SPEAKING LEVEL UP (2008-12) (4회)

[charliek]

PBS 표현 정리 (4/4, DECEMBER, 2008)                                                   INSTRUCTOR KIM SOO-YEON

1. 코카 콜라에 대한 환영 분위기가 그리 뜨겁지 않았다: Coca-Cola's welcome has been ~

2. 이 물을 공장에 있는 여러 우물에서 뽑기도 하지만 코카콜라사가 이웃 농사짓는 사람들과 공동으로 사용하는 지하대수층에서도 뽑는다: It is drawn from ~

3. 이 물은 사실 모든 사용자들에게 무료이다: The water is ~

4. 수위가 매년 1피트 가량씩 내려가고 있었다: the water level was ~

5. 매일 천 대의 차량이 그 공장에서 나와서 우리 물을 가져간다: Every day, a thousand vehicles come ~

6. 이들은 이제 더 깊이 파야 하고 더 강력한 펌프를 이용해야 들에 물을 댈 수 있다: they must now drill ~

7. 이들의 주장이 시민 단체에 의해서 채택되었다: Their cause was ~

8. 공동 수자원을 훔쳐갈 수 있는 권리는 어떤 기업도 갖고 있지 않다: no company has ~

9. 어떤 기업도 우리의 생계 수단인 우리의 땅을 침범할 수 있는 권리가 없다: No company has the right ~

10. 이 농부들은 국제적인 운동 단체의 관심도 끌게 되었다: The farmers also got ~

11. 시민 단체들은 상당히 효과적이었으며 전 세계의 반 세계화 단체 및 환경 녹색 단체들의 힘도 이용해 왔다: Activist groups have been quite effective and ~

12. 이들은 코카콜라사를 국제적으로 수세에 몰리게 하는데 그럭저럭 성공했다: they managed to ~

13. 그 금지 조치가 그 다음에 해제되었다: the ban was ~

14. 코카콜라사는 인도에서의 일부 사업 활동에 대해 독립적인 제3자의 평가를 받기로 동의했다: Coca-Cola agreed to ~

15. 이 단체는 그 회사가 물을 그 지역 밖에서 들여오거나 공장을 폐쇄할 것을 권고했다: It recommended that the company ~

16. 코카콜라가 한 공장에 굴복하게 되면 연쇄적인 효과가 있을 가능성이 확실하다: Clearly, if Coke were to give ~

17. 그래서 나는 코카콜라가 계속 버틸 것이라고 생각한다: So I suspect Coke will ~

4. Indian Farmers, Coca-Cola Vie for Scarce Water Supply  

In the Indian state of Rajasthsan, farmers have accused Coca-Cola factories of drawing too heavily on the area's water supplies and contributing to pollution. Fred de Sam Lazaro reports on the controversy and the claims of both the company and its critics. 

GWEN IFILL: Next, the battle between Coca-Cola and farmers over the shrinking supply of available water in India. NewsHour special correspondent Fred de Sam Lazaro has our report from the state of Rajasthan.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO, NewsHour Correspondent: This is one of 49 factories that make Coca-Cola drinks across India. The company has invested over $1 billion dollars building a market for its products in this country, but Coca-Cola's welcome has been less than effervescent, particularly around this factory in Kala Dera, in the arid and recently drought-stricken state of Rajasthan.

The plant used about 900,000 liters of water last year, about a third of it for the soft drinks, the rest to clean bottles and machinery. It is drawn from wells at the plant but also from aquifers Coca-Cola shares with neighboring farmers. The water is virtually free to all users.

These farmers say their problems began after the Coca-Cola factory arrived in 1999.

RAMESHWAR PRASAD, Farmer (through translator): Before, the water level was descending by about one foot per year. Now it's 10 feet every year. We have a 3.5-horsepower motor. We cannot cope. They have a 50-horsepower pump.

RAM SAPAT, Farmer (through translator): Every day, a thousand vehicles come out of that factory taking away our water. What is left for our kids?

