2010

[이영식영어연구소]

18. 밑줄 친 this가 가리키는 것으로 가장 적절한 것은? [1점]

I used to hear Chopin, but recently I listen to Mozart because everybody says listening to Mozart’s music will make me smart. I also hear many stories including Aesop’s fables and Andersen’s fairy tales. My favorite story is “The Frog Prince,” and I’ve almost learned it by heart because I’ve heard it dozens of times. These days some stories are told in a foreign language, but I can’t understand them very well because the language is not my mother tongue. Apart from listening to music and stories, you will never know how many things I learn through this. Although I am still inside my mom and have never seen the world through my own eyes, I feel I’m quite familiar with the world outside thanks to this. I can’t wait to see the people who have been nurturing and communicating with me for nine months.

① 태교 ② 명상 ③ 독서 ④ 조기 유학 ⑤ 음악 감상

19. 밑줄 친 He[he]가 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

A salesman called on a young grocer named Barney, trying to sell him canned corn. The salesman was especially proud of the fancy label on the can. He said that the customers wouldn’t be able to resist it, so Barney decided to give the product a chance. ①He had a small kitchen at the rear of his store where he tested products. Walking to the back, ②he tore off the fancy label and deliberately threw it on the floor. “My customers don’t eat labels. They eat what’s inside,” ③he told the salesman, who was surprised and fell speechless. While ④he was waiting in fear, the young grocer opened the can ― it was full of hulls! The grocer didn’t order the canned corn. Word spread and Barney gained the reputation that ⑤he sold products of good quality. *hull: 껍데기, 쭉정이

20. 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

I somewhat disagree with everyone saying Mr. Peterson’s class is boring and too demanding. I’ve had Mr. Peterson for Statistics Ⅰand Ⅱ, and I can honestly say that he is detail-oriented and expects a lot from his students. But statistics is about details, facts, and effort among other things. If you’re looking for an easy A, think about taking an easier class; you won’t have to complain about homework or low grades. Mr. Peterson knows his stuff, has a lot of experience, and is very approachable. When I had him, I didn’t get many poor remarks; on the rare occasions I did, it didn’t affect my grade. Overall, this is a class that will give you as much as you put into it.

① to decline a job offer ② to recommend a course

③ to hire a new professor ④ to ask for a quick reply

⑤ to complain about grading

21. 다음 글의 상황에 나타난 분위기로 가장 적절한 것은? [1점]

Bright sunlight filters through the ever-present playground dust. A group of children are playing baseball on the ground. In the distance, there is the faint sound of shouting, a crowd coming closer. Then the crowd bursts through the playground and makes for the airfield. The children see the crowd surging around the field and charging toward a landing helicopter. They also run for the helicopter. A famous movie star Bruce Rain gets out of the helicopter. A boy at the front of the crowd holds out his photograph and the movie star takes it and scribbles his autograph on it. He hands the photograph back to the boy as his bodyguards surround him and hustle him into a car.

① exciting and noisy ② tense and gloomy ③ calm and peaceful

④ warm and romantic ⑤ scary and frightening

22. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Sleep deprivation has a great influence on the immune system. Consider what happens in public schools in December just before the winter break. Kids get sick. Teachers get sick. Parents get sick. We tend to think there are just a lot of viruses (A) [go / going] around. In reality, the main reason for these minor but unpleasant illnesses (B) [ are / is] that we are exhausted. Students and teachers are all sleep-deprived from the constant stress of the first semester, and it begins to catch up with us. Our immune systems are not functioning as (C) [effective / effectively] as they do when we are well rested, and we get sick. What do most of us do when the winter break comes? We try to get caught up on sleep.

(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)

① go …… are …… effective ② go …… are …… effectively

③ going …… is …… effectively ④ go …… is …… effectively

⑤ going …… is …… effective

23. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점]

It was Mary’s thirteenth birthday. It was also her first birthday at her uncle’s house. Everyone brought out gifts for Mary: stockings from Elena, a purse from Steve, and a pair of very old silver earrings from Chris, who said she ①had had them since she was a little girl. Uncle Jack gave a lengthy speech about ②how Mary was like a daughter to him and to Aunt Barbara. And then, he handed her an envelope in ③which was tucked a fifty-dollar bill. Mary was to buy ④herself some new clothes with Aunt Barbara’s help and advice. A miracle! So many presents and so much money all at once made her eyes ⑤shone. She wanted to kiss everybody.

[24~28] 다음 글의 빈 칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

24.

A speaker begins his presentation by reaching into his pocket, holds up a twenty-dollar bill, and says, “This twenty is for sale for exactly one dollar. Who wants to buy it?” Would you leap to your feet to get his attention? Or would you wait a few seconds, and after a hand or two goes up, timidly raise your own? If you’re one of the hesitaters, you’re normal. Once someone else is willing to take a chance, then our greedy little hands pop up, and we tend to go along. The faster others’ hands are raised, the greater the desire, and the more likely we are to be part of it. Our sense of the value of an object is reinforced by the ______________ that has been created for that object.

① demand ② design ③ brand ④ criticism ⑤ investment

25.

Women have a more sensitive touch than men because of their _______________. A professor in McMaster University in Ontario, Canada and his team measured the surface areas of index fingers in 100 students and then asked them to feel surfaces marked with progressively finer grooves. When the grooves get too narrow for someone’s sense of touch, the surface feels smooth. On average, men could detect grooves down to 1.59mm wide, whereas women detected grooves at 1.41mm. The ability to discriminate the grooves on the surfaces fell by 0.25mm for every square-centimeter increase in finger area. The team found that sweat pores and the skin’s touch receptors are more densely packed as finger size decreases. *groove: 가늘고 긴 홈

① smoother skin ② larger pores ③ cleaner hands

④ thinner bones ⑤ smaller fingers

26.

When you are taking an essay test, ___________________. Some experts or teachers must have spent quite a long time deciding them. Notice the key words. The words in them have been chosen with great care and mean precisely what they say. For example, if it asks you to ‘prove’ something, you should not ‘describe’ or ‘explain’ it. You might get a few marks even if your answers don’t focus on the word ‘prove’, but you certainly wouldn’t get full marks. Also, notice especially where the words are used in the singular and where they are used in the plural. If a question asks for ‘reasons’, one reason isn’t going to be enough. If it asks for ‘problems’, again one problem isn’t going to be adequate.

① read the questions carefully ② watch out for spelling mistakes

③ use your experience and knowledge ④ distinguish between facts and opinions

⑤ avoid the words used in the given text

27.

During the Middle Ages, the Rhine River was a great European trade route protected by the Holy Roman Empire. Merchant ships paid a modest toll to safeguard their transit. However, after the Empire weakened during the thirteenth century, many freelance barons built castles on the Rhine and began collecting their own illegal tolls. Each argued that he had the rights to collect tolls. The growing number of these “robber baron” tollbooths made shipping unmanageable. Eventually, the merchants couldn’t afford the tolls. The river continued to flow, but boatmen would no longer bother making the journey. Because of the decreased trade, the European economic pie shrank. Wealth disappeared. As ____________________, everybody lost, even the barons themselves.

*freelance baron: 독립적인 지방 호족

① collecting tolls was prohibited

② technology innovation did not occur

③ all power was concentrated in one person

④ too many people owned pieces of one thing

⑤ merchant groups gained power over the Empire

28. [3점]

For the first year of sound film, it seemed that audiences would see any film that “talked.” When audience attendance dropped by 20 percent in the early part of 1929, however, film producers had to reexamine their product. Sound had made almost useless the techniques that directors had acquired through years of silent films. In effect, sound ________________. For example, because the noise of the camera could be picked up by the sound system, the camera had to be encased in a large heavy soundproof box, which made the camera stationary. In addition, the actors had to use the microphones hidden on the set (in telephones, flower vases, etc.); they could never move away from the microphones. They often appeared rather odd as they stood speaking into a vase of flower.

① increased the cost of producing a movie

② attracted more people to movie theaters

③ forced movie actors to practice a lot more

④ undermined the motion of the motion picture

⑤ led producers to cast actors based on their voice

29. 다음 그림에 대한 글의 내용 중, 밑줄 친 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Would you like to see birds and fish playing together? Secure two glass vessels having straight sides of the same ①height, one 25 inches in diameter (Figure 1) and the other 17 inches (Figure 2). The smaller is placed within the larger, the ②bottoms being covered with moss and aquarium decorations. Fill the space between the vessels with water. Cut a piece of copper screen into a ③circular form to cover the larger vessel, and hang a bird swing in the center (Figure 3). Place the screen on top of the vessels so that the swing will hang in the center of the inner vessel. A ④weight should be placed on top of the screen, over the smaller vessel, to keep it from floating. Put your canary birds in the ⑤outer vessel and some goldfish in the water between the vessels. Now you have a small world where birds and fish seem to play together underwater (Figure 4).

30. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Decades ago, my high school chemistry teacher slowly (A) [reserved / released] hydrogen sulfide from a hidden container he opened just before we entered his classroom. A few minutes after we took our seats and he began his lecture, a foul odor filled the classroom, grabbing our attention. We groaned, laughed, and looked around for the offending source. We would have appeared (B) [focused / unfocused] to an outside observer entering our class at that time. However, this demonstration literally led me by the nose to follow his description of the diffusion of gases through other gases. During that class I was able to (C) [process / block] the information about gas diffusion through my senses and ultimately stored it in my long-term memory.

*hydrogen sulfide: 황화수소 **diffusion: 확산

(A) (B) (C)

① reserved …… focused …… process

② reserved …… unfocused …… block

③ released …… unfocused …… process

④ released …… unfocused …… block

⑤ released …… focused …… process

31. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Scientists are looking into the seas in search of medicines that may work better, with fewer side effects, than conventional drugs. ① The ocean has already given us wonderful drugs derived from salmon, omega-3 fish oils for heart disease and bone replacements from coral. ② Another marine medicine in the works is a promising new cancer drug derived from bacteria that live inside a moss-like sea creature. ③ Some fish farms tend to use several antibiotic drugs known to cause cancer to increase their production. ④ Unlike conventional drugs that kill cancer cells, the drug makes them go back to normal cells. ⑤ And some antibiotics being made from cells in fish may even be effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. *antibiotic-resistant: 항생제에 내성이 있는

32. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

As a member of the Teen Council, I had to speak to the Community Council to support building an ice skating rink in our community. The audience was made up of many parents and some young people, most of whom I knew. I did not focus on my friends’ concerns for fun. ____(A)____, I talked to the people who would make the decision ― the parents. To address their concerns about safety I discussed the security that comes from knowing where a child is, the presence of a professional rink staff, and the careful selection of rules for using the rink safely. ____(B)____, I explained that the price of admission will be relatively low, as will the rental and maintenance fees. The result exceeded my expectation. Everybody agreed.

A) (B) A) (B)

① Instead …… In addition ② Instead …… However

③ Therefore …… In addition ④ Therefore…… However

⑤ Similarly …… However

[33~34] 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

33.

Flying off to a foreign country for affordable cosmetic surgery has been a popular option for years. But now, because of rising health care costs, travelers are going abroad for routine surgeries and procedures. By 2012, experts predict, medical tourism will turn into a $100 billion international industry with more than 780 million patients seeking health care abroad. The line between vacation and health care will continue to blur. Next year Singapore will open Asia’s first medical hotel, a 260-room luxury high-rise connected to the east wing of the new hospital in Farrer Park. The hotel will feature a 500-seat conference hall, indoor and outdoor gardens, and a spa, as well as various medical equipment for patients who don’t want to stay in the hospital. It will add new meaning to the concept of a healing holiday.

① 의료 장비의 현대화 ② 의료 관광 산업의 발달 ③ 여행과 질병 확산의 관계

④ 싱가포르 관광 산업의 성공 요인 ⑤ 경기 침체가 관광 산업에 미치는 영향

34.

We conducted research to find whether people explain what happened to them positively or negatively. We gave questionnaires to one hundred children and their parents. The findings showed that the mother’s level of optimism and the child’s level were very similar. This was true of both sons and daughters. We were surprised at the result that neither the children’s speaking style nor the mother’s style bore any resemblance to the father’s style. This tells us that young children listen to what their primary caretaker (usually the mother) says. If the child has an optimistic mother, this is great, but it can be a disaster for the child if the child has a pessimistic mother.

① the way to improve active listening skills

② the relationship between gender and speaking style

③ the importance of sharing experience in the family

④ the role of questionnaires in psychological research

⑤ the influence of the mother’s speaking style on the child

35. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 문장은?

The above graph shows how many hybrid and electric vehicle patents the world’s top seven companies got from 2002 to 2008. ①There are four Japanese companies, two US companies, and one South Korean company in the list. ②Two out of the seven companies were each assigned more than one hundred patents from 2002 to 2008. ③Though Company B ranked second during the period from 2002 to 2007, it ranked first in 2008. ④Company F from South Korea ranked sixth during the period from 2002 to 2007, but it ranked fourth in 2008. ⑤Company A was assigned more than six times as many patents as Company F during the period from 2002 to 2007, but the two companies received the same number of patents in the year 2008.

36. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

In fact, the men were unaware that the bill displayed a photo of the king of Thailand.

When their ship landed in Thailand, two US sailors took a tour of Bangkok. (①) As they stopped at a street corner, they saw some paper money on the ground and stepped on it to keep it from blowing away. (②) Seeing it, two uniformed Thai police officers at the same intersection ran to the sailors and arrested them. (③) According to the US officer who arranged to set the sailors free, the sailors had to apologize to the police. (④) The Thais consider him sacred, so stepping on his image is unforgivable and a serious crime. (⑤) To avoid such a problem when you are traveling in Thailand, you should be aware how deeply the people respect the royal family.

37. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

For the past two decades, illustrations in children’s books have become increasingly detailed and obtrusive, while language has become lessened ― sometimes to the point of extinction. It is not unusual for a book of thirty or more pages full of repetitive phrases. The artwork is often marvelous, but the pictures make the language redundant, and the children have no need to imagine anything when they read such books. Looking at a picture actively prevents children younger than nine from creating a mental image, and can make it difficult for older children. In order to learn how to read and comprehend, they need to practice making their own meaning in response to text. They need to have their innate powers of imagination trained.

① 읽기와 쓰기 교육은 취학 후 시작해야 한다.

② 아동용 도서에서 그림의 비중을 줄여야 한다.

③ 아동용 도서의 그림은 사실적으로 그려야 한다.

④ 상상력을 키우기 위해 청각적 효과를 사용해야 한다.

⑤ 아동에게 상상력을 자극하는 그림을 많이 보여주어야 한다.

38. Adair Paul Neal에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Adair Paul Neal was usually called “Red Adair.” The nickname “Red” was a natural nickname because of his red hair, and it became his trademark. Born in Houston, Texas in 1915, he grew up in poverty. He dropped out of high school to help support the family. Adair held various jobs including seven years of work in the oil fields before he went into the army. After the war, Adair went to work for a company fighting oil well fires. Fearless, he became famous. He was called out to fires all over the world, including war zones, because of his company’s experience and expertise. Hollywood noticed and based a feature film on Adair’s

life starred by John Wayne in 1968. Adair was seventy-nine years old when he finally retired from firefighting in 1994.

① 머리색과 관련된 별명을 갖고 있었다. ② 가정 형편 때문에 고등학교를 중퇴했다.

③ 군 입대 전 유전에서 일한 적이 있다. ④ 전쟁 지역 화재 진압에 참여했다.

⑤ 할리우드 영화에 출연했다.

