a case that only months ago he said should be judged by history. He changed his mind after a money scandal involving another former president, Roh Tae-woo, threatened to engulf him. The warrant charged Chun with violating the military criminal code by leading the 1979 coup. The six insurrection charges filed against him call for the death penalty. Treason could be added later for the Kwangju incident after passage of a special law being pushed through the legislature at Kim's behest. Roh, who already is in jail on charges relating to a $ 650 million slush fund and is expected to be indicted for bribery on Monday, has also been implicated in the crackdown. Choi Kyu-ha - who served as a figurehead leader for eight months after a Dec. 12, 1979, military coup led by Chun and Roh - also might be questioned. Prosecutors said their office was flooded with dozens of angry calls from citizens demanding Chun's immediate arrest. KBS TV conducted a telephone poll of 500 people over age 20 and said 69 percent felt the same. And in several cities, hundreds of protesters and other dissidents threw firebombs at riot police and demanded harsh punishment for Chun and Roh. Chun arrived in Hapchon, 150 miles outside Seoul, on Saturday and was greeted with banners and 500 villagers. Relatives spent the day cleaning up and preparing a feast for him. Prosecutors, who obtained the warrant just before midnight, arrived a little more than six hours later, accompanied by 2,000 plainclothes policemen. About 100 villagers, who shivered around bonfires through the night, cursed at and briefly scuffled with police, who surrounded Chun's fenced compound and before prosecutors went inside to deliver the warrant. With the pre-dawn scene illuminated by TV lights and 30 residents watching from their roofs, Chun finally emerged more than a half-hour later, looking grim but holding his head high. He waved to his supporters before silently walking to a waiting car for the long drive back to Seoul. Protesters briefly blocked the motorcade, shouting: "Punish Chun Doo-hwan! Send him to prison!" After a four-hour drive, the 64-year-old retired four-star general was taken to a prison outside Seoul, a 30-minute drive from the prison where Roh is kept. He was placed in a 130-square feet solitary cell. About 1,000 people turned out to see Chun's arrival at the prison, and about 30 people shouted for stern punishment. A few hours later, four prosecutors began questioning Chun on his alleged role in the Kwangju massacre. Chun previously had said the crackdown was inevitable for national stability. In a live nationally televised press conference just hours before he was to appear for questioning Saturday, Chun was defiant. His chin held high, his back ramrod straight, Chun was unrepentant, unlike successor Roh, who tearfully owned up to amassing the slush fund during his term, and then went quietly to jail. "I will not cooperate with the prosecutors' summons or with any other summons," Chun said in the 10-minute statement that stopped the nation in its tracks during the morning rush hour. The former president also took a swipe at Kim, who has been trying to distance himself from his military predecessors. Chun reminded Kim that he embraced that group in a three-party merger in 1990 that led him to the presidency in 1993. "If I am a criminal who brought confusion to society, then is it not reasonable that President Kim take due responsibility for having come together with such insurrectionists?" Chun asked, flanked by former Cabinet ministers outside his Seoul home. He added that he is willing to take full responsibility for the 1979 massacre. The opposition Democratic Party called Chun's statement "shameless and impudent" and said he would "not be able to avoid the anger of the people." After the press conference, Chun burned incense at the military National Cemetery and returned to Hapchon. Chun faced corruption charges after he stepped down in 1988, was forced to apologize to the nation, donate millions of dollars to the government and go into self-imposed exile at a remote Buddhist temple. Document 365 Copyright 1995 Deutsche Presse-Agentur Deutsche Presse-Agentur December 2, 1995, Saturday, BC Cycle 04:52 Central European Time SECTION: Advisories LENGTH: 774 words HEADLINE: Schedule for Saturday, December 2nd, 0400 GMT BODY: Ramstein- U.S. President Clinton arrives 1015 GMT to visit American troops bound for duty in Bosnia. (Bosnia-Clinton, as available) Sarajevo/Zagreb- First members of NATO's peacekeeping force for Bosnia are due to arrive in the Balkans to work on housing, communications and transport links. (Bosnia-NATO, as available) Paris - Developments