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: To irrigate their fields of barley, millet and peanuts, these growers complain they must now drill deeper and use heftier pumps to water their fields.

MANGAL CHAND YADAV, Farmer (through translator): I've had to drill three times. It's down to 260 feet. Five years ago, it was 180 feet.

HARI MICHAN YOGI, Farmer (through translator): It's because everyone has a submersible pump now, the Coca-Cola factory. There's not enough rain. These are the reasons.

Environmentalists' claims

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Their cause was picked up by activists, like Rajendra Singh. He has worked across the region helping villagers conserve and collect rainwater through traditional methods.

RAJENDRA SINGH, Water Activist (through translator): Exploitation, pollution, encroachment, Coca-Cola is doing all three. That's why I say that no company has the right to steal the common water resource. No company has the right to pollute water that is our life. No company has the right to encroach on our land that is our livelihood. Coca-Cola is doing all three.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: The farmers also got the attention of international activists, according to Siddharth Varadarajan, an editor with the newspaper The Hindu.

SIDDHARTH VARADARAJAN, Newspaper Editor: Activist groups have been quite effective and have managed to tap into anti-globalization and environmental and green groups across the world and have, you know, therefore, I think, managed to put Coke on the defensive internationally, to a much greater extent than has happened within India.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: In 2005, when the University of Michigan banned Coke products, the company responded, and the ban was then lifted.

Coca-Cola agreed to an independent third-party assessment of some of its operations in India. That report determined that this plant in Rajasthan is contributing to a worsening water situation. It recommended that the company bring water in from outside the area or shut the factory down. Coca-Cola rejected that recommendation.

Already in 2004, Coca-Cola shut down one factory in south India amid a similar controversy. Its response now doesn't surprise Varadarajan.

SIDDHARTH VARADARAJAN: Clearly, if Coke were to give in one factory, as other communities essentially look at the experience of Rajasthan, it's quite likely that there would be a cascading effect. So I suspect Coke will dig its heels in.

The company's viewpoint

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: For his part, Coca-Cola's India head, Atul Singh, says it would be irresponsible to leave.

ATUL SINGH, President, Coca-Cola India: You know, walking away is the easiest thing we can do. That's not going to help that community build sustainability.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: So Coca-Cola, while insisting its impact on the water supply was minimal, said it would stay and help.

The company has agreed to subsidize one-third of the cost of water-efficient drip irrigation systems for 15 neighboring farmers. The government pays most of the rest; growers themselves must chip in 10 percent.

Coca-Cola has also set up concrete collection systems for rainwater. Typically about 70 percent of rainfall evaporates before it can seep into the ground. Water collected from rooftops is piped into shafts up to 150 feet deep. Despite drought conditions, the system has been a success, according to company spokesman Kalyan Ranjan.

KALYAN RANJAN, Coca-Cola Spokesman: We have still managed to recharge banks than what we withdraw, so what we see ourselves is we are part of a problem-solving mechanism rather than a problem in ourselves.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Are you saying you're putting back more water than you're taking?

KALYAN RANJAN: In Kala Dera, yes. In Kala Dera, yes.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: The scientist who conducted the independent study of Coca-Cola's operations is not ready to accept that claim. Dr. Leena Srivastava is with the Delhi-based Energy and Resources Institute.

LEENA SRIVASTAVA, Scientist: We haven't been able to prove that. And it's too short a timeframe to start talking about whether groundwater aquifers have been recharged in six months. I think we really have to wait and watch and see what the impact is.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: And farmers and activists, like Rajendra Singh, remain skeptical.

RAJENDRA SINGH (through translator): They have an arrogance that says, "We have money; we can buy what we want."

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: They also are critical of the government locally for attracting Coca-Cola to a water-scarce region and nationally for ignoring water policy in a rush to attract industry and foreign investment. Editor Varadarajan says they have a point.

SIDDHARTH VARADARAJAN: India has a completely irrational groundwater management policy, where, if you have the means and the resources, you can extract as much groundwater as you like and you can use this water which you essentially pump up for free -- it's unmetered -- to manufacture products which you can sell for a high price, whether it's bottled water, whether it's a beverage, whether it's industry.