39. Nepenthes attenboroughii에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

In 2007 scientists discovered a very strange flesh-eating plant. This plant, called Nepenthes attenboroughii, is so large that it can swallow and devour rats whole. They are lured into its slipper-like mouth to drown or die of exhaustion before being slowly dissolved by digestive enzymes. The plant is green and red and has a stem that can grow up to four feet long. It can only be found high up on the windswept slopes of Mount Victoria in the Philippines. After hearing of missionaries who had seen “whole rats” being eaten by the shrub, botanists Stewart McPherson and Alistair Robinson led a team of scientists to the Asian nation and uncovered the rare species. This plant was named after the naturalist broadcaster David Attenborough.

① 쥐가 좋아하는 먹이를 제공한다. ② 소화액으로 먹이를 녹인다.

③ 줄기가 4피트보다 높이 자란다. ④ 필리핀 전역에서 발견된다.

⑤ 발견한 식물학자의 이름을 따서 명명되었다.

[40~41] 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

40.

While creating a statue, the artist depends on the appropriate lighting to develop the figure because the quality of the final product relies on the interplay between light and shade. So great attention should be paid to lighting when the finished work is displayed. If a light from a source is weaker or stronger than when the work was created, the effect that the sculptor intended may be lost. In painting, the light and shade give the image shape and solidity that cannot be altered by an external light in which it is displayed. When a sculpture is exhibited, however, the artist’s work is brought to life by light, and its character can be altered by the control of the light source.

① 미술 작품에 대한 평가는 시대에 따라 바뀐다.

② 조명을 이용한 설치 예술 작품이 증가하고 있다.

③ 미술 작품을 제작할 때는 빛이 큰 영향을 미친다.

④ 조각품의 손상을 방지하기 위해 촬영을 삼가야 한다.

⑤ 조각품은 제작 당시와 동일한 조명 아래에서 전시해야 한다.

41.

Take a liter of rice and pour it all at once through a funnel and into an empty beaker. Note how long it takes. Next, take the same rice and pour it, not all at once, but in a smooth controlled flow and measure how long that process takes. Which liter of rice gets through more quickly? The second method takes nearly one-third less time. What seems slower is actually faster. Likewise, a study conducted at a jammed tunnel showed that when cars were allowed to enter the tunnel in the usual way, with no restrictions, the two-lane tunnel could handle 1,176 cars per hour. But in a trial, the tunnel authorities limited the number of cars that could enter the tunnel every two minutes to 44. The result? The tunnel now handled 1,320 vehicles per hour. *funnel: 깔때기

① Walking can save time. ② Human nature seeks speed.

③ Freedom brings convenience. ④ Modest control improves efficiency.

⑤ Measuring methods can vary the results.

[42~43] 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

42.

All top performers know they cannot stand still for long. They always look for ways to improve. Tony Gwynn, the player who won three batting championships, says, “Once you think you’re where you want to be, you’re not there any more.” The greatest challenge we have as we become successful is never to rest on our success, never to feel like we’ve done it. The moment you feel like you’ve done it, that’s the beginning of the end. One of the best basketball players of the 1980s, Larry Bird, is another great example. In his off season, he works to keep improving his skills. One summer, for example, Bird lifted weights; another summer he made a court on his mother’s front lawn, just “to learn some new moves.”

① Ready to Say No? ② Top People Never Stop

③ You Are What You Dream ④ Once Losers, Now Winners

⑤ Sports: Pleasure or Money?

43.

People are wrong to regard play as a frill. Marc Bekoff at the University of Colorado, studying play behavior in social animals such as wolves, coyotes, and dogs, concluded that play allows individuals to try out new things because they can make mistakes without penalty. “Play encourages taking reasonable risks,” he says. “It allows you to be flexible and creative.” The search for novelty and the desire for something fresh is a hallmark of the state of play. And of course novelty and freshness are also central to creativity. At the very least, then, we should equip the next generation for the inevitable recessions of the future by encouraging water fights and inviting imaginary friends to join in.

① Be More Playful ② Admit Your Weaknesses ③ Change Your Habits

④ Do Important Things First ⑤ Be Patient with Your Children

44. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

An extraordinary successful and economical example of weed control can be found in Australia. Around 1787, a man brought the prickly pear, a kind of cactus, into Australia.

(A) To eliminate them, Australian scientists were sent to North and South America to study enemies of the prickly pears. After trials of several species, three billion eggs of an Argentine moth were spread in Australia.

(B) Some of the prickly pears escaped from his garden. Having no natural controls in this new territory, they spread immensely, eventually occupying about sixty million acres.

(C) Seven years later, the dense growth of the prickly pear had been destroyed and the once uninhabitable areas reopened to settlement and grazing. The whole operation had cost less than a penny per acre.

① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

45. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The TRI was one of the most successful environment programs in American history. Its original goal was simply to require companies to report their toxic discharges, so that state and federal governments would know about existing practices. But to stimulate extensive reductions, the media placed a spotlight on the worst offenders, leading them to do much better. The worst industrial air toxic polluter in New York City, for example, was subject to an extensive media campaign, one that led to large-scale emissions reductions. Hundreds of local and national articles targeted “the top polluters” in relevant areas. The result was to create a kind of blacklisting. No company wanted to be ranked among the worst, which led to a 45 percent decrease of toxic discharges between 1988 and 1995.

󰀻

____(A)____ pressure helped solve ____(B)____ problems.

(A) (B)

① Media …… environmental

② Media …… economic

③ Peer …… economic

④ Consumer …… cultural

⑤ Consumer …… environmental

[46~48] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A) South Pole explorer Ernest Shackleton never reached his goal of crossing Antarctica, but the circumstances that prevented him from reaching that goal pushed him to achieve an even more amazing feat. In January 1915 Shackleton’s ship Endurance became trapped in ice off Antarctica. He and his crew of twenty-seven lived on the ship trapped in the ice for nine months until they had to abandon their ship when the ice crushed the boat.

(B) In addition, they had to hunt scarce seals and penguins for food, and were attacked by killer whales and sea leopards, which would rise through the ice in search of prey. Throughout this time, Shackleton demonstrated his leadership by rationing food, rotating use of the warmer sleeping bags, and keeping a calm, positive attitude that helped morale. He also showed great courage as he and five of his men crossed eight hundred miles of dangerous ocean to the nearest inhabited island to seek help.

(C) Despite no maps and terrible weather, Shackleton’s small boat reached the island, where Shackleton and an even smaller group organized a rescue party to retrieve the rest of his crew. Despite the perils of living in south polar waters for almost two years, all twenty-seven men eventually came back from the expedition. Shackleton never crossed the South Pole, but he completed the greatest task of bringing back all of his crew alive.

(D) The day the ship sank, Shackleton wrote his new goal: “The task is to reach land with all members of the Expedition.” The group camped on the ice for six months, until the ice broke up and they took small lifeboats to nearby uninhabited Elephant Island. During their time on the ice, boat, and island, Shackleton’s group had to endure temperatures as low as twenty degrees below zero and had no daylight from May to July.

46. 위 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B) - (D) - (C) ② (C) - (B) - (D) ③ (C) - (D) - (B)

④ (D) - (B) - (C) ⑤ (D) - (C) - (B)

47. 위 글의 밑줄 친 an even more amazing feat가 가리키는 내용으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① 남극대륙을 최초로 횡단한 것 ② 남극의 새로운 지도를 작성한 것

③ 자신의 공로를 탐험대원들에게 돌린 것 ④ 탐험대원 전원을 살아서 돌아오게 한 것

⑤ 인간의 거주지를 남극대륙으로 확장한 것

48. 위 글의 Ernest Shackleton에 관한 내용과 일치하는 것은?

① 지휘하던 배가 암초에 걸려 좌초했다.

② 대원들의 동물 사냥을 금지했다.

③ 대원들에게 침낭을 돌려가며 사용하도록 했다.

④ 남극대륙에서 대원들과 4년간 거주했다.

⑤ 부서진 배를 수리하여 Elephant 섬으로 갔다.

[49~50] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

Arun was ten years old. He came from a poor family in India. He kept missing days in his government school. The teacher tried getting him interested in what the class was doing, but he was inattentive. She felt that he had a learning disability.

There was a group near school which helped children after school hours with homework and with revision of the day’s subjects. This ‘evening school’, near the slum where Arun lived, was asked by this teacher if they could spend more time with him and find out why he missed school and was so inattentive. After six months (Arun went regularly to this evening school, never missing a day), the helper there said that Arun assisted his father in repairing bicycles and enjoyed this work. So, the evening school helpers began their program to __________________the government school education by starting with what Arun knew and liked: bicycles.

From that starting point, he learned about metals, about physics and chemistry, and he learned two languages. He then began to follow the lessons in his government school, and enjoyed studying and learning new things. Arun grew up to do well in his school-leaving examination, and is now at a university learning engineering ― his main passion.

49. 위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① limit ② ignore ③ imitate ④ eval‎uate ⑤ complement

50. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① The Origin of Formal Education in India

② The Importance of Cooperative Learning

③ Revision: The Secret of a Successful Student

④ The Result of Learning with No Competition

⑤ Education Focusing on Individual Learners’ Interests

18. 밑줄 친 It[it]이 가리키는 것으로 가장 적절한 것은? [1점]

It’s not always easy to tell what’s it and what’s not. Sometimes, it’s accidental ― you really intended to do your own work, but instead ended up with some sentences that sound just like something you’ve read. It is a shortcut that enables you to save time for thinking about any subject, gathering your own thoughts about it. Cut, paste, and you’re done. It comes from a Latin word for kidnapping. You know that kidnapping is stealing a person. You wouldn’t take someone’s lunch money or bike, right? Well, someone’s words and thoughts are personal property, too. Ask yourself, “Would I know this if I hadn’t read it on that website or in that book?” If the answer is no, list the original source.

① 복사 ② 표절 ③ 각색 ④ 출판 ⑤ 교정

19. 밑줄 친 him이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

Keith had a problem returning money to others when they had loaned it to ①him. He was neither broke nor selfish. He was just forgetful. He had little awareness of the discomfort he caused those who lent ②him money. One afternoon a friend who had loaned ③him money several months before dropped by his office. His friend said, “Several times I’ve asked you about the money. I don’t think you’re intentionally ignoring my requests. But your forgetfulness is hurting me, and it’s hurting our friendship.” Keith was astonished. He hadn’t had a clue that such a little thing to ④him might mean so much to his close friend. Deeply regretful over the loss his friend had suffered, he returned the money to ⑤him immediately.

20. 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Registered as a World Natural Heritage site in 1981, Patagonia’s fantastic blue glaciers are rapidly melting due to global warming. We are striving to make a difference through eco-friendly operations. For example, our recent technology for printers and copiers has reduced CO2 emissions over the past 8 years by around 8.4 million tons. More important, thanks to this technology’s success, the rate of CO2 decrease is now growing year by year. In our effort to conserve resources, we consider the environmental impact of our products by looking at every stage of the product life cycle. We reuse and recycle materials and work constantly to reduce energy use. The earth is precious. By focusing on eco-friendly effort, we can keep it from all just flowing away.

① 자원의 재활용과 재사용 방법을 안내하려고

② 자사의 환경 친화적인 노력을 홍보하려고

③ 지구 온난화의 가속화에 대해 경고하려고

④ 환경 보호 단체의 설립을 축하하려고

⑤ 친환경 가전제품을 광고하려고

21. (A)~(C)에서 어법에 맞는 표현을 바르게 짝지은 것은?

It is difficult to determine the shape of fire. There is a simplified design, (A) [adopted / adopting] for use in posters and signs. It resembles three upright tongues or a lotus flower. The design is a typical symbol of fire. However, the shape of fire is hard to define. In reality, fire comes in many forms (B) [alike / like] candle flame, charcoal fire, and torch light. The various nature of the shape of fire is evident in many words Koreans use to describe fire and its shape and movements. For instance, iggle-iggle is an adverb that describes a fire burning, but it focuses on the heat rather than the shape of the flame, (C) [while / which] hwal-hwal or hweol-hweol brings to mind flames that soar, as if to rise to the heavens.

(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)

① adopted …… like …… while ② adopted …… alike …… which

③ adopted …… like …… which ④ adopting …… like …… while

⑤ adopting …… alike …… which

22. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점]

Not long ago I heard about a man who ①found $35,000 in a bag on the street. He instantly sought out and returned ②it to the owner. Everyone who heard the story wanted to congratulate this man, but he shied away from the media and avoided being filmed. He firmly insisted that returning the money ③was the right and only thing he could do. It turned out that this money was the life savings of an old woman, and through his one act he probably saved her financial life, yet he refused ④to receive praise. Why? Clearly the experiences of his past had helped him to develop a belief: receiving praise for doing ⑤that obviously was the right thing would be totally inappropriate.

23. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Every adult should engage in half an hour of moderate physical activity at least five days per week to remain active and healthy, according to national health guidelines. ①However, about half the Australian population is not achieving this and, as a result, has increased the nation’s risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity. ②According to an Australian institute specializing in the heart and diabetes, regular physical exercise such as riding a bike may be an answer. ③A director of the institute says bike riding is the sensible choice to improve health for those not normally accustomed to training. ④Studies also show that safety has been improved for both motorists and cyclists when bike lanes exist. ⑤Bike riding appeals to a large number of people because it is affordable and can be a stepping stone for fitness.

*cardiovascular: 심장혈관의

[24~28] 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

24.

One difference between winners and losers is their _________ toward the problems. Achievers never see a problem as being overwhelming. That is, they don’t think one problem controls their whole life. They always see it as, “Well, it’s just a little challenge with my eating pattern.” They don’t see it as, “I’m the problem. Because I overeat, my whole life is destroyed.” Conversely, failures have developed a belief that because they ruined in one area, they lost everything! They believe that because they have financial challenges, their whole life is now destroyed: their kids won’t be taken care of, their spouses will leave them, and so on. Pretty soon they generalize that things are out of control and feel completely helpless.

① dependence ② attitude ③ hatred ④ effort ⑤ aim

25.

The language barrier cannot be regarded as a defect though it may present problems to the conversationalists. To overcome this, the people conversing should be considerate towards one another. It is both improper and impolite for persons in a group to engage themselves in conversation with one another in any language not known to all present. However, situations sometimes arise when communication is difficult, as is the case when we have foreigners in our midst. We do not understand them nor they us. But if the will to communicate is strong enough, language will not be a(n) _______________. We always have, as a standby, communication by sign language, though it cannot really be called conversation.

① necessary evil ② cultural tradition ③ impolite interaction

④ monitoring system ⑤ unconquerable obstacle

26.

Read the following two lines to yourself:

Did you read the first line as a set of letters? Did you read the second line as a set of numbers? Look closely now at the letter B and the number 13. The actual marks on the paper are the same. What accounts for the fact that most people read letters in the first line and numbers in the second? If you say it has something to do with ______________________, you are correct. What words or sentences mean has a lot to do with what goes before or after them. We often think that meaning comes from the marks on the page, but meaning also has a lot to do with what is in our heads. We see what we expect to see.

① the conflicts between numbers

② the ability to read between the lines

③ the literacy level of writers and readers

④ the information around the written symbols

⑤ the writer’s statements about the dramatic effects

27.

There are times when having a pessimistic view is beneficial. For example, if you are driving in thick fog, it might be good to be focused on the fact that a car could be coming in the opposite direction! Many studies have found that pessimists were more accurate in their assessments than optimists. For example, in one test researchers asked the participants to predict how much they could control over a certain task that was given for the test. The result was that optimists thought they had a high degree of control over the task even when they had no control over it. However, pessimists accurately predicted how much or little control they had over the task. So in business it can be good to have some pessimists attached to your team, as they will often ________________ than the optimists.

①　possess better physical ability ②　appreciate career guidelines better

③　use various ways to achieve things ④　create a more pleasant atmosphere

⑤　have a stronger control over reality

28.