in France's spreading public-sector strikes, following unions' vow to paralyse the nation Monday. (France-Strikes, Roundup by 1500 GMT) Madrid - Talks between Spanish Foreign Minister Solana, NATO's new Secretary-General-designate, and U.S. Secretary of State Christopher at 1100 GMT. (Spain-US, Roundup by 1400 GMT) - U.S. President Clinton arrives 1900 GMT, meets with King Juan Carlos, Prime Minister Gonzalez. Could sign agreement on relations between EU and U.S. if it is ready (arrival story, Roundup as available) Singapore - Sentencing of former Barings Bank trader Leeson. (Singapore-Leeson, 1st Lead has moved, Roundup by 1300 GMT) Taipei - Taiwan votes for a new parliament, with analysts predicting a close race for the Kuomintang, the ruling party since 1949. (Taiwan-Polls, Roundup by 1400 GMT) Cotonou- Francophone countries' summit begins in Benin; French President Chirac attends despite labour unrest at home. (Francophone-Summit, report by 1400 GMT) Seoul - Developments as Former South Korean President Chun refuses to answer summons to appear before prosecutors in connection with 1980 Kwangju massacre (lead has moved, Roundup on merit) Athens - Latest details of Greek Prime Minister Papandreou's condition in hospital. (Greece-Papandreou, as available) BYLINERS AND BACKGROUNDERS PLANNED: Los Angeles- Battle heats up for new generation of telephone technology. By Peter Bauer (630 words/US-Telecommunication) Stuttgart - Porsche's latest model is a bicycle. By Martin Bensley (640 words/Stuttgart-Porsche) Moscow - Russia's new communists want capitalism to give up peacefully. By Franz Smets (590 words/Russia-Elections) SPORT: Moscow - Russia-United States Davis Cup finals, doubles - Kafelnikov-Olhovsky vs Martin-Reneberg (Tennis-Davis, as available) Document 366 Copyright 1995 -Extel News Limited AFX News December 1, 1995, Friday SECTION: Other; General News; Government; Other Political News LENGTH: 47 words HEADLINE: Ex-South Korean president Chun to be questioned over Kwangju massacre BODY: SEOUL (AFX) - Former South Korean president Chun Doo-Hwan will be summoned tomorrow for questioning in connection with the 1980 Kwangju massacre of pro-democracy demonstrators, prosecutors said. Document 367 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 01, 1995 08:32 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 1014 words HEADLINE: Chun summoned on 1980 massacre BODY: (UPDATES with imminent arrest of Chun, travel ban. Pictures By Zeno Park SEOUL, Dec 1 - Former South Korean president Chun Doo-Hwan was summoned to appear Saturday for questioning on the 1980 Kwangju massacre and local newspapers predicted he would be arrested. "We have requested former president Chun Doo-Hwan to present himself to the Seoul district prosecutor's office at 3.00 pm (0600 GMT)" on Saturday, Senior prosecutor Lee Jong-Chan told journalists Friday. The Justice Ministry simultaneously imposed a travel ban on Chun and nine others accused of being involved in the massacre. After the announcement some 3,000 students chanting "Arrest Chun Now! Down with (President) Kim Young-Sam!" swarmed into the streets around city hall in central Seoul, witnesses said. Police responded with volleys of tear gas as the students played cat-and-mouse with cascades of rocks. At least 10 were arrested, they said. In Kwangju, some 1,500 students demanding the punishment of all involved in the killings battled riot police, also trading stones for teargas bombs, Yonhap News Agency said. Kim Young-Sam meanwhile warned after a top-level military meeting on Friday that North Korea might try to take military advantage of the political confusion in the South resulting from his decision to punish the kwangju masterminds. Military spokesmen said their alert status had not changed but that they had been ordered to heighten vigilance because of a buildup of fighter planes and bombers by North Korea near the DMZ, the military said here Friday. North Korea's mouthpiece Korea Central 0News Agency (KCNA) on Friday ridiculed suggestions that it would try to cash in on the turmoil with an attack as "slander." It was a knee-jerk reaction by the South "to find a way out of their crisis," said a KCNA broadcast monitored here and in Tokyo. The prosecutor said the summons had been conveyed to a Chun's lawyer but that there was no response from Chun's lawyers, who argue that reviving the massacre case is "unconstitutional and anti-human rights." Should Chun make no reply, the prosecutors would consider making a "forcible summons," he said, adding that Chun had been summoned as a "suspect" not as a witness. Yonhap news agency predicted Chun would be arrested on Saturday and join