And, you know, this is something which the Indian policymakers have simply not bothered to formulate a cohesive strategy to deal with.

1. 오늘은 그냥 알아서 로울리네 집으로 가야 했을 것 같다.

2. 로드릭 형의 밴드는 정말 형편없다.

3. 그 밴드가 연습을 하고 있을 때는 집에서 도저히 견딜 수가 없다.

4. 그 밴드 이름은 “똥 싼 기저귀”인데 형이 타는 밴에는 “똥 산 기저기”라고 철자가 되어 있다.

5. 형한테 “똥 싼 기저귀”의 철자가 어떻게 해야 맞는지 말하면 형은 아마 기절초풍할 것이라고 장담한다.

6. 형이 밴드 하겠다고 했을 때 아빠는 반대 하셨지만 엄마는 쌍수를 들고 찬성하셨다.

7. 형한테 처음으로 드럼 세트를 사 준 것도 엄마였다.

8. 아빠는 헤비 메탈을 아주 싫어하시는데 형과 밴드가 연주하는 것이 바로 그런 음악이다.

9. 엄마에게 음악은 모두 똑 같은 것이다.

10. 그것이 형을 몹시 거슬렸다.

11. 그는 차를 몰고 휭 가더니 상점에 가서 15분 후에 헤드폰을 사들고 돌아왔다.

12. 그렇게 해서 그 문제는 대충 정리되었다. .

오늘은 누가 시키지 않아도 (알아서) 로울리네 집으로 가야 할 것 같다. 왜냐하면 로드릭 형이 자기 밴드부원들과 밑에 지하실에서 연습을 하고 있었기 때문이다.

로드릭 형의 밴드는 정말 최악이라서 그 밴드가 연습을 하고 있을 때는 집에서 도저히 견딜 수가 없다.

그 밴드 이름은 “똥 싼 기저귀”인데 형이 타는 밴에는 “똥 산 기저기”라고 철자가 되어 있다.

혹시 멋있어 보이려고 그런 식으로 철자를 해놨을 것이라고 생각할지도 모르겠지만 형한테 “똥 싼 기저귀”의 철자가 어떻게 해야 맞는지 말하면 형은 아마 기절초풍할 것이라고 장담한다.

형이 밴드 하겠다고 했을 때 아빠는 반대하셨지만 엄마는 쌍수를 들고 찬성하셨다.

형한테 처음으로 드럼 세트를 사 준 것도 엄마였다.

엄마는 우리 모두 악기를 배운 다음에 TV에서 보는 것 같은 가족 밴드가 되겠다는 그런 생각을 갖고 있지 않았나 생각한다.

아빠는 헤비 메탈을 아주 싫어하시는데 형과 밴드가 연주하는 것이 바로 그런 음악이다. 형이 무슨 음악을 연주하는지 혹은 듣는지 엄마가 별로 신경을 쓰지 않는다고 나는 생각하는데, 왜냐하면 엄마에게 음악은 모두 똑 같은 것이기 때문이다. 사실은 오늘, 형이 거실에서 자기 CD 하나를 듣고 있는데 엄마가 들어오시더니 춤을 추기 시작했다.

그것이 형을 귀찮게 했는지 차를 몰고 휭 가더니 상점에 가서 15분 후에 헤드폰을 사들고 돌아왔다. 그렇게 해서 문제는 해결되었다.

Today, I probably would have gone up to Rowley’s on my own anyway, because my brother Rodrick and his band were practicing down in the basement.

Rodrick’s band is Really awful, and I can’t stand being home when they’re having rehearsals.

His band is called “Loaded Diaper”, only it’s spelled “Loded Diper” on Rodrick’s van.

You might think he spelled it that way to make it look cooler, but I bet if you told Rodrick how “Loaded Diaper” is really spelt, it would news to him.

Dad was against the idea of Rodrick starting a band, but Mom was all for it.

She’s the one who bought Rodrick his first drum set.