Consumer advertising shows an unrealistic ideal of the female body shape. The vast majority of advertising uses female models whose key features such as thinness and pure skin __________________________. This can create false expectations on the part of women and their partners, as well as society at large. The portrayal of women in advertising is also highly stylized. It can significantly distort the connection viewers make between what they see in an advertisement and what women actually look like. Through its excessive focus on ideal body-type models, advertising also pressures women into conforming to a perfect body. This increases the likelihood of eating disorders, as well as the pursuit of unnecessary cosmetic surgery, anti-aging treatments, etc.

① undermine their intellectual capacity

② highlight the internal beauty of women

③ do not correspond to many women’s bodies

④ are the improper response to market demand

⑤ encourage women to enjoy their circumstances

29. 다음 글의 상황에 나타난 분위기로 가장 적절한 것은? [1점]

The carts that came could not pass through. They had to wait, the driver calling and shouting, till the dense crowd would make way. Everywhere, young fellows from the outlying districts were making conversation with the girls, standing in the road and at the corners. The doors of the public houses were open and full of light. Men passed in and out through the doors in a continual stream. Everywhere men were calling out to one another, crossing to meet one another, or standing in little groups and circles, discussing, endlessly discussing. The sense of talk, buzzing, the endless chatting and arguing vibrated in the air.

① busy and noisy ② calm and peaceful ③ cozy and warm

④ urgent and funny ⑤ sad and tragic

30. 그림에 대한 글의 내용 중, 밑줄 친 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Can you guess why the picture above is titled “How Can This Be True?” Look at Figure 1. It is made up of four separable pieces. More specifically, it consists of two ①triangles and two polygons which look like the letter “L”. These L-like fragments are combined into a rectangle. The four parts have ②different sizes respectively. Especially, the triangle at the left side of the rectangle is ③smaller than the one on the top of the rectangle. Now, look at Figure 2. You move and ④rearrange the four fragments from Figure 1 without adding new pieces or pulling out the original ones. The result? Strange enough, there is a small ⑤square hole at the bottom of the newly-born figure. How can this be true?

31. 다음 글의 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말을 바르게 짝지은 것은?

Some students are only interested in scoring marks. They cram up their lessons quickly and forget them faster. A student in the 12th grade forgets all he learned in the 11th grade. Some students and parents think studying only what is taught now is enough. For a bad student, the previous class is like a waste bin. ____(A)____, a better student treats it as his base, considering that earlier classes are the foundation for later classes. Some throw away old textbooks and notebooks because they do not want garbage in their house. This is an attitude students and parents have to change. You may occasionally have to refer to old books when there is a doubt. ____(B)____, removing the old books kills even the habit of getting your doubts cleared.

(A) (B) (A) (B)

① However …… Therefore ② However …… Otherwise

③ Moreover …… Otherwise ④ Likewise …… Therefore

⑤ Likewise …… In contrast

[32~33] 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

32.

Increasingly, marketers are looking to blogs on the Internet to find opinion leaders. Especially, marketers are turning to teen blogs to identify the social trends that are shaping consumer behavior. Raised with a rapidly maturing Internet and expanding cell phone capabilities, teens have much access to the world around them. With their ability to network and communicate with each other, young people rely on each others’ opinions more than marketing messages when making purchase decisions. Blogs are becoming a key way that teens communicate their opinions. Consequently, today’s marketers are reading teen blogs, developing products that meet the very specific needs that teens express there.

① 온라인 쇼핑이 십대들의 소비 문화에 미치는 영향

② 십대들의 구매력 증가를 겨냥한 마케팅 전략의 등장

③ 마케팅 담당자들이 십대들의 블로그를 주목하는 이유

④ 십대들의 블로그에 의해 급변하는 인터넷 문화의 폐단

⑤ 블로그 운영을 통한 십대들의 의사소통 능력 증진 사례

33.

We are constantly bombarded with celebrities telling us which credit card to use, what coffee to drink, or which politician to support. Using celebrities’ opinions may not be logical. Often the “expert” or “authority” speaks out on a topic that is unrelated to his or her own field. Suppose the Minister of Health and Welfare warns that smoking is harmful and may cause cancer. Though he is not a doctor, his warning seemingly sounds perfect. The fact that he is Minister of Health and Welfare may qualify him as an expert in the health field. But even in cases where the experts are qualified, they often disagree.

Hence, the common advice is to seek “a second opinion.” Depending on authority makes sense only when the experts all agree.

① qualification of reliable specialists

② error in relying on authority’s opinion

③ misjudgement from obsession with health

④ consideration about consulting an amateur

⑤ effective persuasion assisted by professionals

34. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은? [3점]

But in doing so, it will lose heat, and the cold ice cube will cause the salt water to freeze again.

A single ice cube is floating in a glass of water. You hold a piece of string about four inches long. ( ① )　Can you lift the cube out of the glass with the string without touching the ice with your fingers? ( ② )　This puzzle should be given at the dinner table where a salt shaker is available, for the solution makes use of the fact that salt causes ice to melt. ( ③ ) Lay the string across the cube and sprinkle salt on top of the ice. ( ④ ) The ice around the string will start to melt. ( ⑤ ) When you lift the string after a minute, the cube will adhere tightly to it.

35. 그래프의 내용과 일치하지 않는 문장은?

The chart above shows the result of a survey, done in August 2009 by Reader’s Digest international staff, with the question: “How often do you call your mother?” ① In India and China, the percentage of people who call every day is higher than that of people who call once a week. ② The percentage who call once a week in Germany and Indonesia, is respectively higher than that in any other country. ③ More than 30 percent of the respondents in the United States call their mother every day. ④ The sum of the percentage who call every day and the percentage who call once a week in Russia is bigger than that in Canada. ⑤ The percentage who call every day in France is the same as that in the United Kingdom.

36. Snow leopard에 대한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

Snow leopards are considered shy because they are rarely seen in the wild. They live high in the mountains of central Asia, where plants are scarce. Their fur, which is typically yellowish-gray with black rosette-shaped spots, camouflages them in rocky and snowy conditions. Snow leopards’ large furry paws act like snowshoes to help them walk on snow. Their large paws also allow them to grip rocks. Snow leopards primarily prey on mountain sheep, goats, rodents, birds and deer. They hunt by hiding behind rocks on slopes above prey animals, then leaping down and pouncing on the prey. Snow leopards have extremely long tails, which aid their balance. Their long tails are also useful for covering their faces to stay warm while they’re resting.

① 초목이 우거진 곳에서 주로 서식한다. ② 순백색의 털을 이용하여 위장한다.

③ 몸집에 비해 작은 발을 갖고 있다. ④ 사냥한 먹이를 바위 뒤에 숨겨 둔다.

⑤ 균형을 잡는 데 도움이 되는 긴 꼬리가 있다.

37. Guyana에 대한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Guyana is a country on the northern coast of South America. It achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1966 and became a republic in 1970. More than 80% of the land of Guyana is still covered by forests, ranging from dry evergreen to rain forests. Guyana has a tropical climate and unique surroundings. Approximately eight thousand species of plants occur in Guyana, half of which are found nowhere else. Such incredible diversity of plants supports even more impressive diversity of animal life. Unlike other areas of South America, most of the natural habitat remains conserved well.

① 남미의 북쪽 해안에 위치한 국가이다. ② 국토의 80% 이상이 숲으로 덮여 있다.

③ 열대 기후와 독특한 환경을 가지고 있다. ④ 다른 곳에는 없는 8천여 종의 식물이 있다.

⑤ 자연 서식지의 대부분이 잘 보존된 상태이다.

[38~39] 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

38.

The first and best way for a baby to learn that exercise is a lifetime routine is by imitating his or her parents. You should be your child’s role model, incorporating physical activity into your daily routine and involving your child in your workout routine whenever possible. It’s great if you are already active, and you should continue to be even though it is difficult with a newborn, and even tougher if you have additional kids. If you have not been exercising, this is a good time to start. If weather permits, take your baby out for a walk every day. The baby will begin to associate these outdoor walks with physical activity.

① 자녀 양육 시 육아 도우미의 역할을 고려해야 한다.

② 호기심을 키울 수 있는 기회를 자녀에게 제공해야 한다.

③ 정서 발달을 위한 놀이 활동에 자녀를 참여시켜야 한다.

④ 자녀의 신체활동을 촉진하기 위해 부모가 솔선해야 한다.

⑤ 부모는 자녀의 역할 모델로서 올바른 식습관을 가져야 한다.

39.

We all have different personalities. However, to successfully take good people pictures, you’ll need to be courageous ― even aggressive. Standing in public with a camera, asking people to pose for you, will require being the center of attention at times and that’s part of taking pictures. If you tend to be shy or timid, give yourself a push to be more aggressive when taking photos of people. Don’t be afraid to ask people to pose for you. When you do, try to be pleasant and tactful. Always thank people for being cooperative. You’ll find that your pictures will improve and you’ll have more fun too! Timid photographers rarely take good photos!

① Don’t be shy when you make a speech.

② Use a digital camera to get a good portrait.

③ Practice hard to improve your drawing skill.

④ Be confident to take good pictures of people.

⑤ Remember to behave politely in public places.

40. (A)~(C)에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말을 바르게 짝지은 것은?

Many contagious diseases spread through carriers such as birds and mosquitoes. These carriers move with heat and rainfall. With this in mind, researchers have begun to use satellite data to (A) [observe / preserve] the environmental conditions that lead to disease. “We could predict conditions that would result in the (B) [appearance / disappearance] of cholera, malaria, and even avian flu,” says an expert. The domestic duck, a common bird of Southeast Asia, is one of the main carriers of the H5N1 avian influenza. Scientists use satellite images to map agricultural patterns in the region. These maps show where the number of the ducks is most likely to (C) [decrease / increase] and thus where the avian influenza is most likely to spread.

(A) (B) (C)

① observe …… appearance …… decrease

② observe …… disappearance …… increase

③ observe …… appearance …… increase

④ preserve …… disappearance …… decrease

⑤ preserve …… appearance …… increase

41. 제시문 다음에 이어질 글을 순서대로 바르게 배열한 것은?

Lately I’ve been distracted so easily. I’ve felt like I really want to accomplish more with my time. So I’ve tried to find out the causes of my distraction.

(A) Yes, I’m the first to agree. The thing is, everything must be done in moderation, and I haven’t been moderating my music very well! So I’m going to cut the music out and see how it goes.

(B) One thing I’ve noticed, is that I was getting distracted by listening to too much music. I’d put off things I needed to do because I was caught up in whatever song I was listening to.

(C) Even worse, my mind would wander to the music while I was doing other things, like reading or studying. The music was breaking my concentration. You may say, “But, music is good and wonderful!”

① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)

④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

[42~43] 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

42.

Many people are trapped in their painful emotions instead of trying to overcome them. Rather than learn the positive message their painful emotions are trying to give them, they make them even worse. Moreover, people compete with others over how much painful emotions they have suffered. For example, they say, “Do you think you have a hard time out of painful experiences? Let me tell you how terrible my suffering is!” They just pride themselves on experiencing worse painful emotions than anyone else. As you can imagine, this is one of the deadliest traps of all, which should be avoided at all costs.

① Fatal Trap: Deepening Painful Emotions ② How Can You Begin Positive Thinking?

③ Frustration: Meaningful Experience ④ Positive Views: Necessities in Life

⑤ Finding One’s Own Identity

43.

The sounds heard during sleep can sharpen your memory. A dozen subjects took a memory test in which they learned the positions of 50 objects on a computer screen. Each picture was paired with its own little sound effect. An image of a shattering wine glass was accompanied by the sound of breaking glass. Little sticks of dynamite? Boom sound, and so on. Once the subjects learned to put the pictures where they belonged, they were encouraged to sleep. While they slept, scientists played the sounds for half the images presented during the memory test. And when the subjects woke up and retook the test, they were better at placing the 25 objects of which sounds they heard during the sleep. Sounds you hear while sleeping help enhance your memory.

①　Memory Loss: Inevitable or Not ②　Searching out Information for Tests

③　Sounds during Sleep Improve Memory ④　Factors Stopping People from Sleeping

⑤　Remembering the Dreams after Waking up

44. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

The government spends billions of dollars on educational and prevention programs to persuade teens not to do things like smoke or drink. However, educational interventions alone are unlikely to be effective. I don’t want people to think that education should not continue. I just believe that it alone is not going to make much of a difference in preventing risky behavior. I strongly urge that stricter laws should be made to limit opportunities for immature judgement that often have harmful consequences. For example, strategies such as raising the price of cigarettes, enforcing laws governing the sale of alcohol or raising the driving age will definitely be effective.

①　청소년을 위한 맞춤형 직업 교육을 실시하라.

②　청소년의 여가 생활을 위한 시설을 확충하라.

③　청소년에 관한 비효율적인 정책의 시행을 연기하라.

④　청소년의 위험한 행동을 막는 더 엄격한 법을 제정하라.

⑤　청소년의 준법정신을 기르는 교육프로그램을 마련하라.

45. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말을 바르게 짝지은 것은?

The Fair Trade movement grows out of a variety of North American and European organizations. Since the 1940s, they have sought to help disadvantaged groups by creating alternative trade networks. Some pioneer organizations began purchasing handicrafts from poor producers in the third world nations at above-market prices, selling them directly to consumers. During the 1960s and 1970s, these organizations and their direct sales networks expanded significantly. The organizations in Europe established thousands of popular handicraft stores known as “World Shop.” Smaller organizations in North America sold through catalogues and small shops. By the 1980s these diverse efforts had shaped the beginning of a common Fair Trade movement.

→ The Fair Trade movement has been developed through ____(A)____ import and sales using alternative trade networks to ____(B)____ the poorer producers in the third world nations.

(A) (B)

① indirect …… assist

② indirect …… exploit

③ direct …… assist

④ direct …… isolate

⑤ free …… exploit

[46~48] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A)

Years ago there was a group of brilliant male students at the University of Wisconsin, who had amazing creative literary talent. These promising young men met regularly to analyze and criticize each other’s work. They were heartless, tough, even mean in their criticism. The sessions became such arenas of literary criticism that the members of this exclusive club called themselves the “Stranglers.”

(B)

Twenty years later a graduate of the university was doing an exhaustive study of his classmates’ careers when he noticed a vast difference in the literary accomplishments of the Stranglers as opposed to the Wranglers. Of all the bright young men in the Stranglers, not one had made a significant literary accomplishment of any kind. From the Wranglers had come six or more successful writers.

(C)

What caused the literary success of the Wranglers? Talent between the two? Probably the same. Level of education? Not much difference. But the Stranglers strangled, while the Wranglers gave each other a lift. The Stranglers promoted an atmosphere of argument and criticism. The Wranglers highlighted ___________. These are good examples of how to kill morale, as well as how to improve it.

(D)

Not to be outdone, the women of literary talent in the university were determined to start a club of their own, one comparable to the Stranglers. They called themselves the “Wranglers.” They, too, read their works to one another. But there was one great difference. The criticism was much softer, more positive, and more encouraging. Sometimes, there was almost no criticism at all. Every effort was encouraged.

46. 위 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서대로 바르게 배열한 것은?

① (B)-(D)-(C) ② (C)-(B)-(D) ③ (C)-(D)-(B)

④ (D)-(B)-(C) ⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)

47. 위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① mutual encouragement

② critical feedback

③ popular misconception

④ inborn ability

⑤ financial difficulty

48. 위 글의 Stranglers에 대한 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

① 문학적 재능을 지닌 남자 대학생들의 모임이었다.

② 정기적으로 모여서 서로의 작품을 분석했다.

③ 주요 문학 작품의 작가들을 다수 배출했다.

④ 상호 논쟁과 비판의 분위기를 조성했다.