his successor and military-academy classmate Roh Tae-Woo in jail. Chun and Roh became presidents one after another after seizing power through a 1979 military coup, which triggered a popular uprising in the southwestern city of Kwangju. The pro-democracy movement was brutally quelled by marital law troops, leaving more than 200 people dead by official account and more than 1,000 wounded. Chun's aides have accused Kim Young-Sam of making Chun and Roh "scapegoats" to bolster the sagging popularity of the ruling democrtic Liberal Party (DLP) in the aftermath of a backlash from a massive corruption scandal centered around Roh. Roh was jailed on bribery charges on November 16. Chun's followers have made angry threats to make bombshell revelations concerning 1989 backroom deals on burying the past allegedly reached between then-president Roh and opposition leaders Kim Young-Sam and Kim Dae-Jung. The surprise policy turn-around by Kim Young-Sam last week in ordering the enactment of a special law to punish the Kwangju masterminds, has threatened to split his ruling party, many of whose members are Chun and Roh followers. The ruling camp is also under intense opposition pressure to come clean on how much of Roh's slush fund was funneled for Kim Young-Sam's 1992 presidential election campaign. Asked to comment on the summoning of Chun, top opposition leader Kim Dae-Jung repeated the opposition's demand that a politically neutral special prosecutor must be named to investigate the massacre. The ruling party meanwhile outlined a "A Special Law against Crimes Destroying the Constitutional Orders and Anti-Humanitarian Crimes." Among the provisions of the law is one eliminating a 15-year statute of limitations on charges of insurrections and treason. It would open the way for the two former general-turned-presidents to be punished under the current laws. If convicted, both Chun and Roh could face the death sentence. Meanwhile, prosecutors said that they would indict next week Roh's three key confidants and several business tycoons, probably including Daewoo Group head Kim Woo-Choong, connected with the Roh corruption scandal. The three include ruling Democratic Liberal Party (DLP) lawmaker and former trade minister Kum Jin-Ho, who is one of Roh's in-laws, former top bank supervisor Lee Won-Joe and ex-presidential top economic advisor Kim Chong-In. ckp/kw/mms/msa Document 368 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 01, 1995 02:50 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 680 words HEADLINE: URGENT DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec 1 BODY: Former South Korean president Chun Doo-Hwan will be summoned on Saturday for questioning in connection with the 1980 Kwangju massacre of pro-democracy demonstrators, prosecutors said Friday. bur-kw/tw Former South Korean president Chun Doo-Hwan will be summoned on Saturday for questioning in connection with the 1980 Kwangju massacre, prosecutors said Friday. Chun would also be questioned on the 1979 military coup, senior prosecutor Lee Jong-Chan told journalists. He would be summoned to the Supreme Prosecutor's Office in Seoul at 3.00 pm (0600 GMT) on Saturday, he said. The former general, became president in August of 1980 and stayed in power until 1988. After his retirement he was forced into internal exile in a remote Buddhist temple. His lawyers have hit back at a surprise push announced by the ruling Democratic Liberal Party (DLP) of President Kim Young-Sam last week to bring him to justice for Kwangju, calling it "unconstitutional and anti-human rights." Some 200 were killed and more than 1,000 injured in the Kwangju massacre when the military crushed a pro-democracy uprising. bur-kw/ckp/tw SEOUL, Dec 1 - Former South Korean president Chun Doo-Hwan was summoned on Friday to submit himself for questioning on Saturday for questioning in connection with the 1980 Kwangju massacre. "We have requested former president Chun Doo-Hwan to present himself to the Seoul district prosecutor's office at 3.00 pm (0600 GMT)," for questioning on the 1979 military coup, senior prosecutor Lee Jong-Chan told journalists. He said the summons had been conveyed to Chun's lawyer but that the prosecution had not yet received a response. Should Chun make no reply, the prosecutors would consider making a "forcible summons," he said, adding that the former president had been summoned as a "suspect" not as a witness. Meanwhile news agencies said scores of students had taken to the streets in central Seoul near the city hall, calling for Chun's immediate arrest. Chun, a former general, became president in August of 1980 and stayed in power until 1988. After his retirement