I think Mom has this idea that we’re all going to learn to play instruments and then become one of those family bands like you see on TV.

Dad really hates heavy metal, and that’s the kind of music Rodrick and his band play. I don’t think Mom really cares what Rodrick plays or listens to, because to her, all music is the same. In fact, earlier today, Rodrick was listening to one of his CDs in the family room, and Mom came in and started dancing.

That really bugged Rodrick, so he drove off to the store and came back fifteen minutes later with some headphones. And that pretty much took care of the problem.

Woman is reluctant benchmark for co-worker losing weight

QUESTION: I need some advice on how to handle a delicate situation at work because it's starting to get to me.

One of my co-workers, " Vicki,"  is overweight. She has been dieting and having some success with it. I support her efforts and am happy for her. However, she constantly makes comments to and about me. I often hear her comparing our looks, and I have heard her saying that we wear the same size. Abby, we don't.

As with many women, I struggle to maintain a positive body image. Vicki's constant comparisons are now shaking my confidence. It is the persistence of her remarks that is getting to me. I don't understand why she feels it is appropriate to comment on my body, size or looks. I didn't ask to be used as a benchmark for her weight loss. Should I say something or keep quiet?

ANSWER: Vicki envies and admires your looks. Like it or not, you are her " role model."  She is also in denial about the way she actually looks. Because her constant comments bother you to the extent they do, you should definitely tell her she is making you self-conscious and ask her to stop. And if she doesn't comply, ask your boss to get the message across to her that her behavior is inappropriate.

QUESTION: My mother-in-law is insisting that she have my 8-month-old daughter " Mallory's"  ears pierced. I am refusing. I do not want Mallory to be uncomfortable during the procedure or afterward. I have enough to worry about without adding fears of infected earlobes or my little one choking on jewelry parts. Mallory is just a baby -- MY baby.

My mother-in-law says she will " slip off"  and have Mallory's ears pierced and I won't be able to do anything about it. Furthermore, when I said I didn't feel it was necessary to explain why I was against the idea, my father-in-law stood up and told me to get out of his house. I took Mallory and left.

Two weeks later, they called my husband and asked to baby-sit. They have never apologized. I'm afraid they will pierce my baby's ears if she's left alone with them. What do I do?

ANSWER: I'll tell you what you DON'T do -- you do not allow your in-laws to baby-sit your daughter until you are absolutely sure your wishes about her care will be followed.

QUESTION: For the past 10 years I have put up with my husband's manipulative ex-wife. I am tired of her using their boys as a way to get my husband to do things. Don't get me wrong -- I know my husband " has"  to do things for his boys. But there are times when she could manage for herself without him.

This woman still keeps their wedding picture on her fireplace. My question is: Do you think she is still in love with him?

ANSWER: Whether your husband's ex-wife is still in love with him should be of no concern to you -- as long as he is not still in love with her. She may keep the wedding picture on her mantle for the sake of her sons, as proof that at one time she was actually a size 6, or even that she was once loved by someone.

You have nothing to gain -- and a great deal to lose -- by harboring resentment against her. She will always be a part of your lives because she is your stepsons' mother, and she will be a grandmother to their children. If you are wise, you'll accept it, not obsess and move on.

QUESTION: 저를 괴롭히기 시작한 직장에서의 민감한 상황을 어떻게 해결해야 할지 조언을 얻고 싶어요.

제 동료 중 한 명인 비키는 비만이에요. 다이어트를 하고 있는데 꽤 성공적인 것 같고요. 전 비키의 노력을 응원하고 기뻐요. 하지만 자꾸 저에게 그리고 저에 대해서 이런 저런 말을 해요. 자주 본인과 외모를 비교하고, 저희가 같은 사이즈를 입는다는 얘기를 하는 것도 들었어요. 저희는 사이즈가 같지 않거든요.