⑤ Wranglers보다 먼저 결성되었다.

[49~50] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

Our happiness and our free self-expression‎ is much more assured if we let go of end results; work toward our goals and not be imprisoned by them. We love the people who are least concerned about making an impression. They let go of any desperation for affection, so they automatically have the affection. People who make a lot of money, only start to make it when they stop working for it! In other words, they find something they love to do and the wealth flows in automatically. They have money because they let go of it. An outsider might say of someone who is financially successful, “The greedy pig. He is worth ten million dollars and he is still working!” The man is working because he loves the more than the money. That is why he is rich! In a sense we need to be able to live without something in order to have it. Once we can let go, we are in a position of great power. Successful businessmen know that the only way to pull off a successful deal is to release the deal ― to become emotionally unattached.

49. 위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① work ② justice ③ power

④ balance ⑤ relationship

50. 위 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

① 성공할수록 겸손해져야 한다.

② 결과에 집착하지 말아야 한다.

③ 의사표현에 앞서 경청해야 한다.

④ 자신만의 장점을 발견해야 한다.

⑤ 일과 휴식의 균형을 맞춰야 한다.

18. 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? [1점]

I have seen people who are very good at their jobs but are poor at presenting themselves and, hence, do not convince the audience of their capabilities. Presentation is so crucially important and will make the difference between getting a sale or not. Some people are naturally good presenters, but brushing up on your skills in this area will prove profitable. There are lots of courses available that are good. Try Think Business where courses are cheap or even free. The ABC Marketing Institute also offers very good presentation skills courses. A good course will help you structure your presentations and improve your own personal style. I would recommend one that films you while you are presenting and then gives a critique of your style.

① 대인 관계 개선 방안을 제시하려고

② 프레젠테이션 소프트웨어를 광고하려고

③ 청중과의 상호 작용의 중요성을 강조하려고

④ 영상 매체를 활용한 강의 기법을 설명하려고

⑤ 발표력 향상을 위한 강좌에 대해 알려 주려고

19. 밑줄 친 he[him]가 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

John was as famous for his tennis skills as he was for his fits of temper on the court. One afternoon, I was playing an important singles match against John. When things didn’t go his way, ① he began to go downhill, complaining about the game, screaming at himself, and slamming his racket. It looked like ② he was having a public nervous breakdown. In the end, the guy who didn’t “deserve to be on the same court” with ③ him won in three tough sets. After the match, John announced his retirement from tennis at the age of twenty seven. He explained, “When I start losing to players like ④ him, I’ve got to reconsider what I’m doing even playing this game.” If he thought I’d be insulted, ⑤ he was wrong. In fact, I loved it.

20. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the creator of Sherlock Holmes, had a great sense of delicacy ① where other persons’ feelings were concerned. He once paid a visit to George Meredith, the novelist, when Meredith was old and weak. Meredith suffered from an unusual disease that caused him ② to fall occasionally. The two men were walking up a path toward Meredith’s summerhouse, Conan Doyle in the lead, when Conan Doyle heard the old novelist fall behind him. He judged by the sound ③ which the fall was a mere slip and could not have hurt Meredith. Therefore, he did not turn and he strode on as if he ④ had heard nothing. “He was a fiercely proud old man,” Conan Doyle later explained, “and my instincts told me that his humiliation in being helped up would be ⑤ far greater than any relief I could give him.”

21. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

There is an old Japanese legend about a man renowned for his flawless manners visiting a remote village. Wanting to honor as well as observe him, the villagers prepared a banquet. As they sat to eat, all eyes were on their noble guest. Everyone looked at (A) [what / how] the man held his chopsticks, so that they could imitate him. But then, by an unfortunate accident, as the mannered man raised a slippery slice of tofu to his lips, he (B) [placed / was placed] the tiniest bit of excess pressure on his chopsticks, propelling his tofu through the air and onto his neighbor’s lap. After a brief moment of surprise, in order to preserve the myth of their guest’s perfection and keep (C) [him / himself] from any embarrassment, all the villagers at the banquet began to fling tofu into each other’s laps.

(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)

① what …… placed …… him ② what …… was placed …… himself

③ how …… placed …… him ④ how …… placed …… himself

⑤ how …… was placed …… himself

22. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

The famous expression‎, “Keep your friends close, but keep your enemies even closer,” was exemplified well in Nelson Mandela’s attempt to learn Afrikaans, the language of his enemy. ①Mandela first began to learn the language of the Afrikaners, the white South Africans, in the 1960’s to the disapproval of his followers. ② They thought it was a waste of time, but Mandela felt that it was crucial for gaining insight into the world view of the Afrikaners. ③ By obtaining this perspective of how the Afrikaners looked at the world, he would be able to understand their strengths and weaknesses. ④ In many ways, Mandela’s greatest contribution as president of the South Africans including the Afrikaners was the way he chose to leave the presidency. ⑤ This understanding of the Afrikaners proved to be invaluable later in successfully persuading them to accept his people’s demands.

[23～29] 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

23.

The ultimate power is the power to get people to do as you wish. When you can do this without having to force people or hurt them, when they willingly grant you what you desire, then your power is untouchable. The best way to achieve this position is to create a relationship of dependence. The master requires your services; he is weak, or unable to function without you; you have involved yourself in his work so deeply that doing away with you would bring him great difficulty, or at least would mean valuable time lost in training another to replace you. Once such a relationship is established, you have the upper hand to make the master do as you wish. It is the classic case of the servant of the king who actually __________ the king.

① controls ② avoids ③ admires ④ rescues ⑤ entertains

24. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

If you were a butterfly, would you be attracted to a more colorful flower or a less colorful one? Most of you would probably prefer the more colorful option. The same is true for pollinators such as bees and butterflies. For years, biologists have known that flowers use striking colors, scents, elaborately shaped petals, and nectar to attract pollinators. Recent studies, however, reveal another powerful tool of attraction used by flowers: _________________. Scientists have discovered that mobile flowers are visited more often by pollinating insects than their more static counterparts. It is almost as if the flowers are waving to the insects, saying, “Welcome. Come here and have a drink.” Along with this interesting finding, scientists have also concluded that, due to their greater range of motion, flowers with long, thin stalks attract more insects.

* pollinator: 꽃가루 매개자

① moving in the wind ② fancy color scheme ③ unique tasting nectar

④ having deep roots ⑤ receiving vocal messages

25.

A brilliant friend of mine once told me, “When you suddenly see a problem, something happens that you have the answer―before you are able to put it into words. It is all done subconsciously. This has happened many times to me.” This feeling of knowing ______________ is common. The French philosopher and mathematician Blaise Pascal is famous for saying, “The heart has its reasons that reason cannot know.” The great nineteenth-century mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss also admitted that intuition often led him to ideas he could not immediately prove. He said, “I have had my results for a long time; but I do not yet know how I am to arrive at them.” Fittingly so, sometimes true genius simply cannot be put into words.

① the meaning of the feelings in your heart

② without being able to say how one knows

③ the way others solve the problems they face

④ how to use the right words to persuade others

⑤ someone that you have never met before in your life

26. [3점]

Researchers have come to understand how the African village weaverbird prevents itself from being taken advantage of by cuckoos―it is all down to the speckles on the eggs. David Lahti and his colleagues have described how village weaverbirds lay eggs which all show a very similar pattern of speckles, suggesting that if a cuckoo laid an egg in the nest, the weaverbird will be able to spot the foreign egg almost immediately. But when the researchers studied two colonies of the birds that had been introduced more than 200 years ago to two islands without any cuckoos, they found that those birds’ eggs no

longer exhibited the same speckle patterns. In a neat demonstration of the power of evolution, these results show how, in the absence of pressure from parasitic cuckoos, the appearance of the eggs has altered because _____________________________.

* speckle: 얼룩, 반점 ** parasitic: 기생하는

① nest building instincts are determined by genetic factors

② having a similar pattern is no longer so much of an advantage

③ invasions by cuckoos have forced the birds to become strong

④ adapting to a new environment takes a certain amount of time

⑤ their unique speckle patterns attracted too many enemies

27.

Why don’t we think differently more often? The reason is that we do not need to be creative for most of what we do. For example, we do not need to be creative when we are driving on the freeway, or riding in an elevator, or waiting in line at a grocery store. ______________ when it comes to the business of living. For most of our activities, these routines are indispensable. Without them, our lives would be in chaos, and we would not get much accomplished. If you got up this morning and started contemplating the shape of your toothbrush or questioning the meaning of toast, you probably would not make it to work.

① We are creatures of habit

② Social restrictions do not apply

③ We pay more attention to safety

④ Personal accomplishments do matter

⑤ Creative thinking is highly recommended

28.

In Chinese food, the idea is that it should be boiling hot, because that is crucial to its flavor, embodied in the phrase wok hei, which means the ‘breath’ or essence of the combination of tastes added by a hot wok. In 2005 Belgian researchers at Leuven University confirmed just how the link between temperature and taste works. They identified microscopic channels in our taste buds, which seem to respond differently at different temperatures. Apparently, the higher the temperature, the more intense the flavor. This is why _____________________, which is why ice cream makers add stacks of sugar―as you can tell all too clearly when ice cream melts. In a similar way, some bitter tastes, like tea, taste better when hot because they are more intense.

* wok: 중국 요리용 냄비

① ice cream tastes better when tea flavors are added

② ice cream does not taste that sweet straight from the fridge

③ they serve ice cream for dessert in Chinese restaurants

④ it is not recommended to eat ice cream while drinking hot tea

⑤ ice cream tastes sweeter especially in the winter time

29. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[3점]

Unlike the novel, short story, or play, film is not handy to study; it cannot be effectively frozen on the printed page. The novel and short story are relatively easy to study because they are written to be read. The stage play is slightly more difficult to study because it is written to be performed. But plays are printed, and because they rely heavily on the spoken word, imaginative readers can create at least a pale imitation of the experience they might have watching a performance on stage. This cannot be said of the screenplay, for a film depends greatly on visual and other nonverbal elements that are not easily expressed in writing. The screenplay requires so much filling in by our imagination that we cannot really approximate the experience of a film by reading a screenplay, and reading a screenplay is worthwhile only if we have already seen the film. Thus, most screenplays ________________.

① rely more on the spoken word than stage plays

② attract a much wider readership than short stories

③ do share many elements with other literary genres

④ are popular though it requires extra effort to study them

⑤ are published not to be read but rather to be remembered

30. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Every writer is starting from a different point and is bound for a different destination. Yet many writers are paralyzed by the thought that they are competing with everybody else who is trying to write and presumably doing it better. This can often happen in a writing class. Inexperienced students are chilled to find themselves in the same class with students whose articles have appeared in the college newspaper. But writing for the college paper is no great credit; I have often found that the hares who write for the paper are overtaken by the tortoises who move studiously toward the goal of mastering the craft. The same fear hangs around freelance writers, who see the work of other writers appearing in magazines while their own keeps returning in the mail. Forget the competition and go at your own pace.

① 글쓰기를 두려워하지 마라.

② 글을 빨리 쓸 수 있도록 연습하라.

③ 대학 시절에 다작하는 습관을 형성하라.

④ 경쟁 의식을 버리고 소신껏 글쓰기를 하라.

⑤ 좋은 글을 쓰는 연습을 통해 인성을 함양하라.

31. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

The traditional American view was that fences were out of place in the American landscape. This notion turned up ① repeatedly in nineteenth-century American writing about the landscape. One author after another severely ② criticized “the Englishman’s insultingly inhospitable brick wall topped with broken bottles.” Frank J. Scott, an early landscape architect who had a large impact on the look of America’s first suburbs, worked tirelessly to ③ rid the landscape of fences. Writing in 1870, he held that to narrow our neighbors’ views of the free graces of Nature was ④ unselfish and undemocratic. To drive through virtually any American suburb today, where every lawn steps right up to the street in a gesture of ⑤ openness and welcoming, is to see how completely such views have triumphed.

32. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

A case of the negative impact of an innovation was reported by a researcher examining the spread of the snowmobile among the Skolt Lapps in northern Finland. The snowmobile offered considerable relative advantages to the Lapps who used reindeer sleds as their primary means of transportation. It was much faster, making trips for supplies more efficient. However, the snowmobile had (A) [beneficial / disastrous] effects on the Lapps. First, the noise of the snowmobile frightened the reindeer, who in turn exhibited health problems and produced fewer calves each year. Herd sizes were (B) [reduced / increased] further by herders who sold some of their reindeer to buy a snowmobile. With smaller herds, the Lapps found it more difficult to survive, and the snowmobile was eventually viewed as a product that drove the Lapps into (C) [poverty / wealth].

(A) (B) (C)

① beneficial …… reduced …… poverty

② disastrous …… reduced …… poverty

③ disastrous …… increased …… wealth

④ disastrous …… increased …… poverty

⑤ beneficial …… reduced …… wealth

[33～34] 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

33.

One of the most potentially productive trends in education today is the focus on interdisciplinary studies: teaching math as it applies to science, for example, or relating the various humanities. This applies to art education, too. If we trivialize art and remove it from the core of a mainstream education, we not only deny our students full access to one of humankind’s most profound experiences, but we miss countless opportunities to improve their grasp of other subjects as well. Moreover, we deny students access to an extremely useful kind of training and a productive mode of thought. We should also

consider that the more legitimately we weave art into the fabric of the general curriculum, the better our students will understand the important role art plays in culture.

① importance of early fine art education

② necessity of integrating art in the curriculum

③ shortage of teaching materials in art education

④ causes of decrease in the number of art classes

⑤ results of interdisciplinary education in the humanities

34.

Our love for another person pulls us out of ourselves and lifts our thoughts to a grander scale: How can I make the world better for this person? When I was young, the only love I experienced was the immature, selfish love of “I love her because she makes me feel good.” Now I think about the woman I love in terms of what she wants. I want to make her happy because I cannot be happy when she is unhappy. We discover that the act of giving true love is more powerful than getting the hug you need―if we can get over our own hunger for love, then we have reached the state of pure love, of being connected to a larger ideal, bigger than our own individual life.

① 사랑의 진정한 의미 ② 이타적 사랑의 한계 ③ 유년기 사랑의 특성

④ 감성과 이성의 조화 ⑤ 사랑의 예술적 승화

35. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 문장은?

The graph above shows the percentage of population growth and forest loss in the continents of the world since 1990. ① Africa shows the highest percentage of population growth, whereas Europe shows the lowest percentage of population growth. ② Africa also shows the highest percentage of forest loss, followed by Latin America, Oceania, Asia and North America. ③ The only continent that exhibits a negative percentage in forest loss, which translates to forest gain, is Europe. ④ A point of note is that while Asia and Oceania have similar percentages of population growth, Oceania displays less forest loss than Asia. ⑤ Overall, there are only two continents whose percentage of forest loss is greater than five percent.

36. Jaisalmer에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

Known as the Golden City, Jaisalmer, a former caravan center on the route to the Khyber Pass, rises from a sea of sand, its 30-foot-high walls and medieval sandstone fort sheltering palaces that soar into the sapphire sky. With its tiny winding lanes and hidden temples, Jaisalmer is straight out of The Arabian Nights. So little has the way of life altered here that it is easy to imagine yourself back in the 13th century. It is the only fortress city in India still functioning, with one quarter of its population living within the walls. It is just far enough off the beaten path to have been spared damage from tourists. The city’s wealth originally came from the substantial tolls it placed on passing merchants.

① Khyber Pass의 한 가운데 위치하고 있다. ② 생활 방식에 많은 변화를 겪어 왔다.

③ 인구의 절반이 성벽 안에 살고 있다. ④ 관광객으로 인한 피해가 컸다.

⑤ 상인들에게 통행료를 부과했었다.