he was forced into internal exile in a remote Buddhist temple. His lawyers have hit back at a surprise push announced by the ruling Democratic Liberal Party (DLP) of President Kim Young-Sam last week to bring him to justice for Kwangju, calling it "unconstitutional and anti-human rights." Some 200 were killed and more than 1,000 injured in the Kwangju massacre when the military crushed a pro-democracy uprising. bur-kw/ckp/mms Document 369 Copyright 1995 Agence France Presse Agence France Presse December 01, 1995 03:00 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 414 words HEADLINE: SKorea's ruling party censures MP for "leftist plot" comments DATELINE: SEOUL, Dec 1 BODY: The ruling Democratic Liberal Party (DLP) joined forces with the opposition Friday in censuring one of its MPs for calling moves to punish the masterminds of the 1980 Kwangju massacre a 'leftist plot.' "It is an absurd remark, made by a person who is out of his mind," DLP secretary general Kang San-Jae said of the claim made by MP Hur Hwa-Pyung in parliament Thursday. "It is audacious of him, who was one of the key players in the December 12 and May 17 coups d'etat," Kang added refering to the fact that Hur had been a key aide of former president Chun Doo-Hwan in 1979 and 1980. "Deceptive sophistry," added a spokesman for the main opposition National Congress for New Politics (NCNP), adding a veiled warning that Hur could also be included in those to be punished. The minor Democratic Party (DP) backed the warning, saying Hur had been "one of the main figures who trampled on the constition and killed innocent people." The ruling party membership, which contains followers of Chun and his successor Roh Tae-Woo, is divided over the DLP push to bring the two to justice for the massacre which killed some 200 and wounded more than 1,000 by official count. Hur charged in his speech that "politically left-leaning forces are trying to render the military powerless," and that "left-wingers were pretending to represent a majority of the people while conservatives were silent." South Korea's defence minister Lee Yang-Ho reassured the public that the military backs the drive to punish the Kwangju massacre masterminds after Kim Young-Sam said the punishment drive would be limited to the key players. The chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, General Kim Dong-Jin, who was one of the brigade commanders involved in 1980, has said he will retire if ordered and is ready to stand punishment if it is meted out to him. kw/ckp/mms Document 370 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 01, 1995; Friday 06:43 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 636 words BYLINE: PAUL SHIN *REPLACE* DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: Former President Chun Doo-hwan has been summoned for questioning on his alleged role in a bloody crackdown on pro-democracy protesters 15 years ago, officials said Friday. He became the second ex-president to be summoned for questioning for alleged misdeeds in office. His immediate successor, Roh Tae-woo, was arrested last month on corruption charges. Prosecution officials said Chun, who was president in 1981-88, has been asked to appear for questioning Saturday. They indicated the summons could lead to his arrest. It was not immediately known whether Chun, a retired four-star army general, would honor the summons. He has said he would resist any moves to punish him in connection with the crackdown in the southern city of Kwangju in 1980. The summons was issued hours after President Kim Young-sam called for national efforts to correct historical wrongs, unequivocally referring to the Kwangju massacre, one of the country's most divisive political issues. By official count, at least 240 people were killed and more than 1,800 others injured in the bloodiest civil uprising in modern South Korean history. ''We must resolutely clear the legacy of historic wrongs which have made our people sad and unfortunate,'' Kim said. Kim is leading a campaign to sever ties with past military-backed governments. In 1992, he was elected the first president with no military background in 32 years. Meanwhile, 4,000 students in four cities staged protests to demand that the punishments for Chun and Roh be harsh and that a neutral prosecutor be appointed to oversee the cases. About 200 students in Roh's hometown of Taegu threw firebombs at police after a rally when prevented from marching in the streets. About 2,000 students in Seoul and some 1,500 more in Kwangju also took to the streets, throwing rocks and beating police with heavy metal clubs. Police fought back, firing volleys of tear gas. About 200 