다른 많은 여자들이 그렇듯이, 저는 저의 몸에 대해 긍정적인 생각을 가지려고 노력해요. 하지만 비키의 끊임없는 비교가 이제 제 자신감을 뒤흔들고 있어요. 비키가 너무 끈질겨서 괴로워요. 제 몸이나 사이즈, 또는 외모를 지적하는 게 당연하다고 느끼는 것이 이해가 안 가요. 전 체중 감량을 하는 그녀의 기준이 되고 싶다고 한 적은 없어요. 뭐라고 말을 해야 할까요, 아니면 가만히 있어야 할까요?

ANSWER: 비키는 당신의 외모를 부러워하고 동경하는 거에요. 좋든 싫든, 당신이 비키의 "역할 모델"인 거죠. 비키는 본인의 본 모습을 부인하는 상태이기도 해요. 끊임없는 비키의 지적이 그 정도로 당신을 괴롭힌다면, 당신을 불편하게 만드니 그만하라고 확실하게 얘기해야 해요. 만일 비키가 응하지 않는다면, 상사에게 그녀의 행동이 부적절하다는 것을 알게 해달라고 부탁하세요.

QUESTION: 시어머니는 8개월 된 제 딸 맬로리의 귀를 뚫어야 한다고 고집하고 있어요. 저는 반대하고 있고요. 맬로리가 귀를 뚫는 중 혹은 그 후에 불편해 하는 것을 원치 않아요 제 아이의 귓불에 염증이 생기거나 아이가 액세서리 조각에 질식하지는 않을까 걱정할 일 말고도 제게는 충분히 걱정거리가 많아요. 맬로리는 아직 갓난 아기일 뿐이에요. 그리고 저의 아이이구요.

시어머니는 맬로리를 몰래 데리고 가서 귀를 뚫을 거고 내가 어떻게 할 도리가 없을 거라고 말씀하세요. 게다가, 제가 반대하는 이유를 굳이 설명할 필요가 없을 것 같다고 말씀 드리자 시아버지께서 일어서시며 제게 당신 집에서 나가라고 하셨어요. 그래서 저는 맬로리를 데리고 그 집을 나왔어요.

2주 후, 시부모님께서 남편에게 전화해 아이를 봐주고 싶다는 말씀을 하셨어요 두 분은 절대 사과하지 않으셨죠. 제 아이가 두 분과 함께 남겨질 때 제 아기의 귀를 뚫을 까봐 두려워요. 어떡해야 할까요?

ANSWER: 부인이 하지 말아야 하는 일을 알려 드릴게요. 딸을 보호하려는 부인의 바람이 지켜지리라고 전적으로 확신할 때까지는 시부모님께 딸을 맡기지 마세요.

QUESTION: 지난 10년 동안 저는 남편의 교묘한 전처에 대해서 참아왔어요. 전 그 여자가 아들들을 이용해 제 남편에게 이런 저런 일을 시키는 것에 질렸어요. 오해는 하지 마세요. 남편이 자신의 아이들을 위해 무언가를 "해야 한다"는 것은 알아요. 하지만 남편 없이 그녀가 해결할 수 있는 일도 있잖아요

전처는 아직도 맨틀에 그들의 결혼 사진을 보관하고 있어요. 제 질문은 아직도 그녀가 남편을 사랑한다고 생각하시느냐는 거예요.

ANSWER: 남편이 전처를 사랑하지 않는 한, 전처가 남편을 사랑하고 말고는 부인이 신경 쓸 일이 아니에요. 전처는 그녀의 아들들을 위해 맨틀 위에 결혼 사진을 놓은 것일 수도 있어요. 한때는 6 사이즈였다거나 누군가에게 사랑을 받았었다는 것의 증거로요.

전처에 대한 증오심을 가슴에 품는다고 부인이 얻을 수 있는 건 없어요. 잃을 것은 많죠. 의붓아들들의 어머니이기 때문에, 그리고 그들의 아이의 할머니가 될 것이기 때문에 그녀는 언제나 당신의 삶의 일부가 될 수밖에 없어요. 부인께서 현명하시다면, 이런 사실을 인정하고, 집착하지 말고 앞으로 나아가야 해요.