37. Sofonisba Anguissola에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

The best-known female artist of the sixteenth century, Sofonisba Anguissola, was born into a noble Italian family. Her mother died young, leaving her wealthy husband with five talented daughters. Unusual of the time, this liberal father gave his daughters a full classical education including painting. It was this enlightened attitude that enabled Anguissola to earn her own living as a portrait painter in the Spanish court and helped her to rise above the restrictions of her class and gender. In Three Sisters Playing Chess, Anguissola broke with tradition by concentrating on those scenes and models available to her, painting her sisters in a domestic setting. This gave the portrait an immediacy, which allowed the contemporary Italian art historian Vasari to attribute to her the development of the conversational portrait, as opposed to the formal frontal or profile portrait.

① 부유한 아버지와 재능있는 자매들이 있었다.

② 그림 그리기를 포함한 고전 교육을 받았다.

③ Spain 궁정의 초상화가로서 생계를 유지했다.

④ Three Sisters Playing Chess에 자신의 자매들을 그렸다.

⑤ 당대의 화가 Vasari와 함께 정면 초상화 발전에 기여했다.

[38～39] 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

38.

Science, of course, is an indispensable source of information for the contemporary writer. It is, furthermore, a necessary part of his highly technological environment. Thus it is also an inevitable component of his sensibility and a decisive, even if often unrecognized,

component of his creative imagination. But science is not in itself an elemental well-spring of literature. Even the most refined and precise research data are only raw

materials which may or may not become literature. For whatever becomes a work of art of any kind does so as a result of an act of creation, an act of artistic composition, an act involving the art of make-believe. Scientific statements or remarks as such, even when they are valid, reliable, and comprehensive, are not literature.

① 과학 기술은 문학 사조의 변천에 영향을 미친다.

② 과학 정보는 창조 행위를 통해서 문학이 될 수 있다.

③ 현대의 작가들은 폭넓은 과학적 상식을 갖추어야 한다.

④ 문학 작품은 과학적 탐구를 위한 강한 동기를 부여한다.

⑤ 과학과 문학은 기본적으로 상상력을 바탕으로 발전한다.

39.

One of the common mistakes that employers make is looking at a team of employees as a homogeneous group that rises and falls together. Offering incentives, such as a group bonus or a vacation trip, to a team as a whole is not a smart managerial move because it fails to acknowledge who an individual is. For example, sending an entire team to Hawaii for a job well done actually discourages an employee’s efforts to do his best work. He only needs to perform well enough to help achieve the team objective. If, on the other hand, the employee knew that individual rewards were possible, he would be more likely to strive to outperform expectations. While teamwork is important within a corporation, management should come up with new compensation packages to help individuals to become champions. * homogeneous: 동질적인

① 성취에 대한 보상은 일관된 기준에 따라야 한다.

② 다양한 배경을 지닌 구성원으로 팀을 구성해야 한다.

③ 개별적 보상을 통해 개개인의 역량을 신장시켜야 한다.

④ 팀워크 향상을 위해 관리자 연수를 강화할 필요가 있다.

⑤ 정기적인 휴가를 통해 업무의 효율을 꾀할 수 있다.

40. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

Fortunately, one of the most sustained research programs in postwar musicology has succeeded in reconstructing their original sequence.

Beethoven took scraps of paper with him on his frequent walks, writing down his musical ideas as they came to him. ( ① ) At home, he kept large sketchbooks into which he might copy the results or enter new ideas, fashioning and refashioning the music, crossing it out and starting again. ( ② ) After Beethoven’s death these sketchbooks were scattered and in many cases broken up. ( ③ ) As a result, you can work through them and trace the painful process by which Beethoven edged toward the music that we know. ( ④ ) For instance, while the first section of the ‘Ode to Joy’ seems to have come to him with little difficulty, the middle section gave him enormous trouble; there is sketch upon sketch in which Beethoven tries one idea, then another. ( ⑤ ) And you find that the most characteristic and expressive features of the music come together only during the final stages of the compositional process.

[41～42] 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

41.

Many theatergoers have been offered lots of good plays including West Side Story, The King and I, and Dracula for several decades. However, they have hardly ever seen new works recently because many producers have avoided making a new play. Part of the reason may be the tremendous cost of making a new production these days. It is true that many producers asked to invest a few hundred thousand dollars in a production have preferred a play of proven merit and past success to a new, untried play. That sounds like a reasonable excuse but, in fact, this practice can lead to an undesirable situation. Unless new plays are given a chance today, there will be nothing to revive in the future.

① Secrets of Successful Theater Performance

② What Are Recent Trends in Stage Design?

③ Merits of Reviving Classic Plays

④ Why Not Take a Risk on New Plays?

⑤ Effective Ways to Reduce Production Cost

42.

If you compare a walnut with some of the beautiful and exciting things that grow on our planet, it does not seem to be a marvelous creation. It is common, rough, not particularly attractive, and certainly not of much value. Besides, it is small. Its growth is limited by the hard shell that surrounds it―the shell from which it never escapes during its lifetime. Of course, that is the wrong way to judge a walnut. Break one open and look inside. See how the walnut has grown to fill every corner available to it. It had no say in the size or shape of that shell. However, given those limitations, it achieved its full growth. How lucky we will be if, like the walnut, we blossom and bloom in every aspect of the life that is given us. Take heart! If one nut can do it, so can you.

① Reach Your Full Potential ② Be Strong Like a Nutshell

③ Walnuts: The New Cure-all ④ Soar Above the Walnut Trees

⑤ Rebuild Your Outer Shell

43. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

Jim performed fieldwork in Lesotho, a small nation in Africa. There, studying and interacting with local villagers, he patiently earned their trust until one day he was asked to join in one of their songs.

(A) The villagers found his response puzzling. They just stared at Jim and said, “What do you mean you don’t sing? You talk!” Jim recalls later, “It was as odd to them as if I told them that I couldn’t walk or dance, even though I have both my legs.”

(B) Jim replied in a soft voice, “I don’t sing,” and it was true. Although he was an excellent oboe player, he was unable to sing a simple melody.

(C) That’s because singing and dancing were a natural activity in their lives, involving everyone. Their word for singing, ho bina, also means ‘to dance’; there is no distinction, since it is assumed that singing involves bodily movement.

① (A) - (B) - (C) ② (A) - (C) - (B) ③ (B) - (A) - (C)

④ (B) - (C) - (A) ⑤ (C) - (A) - (B)

44. 다음 글에 드러난 ‘He’의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은? [1점]

And also in a moment his heart responded thrillingly to this novel mood. An instantaneous and strong impulse moved him to battle with his desperate fate. He would pull himself out of despair; he would make a man of himself again; he would conquer the evil that had taken possession of him. There was time; he was comparatively young yet: he would revive his old eager ambitions and pursue them without faltering. Those solemn but sweet organ notes had set up a revolution in him. Tomorrow he would go into the roaring downtown district and find work. A fur importer had once offered him a place as driver. He would find him tomorrow and ask for the position. He would be somebody in the world. * falter: 비틀거리다

① amused ② determined ③ indifferent

④ sympathetic ⑤ disappointed

45. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

If someone were to say “Life is a cup of coffee,” it is unlikely that you would have heard this expression‎ before. But its novelty forces you to think about its meaning. The vehicle used, a cup of coffee, is a common object of everyday life and therefore easily perceivable as a source for thinking about that life. The metaphor compels you to start thinking of life in terms of the kinds of physical, social, and other attributes that are associated with a cup of coffee. For this metaphor to gain currency, however, it must capture the fancy of many other people for a period of time. Then and only then will its novelty have become worn out and will it become the basis for a new conceptual metaphor: life is a drinking substance. After that, expressions such as “life is a cup of tea, life is a bottle of beer, life is a glass of milk,” will become similarly understandable as offering different perspectives on life.

→ A new metaphor initially makes people ____(A)____ its meaning; if it loses its novelty later by gaining ____(B)____, it will give birth to similar types of metaphorical expressions.

(A) (B) (A) (B)

① reflect on …… sincerity ② reflect on …… popularity

③ depart from …… popularity ④ depart from …… morality

⑤ expand on …… sincerity

[46～48] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A) Sometimes, someone saying you can’t do something is good for you. It builds mental toughness and conviction. I often tell people, “Anyone with young children will tell you, if you ask them not to do something, they’re guaranteed to do it.” The following story is an example of how my dad used this to (a) his (and ultimately my) advantage.

(B) I was so annoyed and upset by (b) his response that I worked tirelessly for the remainder of the school year. In those critical few months I worked so hard that I ended up winning three awards at the end of year prize-giving. The best part was being able to tell my dad that I’d been awarded a place at college. On hearing this news, he simply lowered his newspaper and, with a smile, said, “Well done, I always knew you would.” At that moment, I realized what (c) he had done by ‘discouraging’ me.

(C) This was my first experience of ‘reverse psychology.’ Some people might say it’s a risky strategy, but it has certainly worked for me. It has been extremely valuable in my life, giving me the confidence, determination and motivation to succeed, even when the odds are stacked against me. Now as a father myself, I sometimes use the same technique to motivate my own son. Often enough, he ends up with favorable results. I just hope one day (d) he also realizes that I had his best interests in mind.

(D) As a child I wasn’t particularly academic or ambitious, and certainly didn’t work very hard at my studies. It wasn’t until I was coming to the end of the eleventh grade―and facing the prospect of leaving school without any sense of what I wanted to do as a career―that I decided to apply to the local college to pursue further study. Feeling pleased with myself for having made this monumental decision, I proudly announced my plan to my dad. (e) His immediate reaction was to say, “You’ll never do that. They’ll never accept you.”

46. 위 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B) - (D) - (C) ② (C) - (B) - (D)

③ (C) - (D) - (B) ④ (D) - (B) - (C)

⑤ (D) - (C) - (B)

47. 밑줄 친 (a)～(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

48. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Power of Saying Yes

② Regrets That Came Too Late

③ Praise More, Achieve Higher

④ Father and Son: Can’t They Be Friends?

⑤ Tough Love: A Lesson from My Father

18. 밑줄 친 They가 가리키는 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

They are small plastic sticks with chemicals inside that produce a colored light when they are mixed together. They serve many purposes. They are used as light sources and light markers. They do not use any kind of electricity to work. That is why they are considered the only safe light source immediately following earthquakes, hurricanes, and other emergency situations. They are also safe for use in explosive environments because they do not have batteries or contain electrified filaments and there is no danger of sparking. They are disposable and frequently used for entertainment at parties, concerts and dance clubs.

① 야광봉 ② 폭죽 ③ 손전등 ④ 양초 ⑤ 형광등

19. 밑줄 친 She[she]가 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은? [1점]

The Koko Project is currently the most successful of all the ape language projects. Its goal was for Koko, a female gorilla, to learn 200 signs. ①She now knows over a thousand and understands at least 2,000 words. ②She asks questions, tells stories, uses and understands abstract words like “love” and even tells jokes. One day, one of Koko’s teachers talked with her about the color of her blanket. ③She asked what color the blanket was. The response was “red,” even though the blanket was white. The teacher asked her again, refusing to believe that ④she would make such a simple mistake. Still, Koko responded “red,” and repeated it several times. Then ⑤she pulled a tiny piece of red lint off the blanket, pointed to it, and signed “red.” *lint 실밥

20. 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Countless people drowse in their seats, which is a common scene on the subway. Until now, the subway has been considered a form of transportation only. Well, the Metropolitan Transit Corporation is planning to spice things up a little. Surprisingly, some of the stations will be turned into open markets called Happy Subway Space. We will be able to buy various fresh products from seven other provinces. This brilliant event benefits both sellers and shoppers. Government-authorized products will be available for consumers directly. With low prices and guaranteed products, a unique shopping experience is expected. The underground markets will be opened in Ramada, Old Castle, and Main Bridge stations on Central Line.

① 농산물 직거래의 장점을 알리려고

② 지하철 안전 규칙 준수를 당부하려고

③ 도심지 교통난의 해소 방안을 제시하려고

④ 노점상 규제 방법의 문제점을 제기하려고

⑤ 지하철 역내 시장이 열리는 것을 홍보하려고

21. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Depression really does change the way you see the world. People with the condition find it (A) [easy / easily] to interpret large images or scenes, but struggle to “spot the difference” in fine detail. Depressed people have a shortage of GABA, a neurotransmitter linked to a visual skill. This substance helps us suppress details (B) [surrounding / surrounded] the object our eyes are focused on. To link this ability with major depressive disorder, researchers asked 32 people to watch a brief computer animation of white bars drifting over a grey and black background, and (C) [say / said] which way they were moving. When the image was large, the volunteers who had recovered from depression performed the task more easily. But they did less well when looking at a small image, for their ability to discriminate fine details was impaired.

(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)

① easy ----- surrounding ----- say ② easy ----- surrounded ----- say

③ easy ----- surrounding ----- said ④ easily ----- surrounded ----- said

⑤ easily ----- surrounding ----- said

22. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점]

Do you think the new or used vehicle you are purchasing is safe? Since the introduction of automotive crash-testing, the number of people killed and injured by motor vehicles ①has decreased in many countries. Obviously, it would be ideal ②to have no car crashes. However, car crashes are a reality and you want the best possible chance of survival. How are cars becoming safer? One of the reasons cars have been getting safer ③is that we can conduct a well-established crash test with test dummies. The dummy’s job is to simulate a human being ④while a crash, collecting data that would not be possible to collect from a human occupant. So far, they have provided invaluable data on how human bodies react in crashes and have contributed greatly to ⑤improved vehicle design.

23. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

While many natural boundaries of animal life like seas exist to maintain a separation between ecosystems, man has the means to move across these barriers, carrying species from one ecosystem into another. ①Prior to the advent of rapid transportation modes, some of the species had never made contact with one another. ②The fundamental problem with this unprecedented contact of different species is that it poses a threat to biodiversity. ③There are many critically endangered species and several of our most majestic creatures may not live due to climate change. ④Having had no previous contact with the other species, the newly accessed species may be exposed to a disease for which it has not yet developed immunity. ⑤New species introduced into existing ecosystems can destroy those defenseless ecosystems, confusing the ecological balance.

[24～28] 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

24.

How sweet is it not to do work? Recently, researchers have identified the four key factors that stood out as the most strongly linked with _______________: how confident a person is of completing a particular task successfully; how easily distracted an individual is; how boring or unpleasant the task is; and how immediate the reward for completion will be. The more uncertain of success or easily sidetracked you are, the more likely it is that you will do an assignment or chore later. Similarly, the less pleasant the task and the less immediate its payback, the greater the chance you will pencil the task into the following day or week in the diary again and again. These factors help explain why people leave things till the last minute.

① doubt ② delay ③ complaint ④ competition ⑤ punishment

25.

Do you take your possessions for granted? Apart from a few exceptions, we don’t appreciate everyday things enough, thinks James Pierce from Indiana University. He believes we discard the old for the new too frequently and without thought. To make us think twice about tossing, he has designed ways for objects to be more engaging and meaningful. For example, a table with a digital counter displaying the number of heavy objects placed on it during its lifetime; a lamp that dims if you leave it on for too long; or a clock that occasionally grows bored of showing the right time, so deviates briefly, only to correct itself and display the message “Haha” to tell you it was just joking. According to Pierce, these objects _______________ can help people become materially aware and pay more attention to their ordinary life. *deviate 빗나가다

① with their own names ② with unintended defects

③ of great external beauty ④ with extraordinary functions

⑤ of an enormous volume and size

26.

