isolation과 quarantine의 차이
어떤 질병이 퍼졌을 때, 그 질병의 확산을 막기위해
아픈 개인을 사회로부터 분리시키는 것이 isolation. Isolation은 라틴어에서 기원된 단어인데, 옛날에는 병이 있는 사람들을 고립된 섬에 보냈기 때문에, 여기서 유래되었다고함.
반면, quarantine은 건강한 개인이지만 질병에 노출 됐을 수도 있어서 감염여부를 결정하기 위해 이동을 제약하고 분리 시킴을 지칭. qurantine은 프랑스어 ‘40’ ‘40일 기간’을 나타내는 단어에서 유래. 예수님의 40일 광야 금식에서 유래했다고도 하는데, 17세기경 영국에서는 배가 항구에 도착해서도 항구도시를 감염질병으로부터 보호하기 위해, 배의 잠재적 질병 감염 여부 확인을 위해 40일간 배를 항구에 격리시켰다고함.
When discussing the spread of disease, isolation refers to separating sick individuals from society in order to contain the spread of the illness.
Quarantine refers to separating and restricting the movements of healthy individuals who may have been exposed to an illness to determine whether they are sick (and would require "isolation").
Isolation has roots in the Latin word for "island," and quarantine has origins in the French for "forty" or "a forty day period."
1. The Origin of 'Isolation'
The first permanent hospital for treating plague victims was established in Venice in 1423 on a nearby island called Santa Maria di Nazaret. The hospital was initially referred to as nazaretto, a term based on the name of a biblical location for which the island was named, Nazareth, that was then blended with the biblical name Lazarus to become lazaretto, meaning “a hospital for those with contagious diseases.” Lazzaro (based on Lazarus) was the Italian term for “leper.”
The hospital’s location on an island is a vivid and relevant example of the root of the word isolation, which ultimately derives from the Latin word insula, meaning “island.” The word’s path from Latin to English also begins in Italian, with the word isolato (“isolated”), that became the French word isolé, and then moved into English. Early uses of the term in English were spelled in the French manner with a conventional English modifier marker d as isolé’d before it settled as the spelling isolated.
The reason the lazaretto was on an island was to isolate the patients; etymologically, the word isolated means islanded.
2. The Origin of 'Quarantine'
The intersection of Italian and French influences also contributed to the introduction of the word quarantine in English. Initially, the French word quarantaine (“about forty”) was borrowed in the late 1400s with the meaning “a period of forty days,” yet another biblical reference, originally referring to the period of time Jesus spent fasting in the desert. It came to have a broader application to a period of forty days that had religious significance, such as penance, or the delay of implementation of a legal agreement. Then, in the early 1600s, the meaning “isolation of a ship to protect the port city from potential disease” began to be used in English, from the Italian word quarantena, which had been used in this way since the 14th century. Since the French form of this cognate word was already in use (indeed, a variant form was the more French-looking quarantain), the new “isolation as protection from disease” sense became a new use of the existing word quarantine. It was now an English word based on French spelling with an Italian definition and Latin roots.
3. The current use by medical professionals distinguishes isolation and quarantine in exactly the way that the terms were originally created: the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services indicates that:
* Isolation is used to separate ill persons who have a communicable disease from those who are healthy.
*Quarantine is used to separate and restrict the movement of well persons who may have been exposed to a communicable disease to see if they become ill.