students also marched on southern Cheju island, but dispersed peacefully. Chun and Roh, then army generals, seized power in a 1979 internal military coup and later sent tanks and troops to brutally crush the nine-day pro-democracy Kwangju uprising. Roh was arrested last month for taking bribes from businesses over a dlrs 650 million slush fund he operated during his 1988-93 term. That made him the first ex-president to face criminal charges for wrongdoings in office. If convicted, he could be sentenced to 10 years to life in prison. The government is pushing a special law to punish Roh and Chun in connection with the Kwangju case. Officials said it would call for the death penalty. Kim's decision to punish the two ex-presidents in connection with the Kwangju uprising is a reversal of his earlier position that history should judge the case. Aides said the president changed his mind after Roh's huge slush fund scandal was uncovered. Chun also faced corruption charges after he stepped down in 1988. He was forced to apologize to the nation, donate millions of dollars to the government and go into self-imposed exile at a remote Buddhist temple. Kim stands to reap a huge political victory if he can force the two disgraced ex-presidents to stand trial in connection with the Kwangju tragedy. It would help improve his failing popularity ahead of crucial parliamentary elections in April. But he also risks losing support from politically active pro-Chun and Roh groups. About half of the 168 government party legislators are considered pro-Chun and Roh. The opposition claims the moves to punish the ex-presidents are an attempt at diverting public attention from the Roh scandal. Many people think that some of Roh's illicit money was used for Kim's 1992 presidential campaign. Kim has denied the allegations. Document 371 Copyright 1995 Associated Press AP Worldstream December 01, 1995; Friday 23:30 Eastern Time SECTION: International news LENGTH: 860 words BYLINE: PAUL ALEXANDER DATELINE: SEOUL, South Korea BODY: Former President Chun Doo-hwan defiantly refused Saturday to be questioned about his role in a brutal 1980 crackdown on a pro-democracy uprising, accusing the current president of a witch hunt. Chun's refusal set up a showdown with the government and prosecutors, and prompted a new round of public cries for harsh action against the generals blamed for ordering the ''Kwangju Massacre.'' Prosecutors said they first would question a second former president, Roh Tae-woo, who also has been implicated in the 1980 crackdown and already is in jail after being charged last month with corruption in office. And it was possible that a third former president Choi Kyu-ha, who served as a figurehead for eight months after a Dec. 12, 1979, military coup led by Chun and Roh also might be questioned. Prosecutors said a decision on Chun, who immediately went to his hometown after his live nationally televised address, could come later in the day. They banned him from leaving the country. The prosecutors' office said it was flooded with dozens of angry calls from citizens demanding Chun be arrested immediately. Chun's refusal to cooperate or go quietly as Roh did last month further raised the stakes for President Kim Young-sam. Since the scandal involving Roh's dlrs 650 million slush fund broke in late October, Kim has been trying to distance himself from his military-backed predecessors. The prosecution of Chun and Roh over the Kwangju crackdown was one step in Kim's effort to restore his popularity before parliamentary elections next April. But with Chun's defiance Kim finds himself increasingly mired in the snowballing scandal. ''I will not cooperate with the prosecutors' summons or with any other summons,'' Chun said. ''If prosecutors want to bring charges against me, they should do it based on my previous answers. ... I will accept and follow any decision made by the courts.'' Symbolically, he then paid a visit to the National Cemetery before heading by motorcade to Hapchon, several hours' drive from Seoul. That guaranteed he would not be around to appear before prosecutors in the afternoon as they had requested. Chun gave written responses to prosecutors' questions earlier in their investigation of the 1980 Kwangju massacre, in which at least 240 people were killed and 1,800 injured by official count. Dissidents claim the toll was much higher. The crackdown with tanks crushed a nine-day pro-democracy uprising in the southern city, the bloodiest in modern South Korea history. It remains one of the country's most divisive issues. Surrounded by security men and faced by a huge crowd of media in front of his house on a cold, crisp morning,