No location on Earth is in greater need of environmental improvement than Africa. One might think that the best way to preserve Africa is for tourists to simply stay away. However, a system that removes people from the landscape and puts a fence around it often fails. Humans are but another organism on this planet. The land needs people to heal it, and the people need the land to sustain their livelihoods. In this sense, _______________ can be an answer to the preservation of Africa. For example, a gorilla’s natural habitat can be protected through tourism, because, in order to run the business, the area shouldn’t be destroyed. Or you can also have another environmentally conscious trip by visiting a zone preserving endangered vegetation since the tourist revenue goes toward accomplishing the goal.

① strict separation ② eco-friendly tourism ③ environmental education

④ biological modification ⑤ construction assistance

27.

Whether going to picnic tables or underneath a flower petal, bees always _______________. Using sugar water, scientists trained honeybees to fly to a platform. Footage of the bees showed that however flat or steep the surface, bees slow to a hover at 13 millimeters away from wherever they are going to settle. If the surface was flat, bees simply touched down their back legs first. If the platform was anywhere between vertical and upside-down, on the other hand, the insects made contact with their antennae first. Then, the bees hauled their front legs up and finished with a flip-like maneuver to get their mid-legs and rear legs onto the surface. Despite the small size of the brain, bees manage to perform complicated tasks, including smooth upside-down touchdowns.

① dance to inform other bees of food sources

② leave marks to keep their territories

③ land with their own strategies

④ use their eyes to measure the distance

⑤ remember the way to go back to their home

28. [3점]

CCTV is designed to provide reassurance to the public. However, a study led by Dave Williams demonstrates that in certain contexts CCTV can rather __________. His research team presented 120 participants with pictures of a fictional street scene. When the scene contained both a wild-looking man and a CCTV camera, the participants reported raised concern about walking in the scene, compared with when the same scene was either empty, contained a smartly dressed woman with or without a CCTV camera, or a wild-looking man without a camera. In other words, it was specifically the combination of the man and CCTV that provoked fear. “Protecting cities from crimes with visible technological measures may not always reduce fear of crime,” the researchers said.

① cue the perception of a threat ② violate privacy and human rights

③ be useless due to its poor recording ④ be misused for various kinds of crimes

⑤ cost much for its installation and maintenance

29. 다음 글의 상황에 나타난 분위기로 가장 적절한 것은? [1점]

A huge tour company bus was coming around the bend in the road ― a blind spot on the Pulaski Skyway. Just 100 yards behind the sedan and Jose’s car, it was traveling very fast in the left lane, the same lane where they were stopped. Would the driver see them in time? If not, the massive motor coach probably had enough force to crush both stopped vehicles. Jose had planned to pull a little girl out of the sedan, but traffic had prevented him from getting her door open in time. His own two children were now at immediate risk in the backseat of his SUV. Jose raced back to his car, started the engine, and floored it. The bus kept coming. It was getting nearer to the sedan.

① lively and noisy ② urgent and tense ③ solemn and grave

④ calm and peaceful ⑤ mysterious and scary

30. 다음 그림에 대한 글의 내용 중, 밑줄 친 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Figure A shows a single pulley with a weight(W) on one ①end of the rope. The other end is held by a person who must apply a force (F) to keep the weight hanging in the air. In order for the weight and pulley to remain in equilibrium, the person holding the end of the rope must pull down with a force that is ②equal in magnitude to the tension in the rope. In Figure B, as the rope is pulled up, the pulley can also move up. The weight is attached to this ③moveable pulley. Now the weight is supported by both the rope end ④attached to the upper bar and the end held by the person. Each side of the rope is supporting the weight, so each side carries ⑤double the weight. It is like two people carry the weight. *equilibrium 평형, 균형

31. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In a super-size oriented age, we believe everything we own should become bigger and bigger. But this (A) impatience / obsession] with gigantism has dwarfed even our sense of self. With a rising tide of materialism, it’s no longer about what we have, but about how much we can stuff into ourselves. An inflationary ideology that (B) [pursues / compromises] quality for quantity can be traced back to Hollywood and celebrity. They promote a culture of excess, which the majority of star gazers flock to follow. Yet an undercurrent movement referred to as “small living” is creating waves against (C) [wasteful / watchful] consumption. An increasing number of global citizens are realizing that bigger is not better, and that more shouldn’t necessarily be obtainable.

(A) (B) (C)

① impatience ----- pursues ----- wasteful

② impatience ----- pursues ----- watchful

③ impatience ----- compromises ----- wasteful

④ obsession ----- compromises ----- watchful

⑤ obsession ----- compromises ----- wasteful

32. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Price skimming, one of the pricing strategies, is the act of initially setting a high price for a product with the intention of lowering it later. Companies base the price on the highest amount customers will pay in relation to demand. ____(A)____, companies first target a group of customers willing to pay a premium for a particular good or service. Once that demand has been met and subsides, the price is adjusted for the next layer of customers. ____(B)____, the strategy of penetration pricing sees a company price a product or service at an initially low price. It is based on the assumption that customers will switch brands based on competitive pricing. At first, profit is sacrificed for the building of new clients. This allows the company to gain a superior hold on the market before competitors can react.

(A) (B)

① In other words ----- In contrast

② In other words ----- As a result

③ For example ----- Likewise

④ Otherwise ----- Likewise

⑤ Otherwise ----- In contrast

[33～34] 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

33.

Boys are better than girls at math. Or so we all thought. Whether there is a real gender difference in math ability and if so, why, has long been debated. In fact, the gender gap in math ability might have more to do with the society we live in than biological differences between the sexes, a new study suggests. Recently, researchers looked at the results of math tests taken by more than 275,000 15-year-old students across 40 different countries. In countries where women occupy an equal position to men in society, such as Sweden, there was virtually no gender gap in math ability. However, in countries with lower levels of gender equality, such as Turkey, the boys performed better in math tests than the girls.

① 양성평등 실현을 위한 국가별 교육

② 수리 능력이 국가 경쟁력에 미치는 영향

③ 수리 능력 향상을 위한 연령별 학습전략

④ 여성의 수리 능력이 남성보다 뛰어난 이유

⑤ 성별 수리 능력 차이와 성평등 수준과의 상관성

34.

Outside of major planetary occurrences such as earthquakes and volcanoes, there are very few events on earth that are not involved in some way with microorganisms or bacteria. Some marine algae that routinely cover huge patches of ocean absorb sunlight and convert it into heat before it can be reflected back into space. Since oceans are the “earth’s weather engine,” microbes thus affect the weather. Most multicellular forms of life live in intimate association with a host of microbes. More to the point, there is probably no human endeavor in which microbes fail to play a role at some level. It is quite clear that without microbes life on earth could not exist, while people tend to consider microbial activities only in terms of their primary effect on themselves (e.g. diseases) and their commercial enterprises (e.g. wine production). *algae 해조류

① the causes of ecological imbalance

② the effects of microbes on the earth

③ the role of germs in climate change

④ the danger of bacteria that cause diseases

⑤ the differences between bacteria and viruses

35. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 문장은?

The above graph shows the average minutes spent on volunteer work per day by age and sex in 2009. In most age groups, women spent more time than men working for others. ①Sex differences are smallest in the youngest group and greatest in the second oldest group, with women spending 1.5 times as long as men doing volunteer work. ②In the 65 and over age group, unlike the other groups, men spent more time than women on voluntary services. ③Individuals at ages 12-24 worked voluntarily fewer minutes per day than individuals in older age groups. ④Volunteer time tended to increase with age, but decreased for those aged 65 and over. ⑤Women at ages 55-64 spent more than twice as much time providing services as women at ages 25-34.

36. 다음 글에서 AquaPenguin에 관한 내용과 일치하는 것은?

Penguins may be clumsy on land. But they are speedy swimmers and expert divers. That inspired scientists to develop the AquaPenguin, a robot that flies underwater just like the real birds, but not in the sky. They are designed as autonomous underwater vehicles that navigate independently. Highly flexible, they can move skillfully in cramped spaces and turn on the spot when necessary. They can swim in any direction, even backwards. They have a gripping device sensitive enough to manipulate fragile objects of various shapes. They are also supported by a 3D sonar system which makes use of ultra-sound signals, similar to those used by dolphins, and allows communication with their surroundings and other robotic penguins.

① 수중과 공중에서 스스로 이동할 수 있다.

② 회전할 수 없어 좁은 공간에서 이동이 어렵다.

③ 뒤쪽을 제외한 모든 방향으로 헤엄칠 수 있다.

④ 부서지기 쉬운 물체를 섬세하게 다룰 수 있다.

⑤ 돌고래와 전혀 다른 종류의 초음파를 사용한다.

37. Baja California에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Baja California is a peninsula located in North America. In the 17th century, the Spanish authorities sent missionaries to the land, but they failed to settle because of the harsh environment and enormous natural disasters. Meanwhile, the large native population had died of European epidemics unknowingly brought by the missionaries. With the creation of Mexico in 1832, Baja California was declared its twelfth state, both the northernmost and westernmost state of Mexico. The modern conveniences came very late there; electricity did not arrive until 1964. However, these days, Baja California has one of the best educational programs in the country. It provides education and qualification courses such as School-Enterprise linkage programs which help the development of labor force according to the needs of the industry.

① 북아메리카에 위치한 반도이다.

② 환경적 제약으로 스페인 선교사들이 정착에 실패했다.

③ 선교사들이 원주민에게 전염병을 옮겼다.

④ 1832년에 멕시코로부터 독립을 선언했다.

⑤ 노동력 개발을 위한 교육 프로그램을 제공한다.

[38～39] 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

38.

In our time, the great educational challenge has become an effort to strengthen the teaching of what are now known as the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math). There is considerable and justified concern that our country should keep up with other countries in these essential disciplines. At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government but by academic institutions themselves. Our society could not survive without STEM knowledge but we would be equally impoverished without humanistic knowledge as well. The former teaches us what we can do, while the latter can help us understand what we should do.

① 이공계 기피 현상이 해마다 심각해지고 있다.

② 모든 학문은 연구 방법에 있어 공통점이 많다.

③ 인문 과학에 대한 지원과 관심이 부족한 실정이다.

④ 대학은 사회가 요구하는 실용적인 학과를 개설해야 한다.

⑤ 과학 기술에 대한 투자 부족은 국가 경쟁력을 약화시킨다.

39.

Conventional wisdom says that being a loser is bad and parents must protect their children from losing at all costs. However, loss is a natural part of life, and everyone should experience defeat at least once during his life trip. Children who are taught that loss is terrible and traumatic, rather than normal and natural, are ill-prepared to cope with it. To help your child become a “good loser,” you model a positive attitude about experiences in life, regardless of what those experiences are. All events are neutral, and it’s how you view them that gives them meaning. In essence, helping your child become a good loser means helping him to approach life from an optimistic point-of-view: What can be learned from loss, and how can that learning benefit him? *traumatic 충격적인

① 실패를 긍정적으로 받아들일 수 있도록 가르쳐야 한다.

② 끊임없는 도전을 통해 패배의식에서 벗어날 수 있다.

③ 객관적 상황 판단력은 문제 해결에 도움을 준다.

④ 개방적인 가정환경은 아이의 자립심을 키운다.

⑤ 지나친 경쟁은 아이의 자존감을 손상시킨다.

40. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

Caffeine mimics this process; so it can “plug up” the sense organ and prevent adenosine from getting through.

If you start the day with a strong cup of coffee or tea, you’re not alone. Americans take in the caffeine equivalent of 530 million cups of coffee every day. Caffeine is the world’s most popular mood-altering drug. (①) It’s also one of the oldest: according to archaeologists, man has been brewing beverages from caffeine-based plants since the Stone Age. (②) Caffeine doesn’t keep you awake by supplying extra energy; rather it fools your body into thinking it isn’t tired. (③) When your brain is tired and wants to slow down, it releases a chemical called adenosine. (④) Adenosine travels to special cells called receptors, where it goes to work counteracting the chemicals that stimulate your brain. (⑤) The result is that your brain never gets the signal to slow down, and keeps building up stimulants.

[41～42] 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

41.

Members of a group tend to avoid promoting viewpoints outside the comfort zone of consensus thinking. It is a type of thought exhibited by group members who try to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critically testing, analyzing, and eval‎uating ideas. It may cause groups to make hasty, irrational decisions, where individual doubts are set aside, for fear of upsetting the group’s balance. To protect the group from this groupthink, leaders should assign each member the role of critical eval‎uator or devil’s advocate. This allows each member to freely air objections and doubts. Another is to stress to group members the importance of supporting their opinions with evidence. Furthermore, emphasizing commitment to the task rather than just commitment to the group can help members overcome the tendency to hold back differing opinions.

① No Groupthink, Why & How ② The Role of Critical Eval‎uators

③ Who Should Be the Group Leader? ④ Three Ways of Consensus Thinking

⑤ Different Views: Hinderance to Group’s Balance

42.

People look to the center of a face for familiarity. When people are trying to recognize a face, the first thing they look at is the nose ― whether they know it or not. Researchers at the University of California showed subjects faces on a computer screen and tracked their eye movements. They found that most people look first just to the left of the nose, then to the center of the nose, then to the eyes. The first look was enough for people to recognize a face. The second look increased accuracy, but the third did not. Those two glances at the nose were enough. The researchers speculate that glancing at the center of the face makes it easiest to take in enough information about the whole face to enable recognition.

① Judging Beauty by Nose ② Stay in Touch, Stay Familiar

③ Nose: Key to Facial Recognition ④ It’s All about the First Impression

⑤ Eye Contact, Best Way to Communicate

43. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

Just 20 years ago, chances were you had only one major source of medical information: your doctor.

(A) Using the Internet in this way has many advantages. Besides having access to the full body of medical literature, you can gain support and feel a sense of connection through patient networks.

(B) These days, however, things have changed. The mere hint of a symptom is enough to send us to the Internet, where we can type in our symptoms and access a wealth of medical information from our favorite health web sites.

(C) But many doctors are skeptical about the helpfulness of online medical information. They are concerned that many web-only patients can miss important facts and mismanage their problems. The guidance of a real doctor is essential when a significant problem develops.

① (A)-(B)-(C) ② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

44. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

It is well known that children’s bodies react to medications much differently than adults and that children can experience unique side effects not seen in adults. For this reason, the Food and Drug Administration’s pediatric policy requires all new drugs to be studied in children at the same time the drug comes to market for adults. However, the FDA is planning to suspend this pediatric drug rule for two years. That is a terrible blow to our efforts to ensure that medicines taken by children are tested for their use. Doctors need to have the safety, effectiveness, and dosing information that pediatric testing provides. It would be a tragedy to lose two years of pediatric-research information. The pediatric rule is definitely needed to ensure that all of the medicines we prescribe are tested and labeled for use in children.

① 약 성분을 정확하게 표시해야 한다. ② 항생제의 과잉 처방을 규제해야 한다.

③ 소아용 약은 복용하기 쉽게 만들어야 한다. ④ 신약 개발을 위한 동물 실험을 중지해야 한다.

⑤ 어린이 대상의 약물 임상 실험 정책을 유지해야 한다.

45. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

“Opposites attract when choosing partners” is the common response when you see a contrasting couple like a party person and a quiet introvert. Yet we all know couples who have similar personalities ― they like the same restaurants or are both neat freaks. So are people attracted to those unlike themselves to complement their personalities, or do people seek out a partner just like themselves because it’s positively reinforcing? It turns out that neither hypothesis is true. A study of 36 couples found that there were no significant inter-personality similarities or disparities between each couple. In other words, there was no correlation between each individual partner’s personalities, but there was a correlation between a person’s optimal self-concept and the perception they had of their partner. So, if you aspire to be organized, you are likely to believe that your partner is more organized than he or she really is.

⇒ Choosing partners is more affected by the ____(A)____ concept that people have of themselves rather than by the likenesses or differences of ____(B)____ between two people.

