7. Escapist—Never
He is no fugitive—escaped, escaping,
No one has seen him stumble looking back,
His fear is not behind him but beside him
On either hand to make his course perhaps
A crooked straightness yet no less a straightness.
He runs face forward. He is a pursuer,
He seeks a seeker who in his turn seeks
Another still, lost far into the distance.
Any who seek him seek in him the seeker.
His life is a pursuit of a pursuit forever.
It is the future that creates his present.
He is an interminable chain of longing.
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도피주의자―천만에
그는 도피했거나, 도피하는 도망자가 아니다―
아무도 그가 뒤를 보며 주춤거리는 것을 본 적이 없다.
그는 자신의 행로(行路)를 어쩌면 굽은 직선이면서도
그야말로 곧은 직선으로 만들기 위해서
그의 뒤가 아니라 좌우 측면을 걱정한다.
그는 앞을 보고 달린다. 그는 추적자다.
그는 탐구자를 찾고 그 탐구자는 차례로
멀리 사라진, 또 다른 탐구자를 찾는다.
그의 탐구자는 그의 탐구심을 탐구한다.
그의 삶은 언제나 추적의 추적이다.
그의 현재를 창조하는 것은 미래다.
모든 것은 끝없는 열망의 사슬이다.
-신재실 옮김-
단상(斷想): 프로스트는 이렇게 말한 적이 있다. “나는 스스로 도피주의자라고 생각하는지 질문을 받은 적이 있습니다. 글쎄요, 사람은 나무에 올라가면서도 여전히 도피주의자가 아닐 수 있습니다. 그는 무엇인가를 따기 위해서 그곳에 올라갈 수 있습니다"
이 시는 프로스트가 현대 세계의 딜레마를 외면하고 중요한 쟁점들에 대한 입장을 밝히기를 거부한다고 비판하는 사람들에게 보내는 그의 대답이다. 그는 과거의 실패를 돌아보지 않고, 앞을 보고 달린다고 항변한다. 그의 행로가 조금은 “굽은”것일지라도 “그야말로 곧은 직선”이 되도록 항상 좌우 측면을 살핀다고 한다. 불가피하게 갈지자걸음을 걷거나 에돌아 갈 수도 있지만, 그는 용기와 조건이 허락하는 한 똑바로 전진에 전진을 거듭한다.
그는 그의 앞에서 달려가는 인물들의 추적자가 되고, 앞의 탐구자 역시 차례로 더 앞의 탐구자를 탐구한다고 말한다. 그렇게 인간은 미래의 꿈을 좇아서 탐색에 탐색을 하지만, 그것은 손에 잡힐 듯 잡히지 않는다. 그러기에 인간의 탐색은 영원히 계속될 수밖에 없다.
하지만 꿈을 추구하는 “열망”만이 인간의 삶에 의미를 주기 때문에, 인간의 “현재를 창조하는 것은 미래다.” 인류의 역사는 “끝없는 열망의 사슬이다.” 그러므로 개인의 생존은 전진에 전진을 거듭하는 인류의 꿈과 연관된다. “굽은 직선”으로 이어지는 꿈과 열망의 사슬에서 벗어나 것은 죽음이나 다름없다. 개인이건 인류건, 꿈과 열망은 존재와 삶의 이유이기 때문이다.
-신재실 씀-
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youtu.be/jtGmOcOBaro
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“Escapist—Never” (1962)
This poem, significantly written late in Frost’s
career, passionately depicts a character, a kind of
everyman, who is not intent on “escape,” who is
“no fugitive” on the run, and who, while he “runs
face forward,” runs not out of fear or a desire to be
free but because he must, as must we all.
The “pursuer” is a man who never looks back.
He seems to be simultaneously in his future and in
his past, as is time itself, which Leonardo DaVinci
once compared to a moving stream in which one
can touch the last of what has just been and the
first of what is to come. The man in Frost’s poem
welcomes both, because he knows that they
“creat[e] his present.” The only fear he has is of
what is on either side of him, for they are the here
and now, the very present.
A similar attitude is expressed in “Carpe Diem,”
where the poet questions whether it is good to seize
the day after all and whether life is more lived in
the future or in the past than it can be in the pres
ent. In that poem the present is “too much for the
senses, / Too crowding, too confusing— / Too pres
ent to imagine.” That is, the present overwhelms, it
is more than we can handle, so the poet proposes
that it is not until we have some distance from
experience that we can begin to “imagine” and
make the most of our experiences.
In “Escapist—Never” the man lives willfully in
the present but never stops striving, moving cease
lessly into the future. The “interminable chain of
longing” suggests that while he may be in the pres
ent, he is always connected to and heading toward
the future. That is, though the saying is “live for
the moment,” living in the moment means always
to be longing for something hoped for in the future
or something lost in the past. As such, this speaker
is relentlessly in pursuit; he never looks back, so his
past is not longed for, as it is in “Carpe Diem.”
With the absence of longing for the past comes the
absence of regret.
The “interminable chain” does not only include
the man, however; it is a chain of all those who
pursue, linking their way from past to future selves
and others throughout all human history. What
they seek, of course, is both themselves and each
other: “He seeks a seeker who in his turn seeks /
Another still.” This is notable, since Frost seems to
be saying something not just about time but about
our lives in general. Just as we have an unavoidable
connection to the future, we seem to have the same
infinite connections to other people. One life alone
connects to so many others and should be viewed
holistically.
The poem represents humanity at its best, where
“life is a pursuit of a pursuit forever” and all days
are seized. There is the vastness of time, and Frost
claims that the desires and wills of humans are suf
ficient to keep up with it, to handle it. The vastness
of time does not become an enemy; on the con
trary, it seems to provide a playing field for the
human spirit; in this sense the title of the poem can
be seen as an anthem not only for humanity in gen
eral but also for Frost himself. “Escapist—Never” is
a statement, not a question. As such, and with the
dash separating the two words, it seems to be a per
sonal statement that Frost couches in less-than
personal terms.
The poem expresses, as the best poetry can, the
inexpressible—the inchoate loneliness of every
human being, even while living among the many.
The chain is, as is the pursuit, unending.
The poem was appropriately collected in Frost’s
final volume, In the Clearing, but was first published
in a 1962 issue of the Massachusetts Review. See
FUGITIVE.
FURTHER READING
Lynen, John F. The Pastoral Art of Robert Frost. New
Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1960,
174–182.