(A) (B) (A) (B)

① theoretical ----- wealth ② ideal ----- characters

③ ideal ----- abilities ④ opposite ----- personalities

⑤ opposite ----- appearance

[46～48] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A)

A business executive was deep in debt and could see no way out. (a)He sat on the park bench, wondering if anything could save his company from bankruptcy. Suddenly an old man appeared before him. After listening to the executive’s woes, the old man said, “I believe I can help you.” He asked the man his name, wrote out a check, and pushed it into (b)his hand saying, “Take this money. Meet me here exactly one year from today, and you can pay me back at that time.” Then he turned and disappeared as quickly as he had come.

(B)

“I’m so glad I caught him!” she cried. “I hope he hasn’t been bothering you. He’s always escaping from the rest home and telling people he’s John D. Rockefeller.” And she led (c)him away by the arm. The astonished executive just stood there, stunned. All year long he’d been struggling as hard as he could, convinced he had half a million dollars behind him. Suddenly, he realized that it wasn’t the money, real or imagined, that had turned his life around. It was newfound self-confidence that encouraged him to achieve anything he went after.

(C)

The business executive saw in his hand a check for $500,000 signed by John D. Rockefeller, then one of the richest men in the world! “I can erase my money worries in an instant!” he realized. But instead, (d)he decided to put the uncashed check in his safe. Just knowing it was there might give him the strength to work out a way to save his business, he thought.

(D)

With renewed optimism, he negotiated better deals and extended terms of payment. He closed several big sales. Within a few months, he was out of debt and making money once again. Exactly one year later, (e)he returned to the park with the uncashed check. At the agreed-upon time, the old man appeared. But just as the executive was about to hand back the check and share his success story, a nurse came running up and grabbed him.

46. 위 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B)-(C)-(D) ② (C)-(B)-(D) ③ (C)-(D)-(B)

④ (D)-(B)-(C) ⑤ (D)-(C)-(B)

47. 위 글의 내용으로 보아, 밑줄 친 (a)～(e)중에서 나머지 넷과 가리키는 바가 다른 하나는?

① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

48. 위 글이 시사하는 바를 가장 잘 나타낸 것은?

① Charity begins at home. ② Honesty is the best policy.

③ A friend in need is a friend indeed. ④ Self-trust is the first secret of success.

⑤ You shall love your neighbor as yourself.

[49～50] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

A man found a cocoon of a butterfly. One day a small opening appeared. He sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop making any progress. It appeared as if it had gotten as far as it could, and it could go no further. So the man decided to help the butterfly. He took a pair of scissors and snipped off the remaining bit of the cocoon. The butterfly then emerged easily. But it had a swollen body and small, shriveled wings. The man continued to watch the butterfly because he expected that, at any moment, the wings would enlarge and expand to be able to support the body, which would contract in time. Neither happened! In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and shriveled wings. It never was able to fly.

What the man, in his kindness and haste, did not understand was that the ________________ was an essential element required for the butterfly to get through the tiny opening. Forcing fluid from the body of the butterfly into its wings was God’s way of allowing the cocoon to get ready for flight. Sometimes struggles are exactly what we need in our lives. If God allowed us to go through our lives without any obstacles, it would cripple us. We would not be as strong as what we could have been. We could never fly! *shriveled 오그라든

49. 위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① timely assistance from humans

② flexibility in changing situations

③ struggle against natural enemies

④ pressure and demand from others

⑤ restriction and torment to endure alone

50. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Dangers of Flight

② Stranger’s Sacrifice

③ What Makes You Fly

④ Truth of Butterfly Effects

⑤ Reach Your Hand to Nature

18. 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? [1점]

I was pleased to receive your letter requesting a letter of reference for a Future Leaders scholarship. As your physics teacher, I can certainly speak highly of your academic abilities. Your grades have consistently been A’s and B’s in my class. Since this is the first semester that I have had you in class, however, I do not feel that I am the right person to provide information on your leadership skills. I would encourage you to request a reference letter from those teachers with whom you have had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills. I am sure many teachers would be willing to provide letters for you. Good luck with your scholarship.

① 장학금 추천서 부탁을 거절하려고

② 뛰어난 학업 성취를 칭찬하려고

③ 물리학 강좌 수강을 안내하려고

④ 장학금 수혜 소식을 알려주려고

⑤ 장학금 신청을 권유하려고

19. 밑줄 친 she[her]가 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

There was a girl who grew flowers in New Jersey and sometimes took flowers to customers on Staten Island. To get there, ① she had to go over a bridge paying a toll of $2.50. One day, as she was approaching the toll booth, she saw a toll booth attendant who reminded ② her of her mother. As she reached in ③ her pocket, she found she had no money but a half dollar. Not knowing what to do, ④ she handed the coin to her and asked nervously, “Want to buy a fresh red rose?” The attendant looked surprised at first, but glancing at the cars piling up behind her, she took two dollars from her purse and rang it up on the cash register. “Yes, I’ll take it,” ⑤ she said with a smile. “And I suppose the price is two dollars even, right?”

20. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

The phrase, ‘jack-of-all-trades’ is a ① shortened version of ‘jack of all trades and master of none.’ It refers to those who ② claim to be proficient at countless tasks, but cannot perform a single one of them well. The phrase was first used in England at the start of the Industrial Revolution. A large number of efficiency experts set up shop in London, ③ advertising themselves as knowledgeable about every type of new manufacturing process, trade, and business. For a substantial fee, they would impart their knowledge to their clients. But it soon became ④ evident that their knowledge was limited and of no practical value. Doubtful industrialists started calling these self-appointed experts ‘jacks of all trades and masters of none.’ These experts are still with us, and as a result so ⑤ does the phrase.

21. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Mr. Potter was sailing for Europe on one of the greatest transatlantic ocean liners. When he went on board, he found (A) [another / other] passenger was to share the cabin with him. After going to see the accommodations, he came up to the purser’s desk and inquired (B) [if / that] he could leave his valuables in the ship’s safe. Mr. Potter explained that ordinarily he never availed himself of that privilege, but he had been to his cabin and had met the man who was to occupy the other bed. Judging from his appearance, he was afraid that he might not be a very trustworthy person. The purser accepted the responsibility for the valuables and (C) [remarking / remarked], “It’s all right. I’ll be very glad to take care of them for you. The other man has been up here and left his valuables for the same reason!” * purser: 선박의 사무장

(A) (B) (C) (A) (B) (C)

① another …… that …… remarking ② another …… if …… remarked

③ another …… if …… remarking ④ other …… if …… remarked

⑤ other …… that …… remarked

22. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Geothermal heat, generated inside the Earth, helps keep the temperature of the ground at a depth of several meters at a nearly constant temperature of about 10°C to 20°C. ① This constant temperature can be used to cool and heat buildings by using a heat pump. ② A heat pump contains a water-filled loop of pipe, which is buried to a depth where the temperature is nearly constant. ③ In summer, warm water from the building is pumped through the pipe down into the ground, since the underground temperature is lower than the air temperature. ④ However, far more use is made of geothermal energy for direct heat than any other source of energy. ⑤ The water cools and then is pumped back to the building where it absorbs more heat, and the cycle is epeated.

23. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Comparing yourself with others is natural and can be motivational. However, too much of it leads to envy, especially if you’re ungenerous toward yourself. Instead, try measuring your present self against your past self. When I asked a salesperson to map his sales performance, he was amazed to see that he had achieved a 5% to 10% annual increase in sales while at his firm. This made him feel more self-confident and lessened his resentment toward his colleagues. If you feel threatened every time a perceived rival does well, remind yourself of your own strengths and successes.

① 타인의 장점을 인정하자. ② 결과보다는 과정에 충실하자.

③ 타인을 통해 자신을 돌아보자. ④ 자신의 능력과 장점에 초점을 맞추자.

⑤ 자신의 감정을 통제하는 능력을 기르자.

24. 다음 글에 드러난 Michael의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은? [1점]

Michael dared to look inside the window, but from the deep shadow of the trees and the gloom within, he could not clearly make out the objects within. Although every nerve in his body cautioned otherwise, he slowly pushed open the door. The door creaked as it swung back. As he carefully took a step inside, the door slammed shut. Michael’s futile attempts to open the door only increased his panic. He tried to calm his thundering heart by repeating to himself, “I am not afraid. I am not afraid,” but to no avail. He suddenly felt an uneasy darkness consume him from within. He opened his mouth to call for help, but his words failed him.

① sympathetic ② weary

③ horrified ④ disappointed

⑤ gloomy

[25～30] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

25.

Errors and failures typically corrupt all human designs. Indeed, the failure of a single component of your car’s engine could force you to call for a tow truck. Similarly, a tiny wiring error in your computer’s circuits can mean throwing the whole computer out. Natural systems are different, though. Throughout Earth’s history, an estimated 3 million to 100 million species have disappeared, which means that this year somewhere between three and a hundred species will vanish. However, such natural extinctions appear to cause little harm. Over millions of years the ecosystem has developed an amazing ___________ to errors and failures, surviving even such drastic events as the impact of the Yucatan meteorite, which killed tens of thousands of species. * meteorite: 운석

① connection ② intolerance ③ insensitivity

④ accessibility ⑤ subjectivity

26.

Unlike deviance in other settings, deviance in sports often involves ___________________ norms and expectations. For example, most North Americans see playing football as a positive activity. Young men are encouraged to ‘be all they can be’ as football players and to live by slogans such as “There is no ‘I’ in t-e-a-m.” They are encouraged to increase their weight and strength, so that they can play more effectively and contribute to the success of their teams. When young men go too far in their acceptance of expectations to become bigger and stronger, when they are so committed to playing football and improving their skills on the field that they use muscle-building drugs, they become deviant. This type of ‘overdoing-it-deviance’ is dangerous, but it is grounded in completely different social dynamics from the dynamics that occur in the ‘antisocial deviance’ enacted by alienated young people who reject commonly accepted rules and expectations.

① a disciplined control of the desire to avoid

② wasted efforts and resources in establishing

③ ambitious attempts to get independent of and free from

④ a traditional approach of matching slogans and mottos with

⑤ an unquestioned acceptance of and extreme conformity to

27.

Time pressure leads to frustration, and when we are frustrated or experience other negative emotions, our thinking becomes narrower and less creative. However, people are unaware of this phenomenon and live under the illusion that when they are experiencing time pressure, they are also more creative. This explains why time pressure is pervasive and to some extent accounts for the increase in rates of depression. We are generally too busy trying to squeeze more and more activities into less and less time. Consequently, we fail to enjoy potential sources of happiness that may be all around us. To enjoy the richness that life has to offer, ________________________.

① we need to take our time

② we should maximize our opportunities

③ we have to deal with depression wisely

④ it is necessary to explore some creative ideas

⑤ it is important to embrace even negative emotions

28.

With no attempt there can be no failure and with no failure no humiliation. So our self-esteem in this world depends entirely on what we back ourselves to be and do. It is determined by the ratio of our actualities to our supposed potentialities. Thus, _________. This illustrates how every rise in our levels of expectation entails a rise in the dangers of humiliation. What we understand to be normal is critical in determining our chances of happiness. It also hints at two ways for raising our self-esteem. On the one hand, we may try to achieve more; and on the other, we may reduce the number of things we want to achieve. The advantages of the latter approach lie in the following statement: To give up pretensions is as blessed a relief as to get them gratified. [3점]

① the higher your expectations are, the more you will achieve

② self-esteem can be increased by lowering actualities

③ success divided by pretensions equals self-esteem

④ early failures in life may lead to happiness later in life

⑤ more supposed potentialities increase chances of happiness

29.

For many people ‘nature’ is defined as a negative: It exists where people do not. Nature lies outside the urban and agricultural realms, in regions of Earth where natural processes are unhindered. Nature is where fallen logs rot and acorns grow, wildfires turn woodlands into meadows, and barrier islands shift with the currents ― all without human interference. By extension, this definition suggests that nature is best protected by keeping humans far away, so that it can continue to run itself. But there is a serious problem with this view. If nature is defined as a landscape uninfluenced by humankind, then _____________________. Prehistoric peoples changed their surrounding ecosystems, whether by installing orchards in the Amazon or by hunting many large mammals to extinction in North America. And modern humans are changing the global environment even more profoundly, whether through planet-wide climate change, or by the worldwide movement of synthetic chemicals through the food chain.

① humans cannot exist without nature

② there is no nature on the planet at all

③ it deserves to be preserved at all costs

④ modern people owe much to their ancestors

⑤ humans are at the mercy of the forces of nature

30.

The most obvious salient feature of moral agents is a capacity for rational thought. This is an uncontested necessary condition for any form of moral agency, since we all accept that people who are incapable of reasoned thought cannot be held morally responsible for their actions. However, if we move beyond this uncontroversial salient feature of moral agents, then the most salient feature of actual flesh-and-blood (as opposed to ridiculously idealized) individual moral agents is surely the fact that every moral agent ______________ every moral problem situation. That is, there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question “What are the basic ways in which moral agents wish to affect others?” Rather, moral agents wish to affect ‘others’ in different ways depending upon who these ‘others’ are.

① brings multiple perspectives to bear on

② seeks an uncontroversial cure-all solution to

③ follows the inevitable fate of becoming idealized in

④ comes with prejudices when assessing the features of

⑤ sacrifices moral values to avoid being held responsible for

31. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

When it comes to food choices, young people are particularly (A) [vulnerable / immune] to peer influences. A teenage girl may eat nothing but a lettuce salad for lunch, even though she will become hungry later, because that is what her friends are eating. A slim boy who hopes to make the wrestling team may routinely overload his plate with foods that are (B) [dense / deficient] in carbohydrates and proteins to ‘bulk up’ like the wrestlers of his school. An overweight teen may eat (C) [greedily / moderately] while around his friends but then devour huge portions when alone. Few young people are completely free of food-related pressures from peers, whether or not these pressures are imposed intentionally. * carbohydrate: 탄수화물

(A) (B) (C)

① vulnerable …… dense …… greedily

② vulnerable …… dense …… moderately

③ vulnerable …… deficient …… greedily

④ immune …… deficient …… moderately

⑤ immune …… dense …… greedily

32. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? [3점]

It is said that although people laugh in the same way, they don’t necessarily laugh at the same things. If this is true of a single community, it is even more true of people who live in different societies, because the topics that people find amusing, and the occasions that are regarded as ① appropriate for joking, can vary enormously from one society to the next. Some styles of humor with silly actions are guaranteed to raise a laugh everywhere. But because of their reliance on shared assumptions, most jokes travel very ② well. This is particularly ③ noticeable in the case of jokes that involve a play on words. They are difficult, and in some cases virtually ④ impossible to translate into other languages. Therefore, this is why people’s attempts to tell jokes to ⑤ foreigners are so often met with blank stares.

33. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Many grocery stores give the shopper the option of paper or plastic grocery bags. Many people instinctively say that paper is less harmful to the environment ― after all, paper is biodegradable and recyclable. ____(A)____, most plastic is manufactured using oil by-products and natural gas. Plastic is not always easily or economically recyclable, and once manufactured, plastic may last virtually indefinitely. Yet in the United States, paper products are the single largest component of municipal waste. Even though paper products may theoretically be biodegradable, in most landfills, they do not biodegrade. ____(B)____, paper production emits air pollution, specifically 70 percent more pollution than the production of plastic bags. And consider that making paper uses trees that could be absorbing carbon dioxide. The paper bag making process also results in three times more water pollutants than making plastic bags.

(A) (B)

① In contrast …… Furthermore

② In contrast …… However

③ As a result …… Likewise

④ For instance …… Nonetheless

⑤ For instance …… Therefore

[34～35] 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

34.

While predictions about the future are always difficult, one can be made with certainty. People will find themselves in large numbers of interactions where intercultural communication skills will be essential. There are several reasons for such prediction. Some reasons include increasing amounts of contact brought on by overseas assignments in the business world, the movement of college students spending time in other countries, and increasing amounts of international travel among tourists. Others relate to social changes within any one large and complex nation: affirmative action, the movement of immigrants and refugees, bilingual education programs, and movement away from the goal that ethnic minorities become a part of a ‘melting pot.’ Therefore, it is essential that people research the cultures and communication conventions of those whom they propose to meet in the future. * affirmative action: 소수민족 차별 철폐 조치

① predictions of social changes in other countries

② necessity of understanding intercultural communication

③ importance of good educators in a multicultural nation

④ limitations of communication conventions across cultures

⑤ methods of intercultural communication in the business world

35.

A famous psychiatrist was leading a symposium on the methods of getting patients to open up about themselves. The psychiatrist challenged his colleagues with a boast: “I’ll bet that my technique will enable me to get a new patient to talk about the most private things during the first session without my having to ask a question.” What was his magic formula? Simply this: He began the session by revealing to the patient something personal about himself ― secrets with which the patient might damage the doctor by breaking the confidence. As he was ‘maskless,’ patients began to talk about their lives. They opened themselves up to him because he had become an open-minded person himself, and openness evoked openness. The same principle applies to all human relationships. If you dare to take the initiative in self-revelation, the other person is much more likely to reveal secrets to you.

① being frank with patients with serious illness

② opening up oneself to draw out the other person

③ need of confidentiality between doctors and patients

④ effects of a new treatment on psychological problems

⑤ rebuilding broken relationships between close acquaintances

36. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

The bar graph above shows the familiarity of the respondents with five prominent social media in 2007 and 2008. ① According to the graph, the social media that was the most familiar in 2007 was blogging. ② In the following year, social networking became the most familiar social media. ③ Video blogging, which was the least familiar social media in 2007, showed the biggest increase in familiarity among the three media that showed an increase from 2007 to 2008. ④ Wikis showed a bigger decrease in familiarity than podcasting from 2007 to 2008. ⑤ In 2008, podcasting and wikis were the least familiar social media.

37. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

During the early 1980s, a team of Italian scientists carried out a series of studies under a variety of circumstances on the ticklishness of people. The researchers found that people seem to have one foot that is more ticklish than the other ― and for most people it is the right. The experiment was repeated in 1998 using a special way that a pointed nylon rod was stroked across the bottom of the foot three times at intervals of a second. After applying it to thirty-four people, the researchers confirmed the original finding and pushed back the frontiers of knowledge still further by showing that males were more ticklish than females. One suggested explanation is that the left side of the brain, which detects stimuli applied to the right foot, is associated with positive emotions such as laughter.

① 1980년대 말에 이탈리아 과학자들이 간지럼에 대해 연구하였다.

② 양쪽 발이 똑같이 간지럼을 타는 것으로 나타났다.

③ 나일론 봉으로 무릎을 쓰다듬는 방식으로 실험이 재연되었다.

④ 여자가 남자보다 간지럼을 더 많이 타는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

⑤ 왼쪽 뇌가 긍정적 감정과 연관된다는 설명이 제시되었다.

38. Buffon에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Buffon was a famous zoologist and botanist during the reign of the French monarch Louis ⅩⅥ. Buffon stocked the park at Versailles with wild animals. He also expanded the botanical garden on the Left Bank in Paris. And with the confidence that goes with being a great collector, he began writing a comprehensive natural history of the world. In that work, Buffon expressed the biased opinion that native animals of the New World are smaller than those of Europe, that there are fewer species of animals in America, and that even domesticated species of European animals diminished in size and vigor upon crossing the Atlantic. Obviously, his opinions were not well-received and were severely criticized in America.

① Louis ⅩⅥ가 통치할 때의 동물학자이자 식물학자였다.

② Paris의 Left Bank에 있는 식물원을 확장했다.

③ 세계 자연사에 관한 글을 집필하기 시작했다.

④ America의 동물 종(種)이 Europe보다 많다는 견해를 표명했다.

⑤ 그의 견해들은 America에서 비판을 받았다.

[39～40] 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

39.

After an event, all one has are memories of it. Because most waits expect a desired outcome, it is the memory of the outcome that dominates, not the intermediate components. If the overall outcome is pleasurable enough, any unpleasantness suffered along the way is minimized. Terence Mitchell and Leigh Thompson call this ‘rosy retrospection.’ Mitchell and his colleagues studied participants in a 12-day tour of Europe, students going home for Thanksgiving vacation and a three-week bicycle tour across California. In all of these cases, the results were similar. Before an event, people looked forward with positive anticipation. Afterward, they remembered fondly. During? Well, reality seldom lives up to expectations, so plenty of things go wrong. As memory takes over, however, the unpleasantness fades and the good parts remain, perhaps to intensify, and even get amplified beyond reality.

① 여행과 축제는 인생을 풍요롭게 하는 촉매제이다.

② 현실을 도외시한 예측은 부정적인 결과를 초래한다.

③ 바람직한 결과를 기대하면 현실의 어려움은 최소화된다.

④ 결과가 좋으면 나쁜 기억은 최소화되고 좋은 기억은 강화된다.

⑤ 기쁨을 얻기 위해 겪는 고통은 미래를 위한 투자가 될 수 있다.

40.

Every day, it seems, we learn of an apology from a prominent figure in response to an indiscretion of some sort. Those in the public eye have an unfortunate tendency to apologize only after they have been found with a hand in the cookie jar. When this happens, it is only natural for a skeptical public to wonder, “Are they apologizing for their conduct, or simply because they were caught?” To make matters worse, the wrongdoer will often use the passive voice in his or her apology: “Mistakes were made,” rather than, “I made a mistake.” It is more comfortable to use the passive voice here, but doing so relinquishes any sense of personal responsibility. It is a non-apology and is not very meaningful. * relinquish: 저버리다

① 대중은 사회 문제에 민감하게 반응한다.

② 저명인사들은 자선 활동에 앞장서야 한다.

③ 대중은 지도자의 과실을 감시할 필요가 있다.

④ 저명인사는 실수를 저지르지 않도록 노력해야 한다.

⑤ 저명인사들의 책임 회피성 사과는 진정한 사과가 아니다.

[41～42] 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

41.

We can infer that there was prosperity in ancient Athens because this was a time that saw the planting of many olive trees. Since olive trees do not produce their fruits for about thirty years, their planting indicates that people were optimistic about the future. The growth in the export of olive oil also encouraged the development of pottery, in which the oil was transported. About 535 B.C. came the invention of red-figure vase painting. Now the whole surface of the vase was blackened, with figures picked out in the natural red. This allowed much more variety and realism. And the prosperity brought about by the international trade in olive oil spread to the peasants and it was their rituals, with choral song and mimic dancing, that formed the basis of early theater.

① Ancient Greece and Its Rich History

② What Olive Planting Brought to Athens

③ Olive Oil and Its Many Wondrous Uses

④ The Olive Tree: Key to Early Greek Theater

⑤ Ancient Athens: Center of International Trade

42.

Until recently, it was generally assumed that the first humans took a northerly route to leave the African continent, walking into the Middle East and then spreading out from there. However, mtDNA analysis now suggests the exodus may have proceeded via a more southerly route. In 2005, an international team of researchers announced that an isolated group living in Malaysia appeared to be the descendants of humans who left Africa around 65,000 years ago. According to the researchers, climatic change underway at the time would have made a southerly route easier. The genetic evidence suggests perhaps as few as several hundred individuals went first to India, then Southeast Asia and Australasia. If correct, this would explain why humans appear to have reached Australia around 50,000 years ago, while the oldest human remains in Europe ― a jawbone found in Romania ― are only around 35,000 years old.

* mtDNA: 미토콘드리아 DNA

① Out of Africa: Which Way?

② Are Asians the First Humans?

③ How Reliable is mtDNA Analysis?

④ Climatic Change in Ancient Africa

⑤ Genetic Evolution of Human Beings

43. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

Even worse than reaching a conclusion with just a little evidence is the fallacy of reaching a conclusion without any evidence at all. Sometimes people mistake a separate event for a cause-and-effect relationship.

(A) You therefore leap to the conclusion that the man in the black jacket has robbed the bank. However, such a leap tends to land far from the truth of the matter. You have absolutely no evidence ― only a suspicion based on coincidence. This is a post hoc fallacy.

(B) They see that ‘A’ happened before ‘B’, so they mistakenly assume that ‘A’ caused ‘B’. This is an error known in logic as a post hoc fallacy.

(C) For example, suppose you see a man in a black jacket hurry into a bank. You notice that he is nervously carrying his briefcase, and a few moments later you hear a siren.

① (A) - (B) - (C) ② (A) - (C) - (B) ③ (B) - (A) - (C)

④ (B) - (C) - (A) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

44. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

The clanhouse usually consists of a room adjoining the dwelling of the senior female member of the clan.

Hopi religion features a ritual calendar that includes a large number of annually required ceremonies. In most cases, each ceremony is ‘owned’ by the members of a certain clan. (①) Every clan represented in a village has a clanhouse in which the masks and other sacred items used in the ceremonies are kept when not in use. (②) This woman is in charge of storing ritual equipment and of seeing to it that they are treated with the proper respect. (③) There is also a male head of each clan whose duties likewise are partly religious because he is in charge of the performance of ceremonies owned by his clan. (④) A male clan head passes his position down to either his younger brother or his sister’s son. (⑤) In this way, culturally important ritual knowledge is kept within the clan. * clan: 씨족

45. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The information processing model emphasizes rational analysis for solving problems, with an emphasis on techniques for quickly arriving at a solution. Culturally, this orientation fits well with the kinds of mental attributes which are normally valued by contemporary Western societies. For example, Westerners tend to admire someone who is independent and quick-thinking. But these characteristics are not universally valued. Agricultural African societies, for example, valued looking at the problem in the context of the whole society, noting its impact on various features of life. In most situations, speed in arriving at a solution was not a vital issue. This is also found with the Cree and Ojibway in Canada. These groups historically lived in wilderness areas and faced many hardships; in these circumstances, they would rarely get a second chance at solving problems. Consequently, these Native people value taking time to reflect on a problem and mentally walk through possible solutions before any action is taken.

⇩

In modern Western societies, ____(A)____ is highly valued in problem-solving, whereas it is viewed differently in some non-Western societies due to their ____(B)____.

(A) (B) (A) (B)

① speed …… religious beliefs ② speed …… technical advances

③ speed …… cultural backgrounds ④ deliberation …… mental attributes

⑤ deliberation …… living conditions

[46～47] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

The other day an acquaintance of mine, a sociable and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly ‘alone’ in New York for an hour or two between appointments. He went to the Whitney Museum and spent the ‘empty’ time looking at things by himself. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone.

What had he been afraid of? I asked myself. That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet? But having taken the first step into this new world, he is now about to begin a new adventure; he is about to be launched into his own inner space, space as immense, unexplored, and sometimes frightening as outer space to the astronaut. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly __________. For anyone who can see things for himself with a naked eye becomes, for a moment or two, something of a genius. With another human being present vision becomes double vision, inevitably. We are busy wondering, what does my companion see or think of this, and what do I think of it? The original impact gets lost.

“Music I heard with you was more than music.” Exactly. And therefore music ‘itself’ can only be heard alone. Solitude is the salt of personhood. It brings out the authentic flavor of every experience.

46. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Finding Oneself through Solitude ② Coping with Loneliness in a City

③ The Path to Gaining Double Vision ④ An Unexpected Journey into Museums

⑤ Leisure vs. Work: Maintaining the Balance

47.위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① problematic ② confusing ③ original ④ universal ⑤ similar

[48～50] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A)

My grandmother’s kitchen was overflowing with food. She raised her daughters to keep an extra box and bottle unopened in the cupboard for every bottle and box that was in use. Although she died before I was born, I was raised by her eldest daughter to do this same thing. Absentminded as I am, I often find I have accumulated two or even three extras of anything in my house.

(B)

Befriending life is not always about having things your own way. Life is impermanent and full of broken eggs. But what is true of eggs is even more true of pain and loss and suffering. Certain things are too important to be wasted. When I was sixteen, just after the doctor came and informed me that I had a disease that no one knew how to cure, my mother had reminded me of this.

(C)

But this abundance did not mean that things were to be wasted. Everything was always used to the full. Even the tea bags were used twice. There is a family story told about my grandmother’s refrigerator. Her refrigerator was always full to the very edges and every shelf was put to use. Occasionally when someone, usually a child, opened it without sufficient caution, an egg would fall out and break on the kitchen floor. My grandmother’s response was always the same. She would look at the broken egg with satisfaction. “Aha,” she would say, “today we have a sponge cake!”

(D)

I had turned toward her in shock, but she did not cuddle or soothe. Instead she reached out and took me by the hand. “We will make a sponge cake,” she told me firmly. It has taken many years to find the recipe, the one that is my own, but I knew in that moment that this was what I needed to do. * cuddle: 꼭 껴안다

48. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B) - (D) - (C) ② (C) - (B) - (D) ③ (C) - (D) - (B)

④ (D) - (B) - (C) ⑤ (D) - (C) - (B)

49. 주어진 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

① 나는 할머니가 돌아가신 후에 태어났다.

② 의사는 내가 불치병에 걸렸다고 알려 주었다.

③ 할머니의 냉장고는 항상 가득 차 있었다.

④ 할머니는 깨진 계란을 불만스럽게 바라보곤 하셨다.

⑤ 어머니가 손을 내밀어 나의 손을 잡아 주셨다.

50. 주어진 글의 밑줄 친 “We will make a sponge cake”의 문맥상 의미로 가장 적절한 것은?

① 매사에 신중하고 침착하게 행동하자.

② 건강한 신체는 행복한 삶의 원천이다.

③ 화목한 가정 생활은 무엇보다 소중하다.

④ 어려움을 긍정적으로 수용하고 극복하자.

⑤ 성격이 원만해야 타인과의 충돌을 피할 수 있다.

[49～50] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

Serafina Vinon, a seventy-six-year-old woman from the Italian Alps, still gets up at five in the morning to milk her cows. Afterward she cooks a huge breakfast, cleans the house, and depending on the weather and time of year, either takes the herd to the meadow, tends the orchard, or cards some wool. In summer she spends weeks on the high pastures cutting hay and then carries huge piles of it on her head the several miles down to the barn. She could reach the barn in half the time if she took a direct route, but she prefers following invisible winding trails to save the slopes from erosion.

When Serafina was asked what she enjoys doing most in life, she had no trouble answering: milking the cows, taking them to the pasture, tending the orchard, carding wool. In effect what she enjoys most is what she has been doing for a living all along. In her own words, “It gives me a great satisfaction to be outdoors, to talk with people, and to be with my animals. I talk to everybody―plants, birds, flowers, and animals. Everything in nature keeps you company; you see nature progress every day.”

When she was asked what she would do if she had all the time and money in the world, Serafina laughed―and repeated the same list of activities. It is not that Serafina is ignorant of the alternatives offered by urban life. She watches television occasionally and reads newsmagazines. But their more fashionable and modern way of life does not attract Serafina; she is ________________ the role she plays in the universe.

* card: (양털 등을) 빗질하여 다듬다

49. 위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① content with ② congratulated for

③ independent of ④ unsure of

⑤ surprised by

50. Serafina에 관한 위 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

① 우유를 짜기 전에 간단한 아침 식사를 준비한다.

② 여름에 목초지에서 건초를 베어 수레로 운반한다.

③ 사람들과 대화하는 것을 좋아하지 않는다.

④ 돈이 많이 생겨도 평소 하던 일을 계속할 생각이다.

⑤ TV를 보지 않고 잡지도 읽지 않는다.