상품DB//인도네시아 웨이스트 플라스틱 시장동향(2014.11)//플라스틱의 웨이스트(waste)ㆍ페어링(paring)ㆍ스크랩(scrap)

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c제목	인도네시아 웨이스트 플라스틱 시장동향(2014.11)
게시일	2016-03-24	국가	인도네시아	작성자	김주선(자카르타무역관)
품목	플라스틱의 웨이스트(waste)ㆍ페어링(paring)ㆍ스크랩(scrap)
품목코드	3915
작성일자: 2014.11.28 작성자: 자카르타 무역관 Kim Eun Hee(ehkim@kotra.or.kr), Ruth Duhita(ruth@kotra.or.id) 1. Plastic Market in Indonesia  ○ Nowadays, plastic is still one of the main materials of making a variety of goods/equipment in addition to iron, wood, and paper. Plastic is assessed to have several advantages over other materials because it is more lightweight, practical, durable, and waterproof so making it as the choice of many consumers.  ○ Plastic consumption per capita in Indonesia, which is still around 10㎏/capita/year, is relatively low compared to other ASEAN countries like Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand that are above 40㎏/capita/year. Potential increase in demand for plastics in Indonesia is still quite large. The need for national plastic products is around 4.6 million tons per year with an average growth of 5% per year.  ○ Plastics processing industry as a petrochemical downstream industry produces kinds of plastic products which are vary from several types of raw materials. Based on the type of products, the largest portion of the plastics processing industry is for plastic packaging (40%).  ○ Plastic packaging demand is mainly driven by the growth of plastic users’ industries, especially food and beverage industry (60%) and other fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industries. Fairly large plastic users’ industries are component industry (automotive and electricity/electronics), construction (building profiles, pipes, cables), and household appliances. Plastic Consumption by Products  ○ It is recorded that in 2013, the domestic plastic demands reached 1.9 million tons, an increase of 22.58% from 2012, which was 1.55 million tons. The demands are predicted to increase continuously every year.  ○ Meanwhile, of the total demand in the country, around 794 thousand tons were supplied by imports and the increased demands for plastic each year makes the import figures are also raising. According to Indonesian Statistics Agency (BPS), the importation of plastics and plastic products for 2013 rose 11.7% year-on-year to US$ 2.48 billion. As for imports in the previous year in 2012 total valued at US$ 2.22 billion.  ○ Raw materials contribute for most (> 50%) of plastics industry production structure. There are several types of raw materials used in the plastics industry, including polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephtalate (PET), where the majority of plastic raw materials in Indonesia is based on the processing of petroleum naphtha. Based on the composition of its use, polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) dominate about 63% of plastic raw materials. Demand for plastic raw materials in the country is increasing with the growth of plastics industry.  ○ Petrochemical industries that produce raw materials for the plastics industry Indonesia was started 30 years ago and at that time Indonesia was the largest among ASEAN countries. However, since 1995 to date, there is no significant additional capacity accordingly Indonesia is far behind compare other countries in the ASEAN region. Currently the capacity of Indonesian petrochemical products amounted to only 3,900,000 tons; while Malaysia by 4,000,000 tons, Singapore by 9.8 million tons, and Thailand by 12.1 million tons per year.  ○ Domestic demand of petrochemical products reached 4.3 million tons per year. While in terms of production capacity, Indonesia only has a capacity of approximately 3.9 million tons per year. Now, Indonesia is the largest consumers among afore mentioned above countries with a total requirement of 4.3 million tons per year so that products of those countries flooded in Indonesia. Several types of petrochemical products that still under-supplied are such as ethylene, propylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polymers.  ○ In 2013 imports of petrochemical products accounted for 4.1% of the total imports value of Indonesia. For polypropylene, total imports reached 0.62 million tons with a value of US$ 943.14 million. As for polyethylene, total imports reached 0.68 million tons with a value of US$ 1.05 billion. Of 23.4% imports of polypropylene and 28.8% imports of polyethylene come from Thailand. 2. Polypropylene (PP) Resin  ○ Polypropylene (PP) resin is a midstream petrochemical product, a derivative of olefin produced through polymerization of propylene. Propylene itself is produced from naphtha or natural gas through cracking process.  ○ PP is used as feedstock for various plastic products with different characteristics by the process of crystallization, purity, inflexibility and melting points.  ○ There are wide ranging products that can be produced from PP that some of the products could serve as substitutes of other polymer products such as polyethylene (PE) and timber, natural fibers and certain metals.  ○ PP consists of three types - Propylene homopolymer, Random copolymer (propylene-ethylene) and Random polymer (propylene-ethylene-butene).  ○ PP copolymer is formed from propylene with the addition of other monomer in small quantity (ethylene 1%-7%). This type of PP is tough used generally as feedstock for durable goods like electrical equipment, household equipment and car bodies. It is also used in other applications such as printing, films and lamination.  ○ Addition of butane to PP could change the characteristics of the PP. The addition is generally made to provide coating to resist heat for PP film. PP can also be changed through the process of compounding. In this process small addition of additives is needed for the melting polymer. The additive could be rubber; filler, material to increase durability and material to stabilize ultra violet that the polymer is fit for out-door use.  ○ Indonesia has three PP producers: PT Chandra Asri Petrochemical Tbk., PT Polytama Propindo and PT Pertamina. However, the companies face difficulties in supplying raw materials of plastic resin, namely naphtha and condensate. Production Capacity of Polypropylene (unit in TPA (Tons per Annum))  ○ Actually Indonesia has a naphtha feedstock and the condensate from natural resources, unfortunately the orientation of condensate and naphtha is still likely to be exported. The impact is raw material requirements for domestic petrochemical industry cannot be met. Accordingly, the raw materials for the petrochemical industry remains to be imported, the import amount reach US$ 8 billion US Dollars on average per year.  ○ According to the research of Nexant in September 2013, the national polypropylene demands reached 1.66 million MT in 2012. The domestic production only able to supply 55% of domestic demand, while the others are supplied by imports (45%).  ○ Further detail report on supply and demand of PP is also performed by Ministry of Industry. According to the ministry, there was still imbalance between supply and demand for PP. The country’s PP production totaled 905 KTA in 2012 with total production reached 782 KTA. Meanwhile the total demand was 1,134 KTA. By this, Indonesia was lack of PP as many as 352 KTA. Polypropylene Supply & Demand in Indonesia (KTPA – Kilo Ton per Annum)       Source: Ministry of Industry  ○ According to the Secretary General of Olefin and Plastic Industry Association of Indonesia (Inaplas), Fajar A. D Budianto, said the supply of polypropylene by imports mostly from ASEAN countries by 60%. Singapore accounted by 18,000 tons, Thailand by 16,000 tons and Malaysia by 12,000 tons. Reflecting on the past year, demand for plastic raw materials rose around 7%. In the future activity of certain plastic raw material imports will continue and continue to rise. □ PP Producers in Indonesia:  ○ PT Chandra Asri Petrochemical Tbk.   - The company is the only domestic producer of Ethylene, Styrene Monomer and Butadiene, one of two domestic producers of Polyethylene and one of three domestic producers of Polypropylene in Indonesia. The company has a market share of approximately 50% of the Ethylene domestic market and approximately 30% each for Polyethylene and Polypropylene.   - Chandra Asri Petrochemical (CAP) is the largest vertically integrated petrochemical company in Indonesia with facilities located in Ciwandan, Cilegon and Puloampel, Serang in Banten Province. CAP is Indonesia's premier petrochemical plant incorporating world-class, state-of-the-art technology and supporting facilities. At the heart of CAP lies the Lummus Naphtha Cracker producing high quality Ethylene, Propylene, Mixed C4, and Pyrolysis Gasoline (Py-Gas) for the Indonesian as well as regional export markets.   - Besides the Naphtha Cracker plant, CAP has integrated Polyethylene and Polypropylene production facilities incorporating two world-class technologies. Four Unipol reactors are designed by Union Carbide: one reactor is capable of producing both Linear Low and High Density Polyethylene resins; the other three reactors are capable of producing a variety of Polypropylene resins. The fifth reactor uses Showa Denko KK of Japan's revolutionary Bimodal High Density Polyethylene technology. These two world-class technologies combine to produce a range of Polyethylene resin grades to meet the majority of Polyethylene demand in Indonesia.   - To ensure continuous production, CAP has on-site power generation with capacity in excess of normal production requirements. In addition, CAP has connection to PLN as a back-up power source. The site also has desalination plant and water treatment facilities to produce feed water and highly purified water for use in the cooling system, tank farm, and jetty.   - PT Chandra Asri Petrochemical Tbk fully owns 2 subsidiaries: PT Styrindo Mono Indonesia (SMI) and PT Petrokimia Butadiene Indonesia (PBI).   - Styrindo Mono Indonesia (SMI) is the only Styrene Monomer producer in Indonesia serving both domestic downstream industries and regional export markets. The plant is located in Puloampel, Serang and is about 40㎞ from the Naphtha Cracker plant. The plant produces Styrene Monomer with a capacity of 340,000MT per year. Two units of Ethyl Benzene plants are designed under license from Mobil/Badger and Lummus technologies. These two Ethyl Benzene units are integrated with two units of Styrene Monomer plants engineered under Lummus/UOP technology.   - Petrokimia Butadiene Indonesia (PBI) is the first Butadiene plant in Indonesia that produces Butadiene to fulfill regional market needs. The plant produces Butadiene with a capacity of 100,000MT per year. The raw material for the Butadiene plant is Mixed C4 which is a by-product of the Naphtha Cracker plant. Butadiene is a raw material used in the production of synthetic rubber which is a key raw material for the production of tires.   - The company sells Olefins and byproducts and Polyethylene in both the domestic and export markets, and Polypropylene in the domestic market. The company sells Styrene Monomer and Butadiene in both domestic and export markets.   - The company’s Polypropylene sales increased by 7.6% to US$762.8 million in 2013 compared to US$709 million in 2012. This was largely due to 2.9% growth in sales volumes of 471㏏ compared to 457.7㏏ in 2012. Average sales price per ton was 4.5% higher at US$1,622 compared to US$1,553 in 2012. Production Capacity  ○ PT Polytama Propindo   - PT Polytama Propindo manufactures and markets polypropylene. Its product includes homopolymer polypropylene resins. The company markets its product under Masplene brand name. It caters to packaging, textiles, and plastic industries. The company’s clientele includes PT Multicipta Polyperkasa. It was founded in 1993 and is based in Jakarta, Indonesia.   - PT Polytama Propindo is the second largest producer of PP resin in Indonesia with an annual production capacity of 380,000 metric tons. PT Polytama Propindo is located in Balongan, Indramayu, West Java near the refinery of Pertamina Exor 1, which supplies propylene for PT Polytama Propindo.   - PT Polytama Propindo is a subsidiary of PT Tirtamas Majutama. PT Polytama Propindo established as a joint venture between PT Tirtamas Majutama (80%), which owned by young tycoon Hashim S. Djoyohadikusumo and Nissho Iwai Corp. Japan (10%) and BP Chemical Co. from Britain (10%).   - PT Polytama Propindo had shut downed its plant on August 2010 for carrying out up gradation work. The interruption on the supply of raw materials and losses had experienced by PT Polytama Propindo hence forcing it to stop PP production. Polytama experienced a variety of challenges to evolve. Pressure crisis of 2008, exacerbated by the sharp fluctuations in crude oil prices, led to the company in the period from 2009 to 2010 suffered losses of up to US$ 20-21 million. Over the past 2 years Polytama stop production and cannot operate at all.   - On August 26, 2013, the company has restarted its Balongan, West Java-based polypropylene (PP) plant. For the initial stage of operation, the company began with the tolling (makloon) cooperation with PT Bukit Mega Masabadi. With a production capacity of about 380 metric tons/year, the company is targeting to fill a market share of about 20%.  ○ PT Pertamina   - The polypropylene plant of Pertamina in Plaju, South Sumatra, was built in 1971 with an annual production capacity of 20,000 tons. In 1994, it underwent revamping to expand its capacity to 45,000 tons per year.   - The basic material for Pertamina Plaju in the form of Raw Propane propylene is supplied from the FCCUS plant, Sungai Gerong, South Sumatra. Pertamina Plaju produces Polytam/Polypropylene pellet, which is produced through polymerization of propylene with several additives namely antioxidant, stabilizer, lubricant, anti-block and slip agent.   - Three producers of polypropylene in Indonesia - PT Chandra Asri Petrochemical Tbk., PT Polytama Propindo and PT Pertamina Plaju - each have distributors or agents to handle each marketing.   - PT Chandra Asri Petrochemical Tbk which has the brand of Trilene has two distributors: PT Akino Wahana Indonesia and PT Bukit Mega Masabadi. PT Bukitmega Masabadi is the biggest plastic resin distributor in Indonesia. PT Polytama Propindo which has a brand of Masplene has a distributor, PT Bukit Mega Masabadi. Pertamina uses no distributor but it has agents to handle the marketing of its PP resin. The agents are responsible for certain marketing areas.   - Distributors of Polypropylene by Producers and Brands: 3. Polyethylene (PE) Resin  ○ Polyethylene (PE) is one of the world’s most widely used polymers and PE products are easily found in our daily lives; raging from simple basic shopping bags to food containers and a host of other sophisticated products. As a safe and non-toxic product, polyethylene is ideal for daily usage where hygiene and safety are priorities especially in hospitals, laboratories and other contaminant-sensitive areas. In these environments polyethylene is used in items like syringes, tubes, catheters and fluid bags.  ○ PE varieties available in the market are High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), and Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE).  ○ Polyethylene (PE) resin is a midstream petrochemical product, a derivative of olefin. PE is produced through polymerization of ethylene. Based on its density, PE resin consists of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). HDPE is more inflexible than LDPE.  ○ Other than the two types there is another type, which was found later Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) produced through polymerization of LDPE under low pressure.  ○ LDPE is smooth that it is widely used as a basic material for thin plastic sheets and inner layer of plastic bags. HDPE is generally used as the basic material of containers and plastic bottles for food products such as cooking oil and lubricant oil, etc. LLDPE, which is tougher, is widely used as packaging material and laminating material. Characteristics and Uses of PE Resin  ○ According to research of Nexant, the total demand of PE in 2012 was 1.06 million tons with the country’s production reached 73%, while the imports reached 27%.  ○ According to the Ministry of Industry, the country’s production of HDPE total reached 415,000 tons in 2012. The domestic sales reached 383,000 tons and exports reached 30,000 tons. Indonesia also did imports to fulfill demand with total imports reached 51,000 tons. But Indonesia was still lack of demand as many as 21,000 ton with total demand was 434,000 tons. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Supply & Demand in Indonesia (in ‘000 MT)       Source: Ministry of Industry  ○ Totals demand of LLDPE was 348,000 tons with production reached 345,000 tons. The lack of demand reached 3,000 tons. Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Supply & Demand in Indonesia (in ‘000 MT)       Source: Ministry of Industry  ○ Demand of LDPE is still supplied by imports. The demand in 2012 reached 138,000 tons that all of it was imported. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Supply & Demand in Indonesia (in ‘000 MT)       Source: Ministry of Industry  ○ Indonesia has only two PE producers, PT Chandra Asri Petrochemical (CAP) and PT Lotte Chemical Titan Nusantara (LCTN). CAP operates an integrated facility producing upstream petrochemicals ethylene and propylene – and downstream products - high density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). Meanwhile LCTN is a producer of HDPE and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE).  ○ CAP has an annual production capacity 336,000 tons of PE consisting of +/-150,000 tons of LLDPE and +/-170,000 tons of HDPE per year. LCTN has a total production capacity of 450,000 tons including LLDPE and HDPE as many as 200,000 tons and 250,000 ton respectively. HDPE Production Capacity 2010 – 2012 (Unit: KTA) LLDPE Production Capacity 2010 – 2012 (Unit: KTA) □ PT Lotte Chemical Titan Nusantara  ○ PT Lotte Chemical Titan Nusantara is The First and Largest Polyethylene Producer in Indonesia.  ○ PT Lotte Chemical Titan Nusantara (LCTN) was established in 1990 under the name PT Petrokimia Nusantara Interindo which was later changed to PT Titan Petrokimia Nusantara in 2006 and changed to PT Lotte Chemical Titan Nusantara on 2013.  ○ The Company listed its bond and sukuk ijarah on the Indonesia Stock Exchange since 2010 and is a manufacturing company with the largest capacity in Indonesia, with net sales of US$ 544.5 Million in 2013.  ○ LCTN operates two lines producing High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) which is the main raw material of plastic widely used around the world, with total installed capacity of 450,000 metric tons per annum.  ○ LCTN production plant is using BP’s Innovene production system and Fluid Bed process, where the catalyst system is designed specifically for the polymerization process that can produce high-quality polyethylene and provide optimum protection for the environment. Since 2008, the Company’s products have been certified Halal from the Indonesian Council of Ulama.  ○ During 2013, the Company produced 337,893 MT of Polyethylene which is 75% of the annual reduced of 4% compared to 2012 production volume of 352,405 MT. The reduced was mainly due to the feedstock supply.  ○ The total own Polyethylene produced plus the carrying inventory from 2012 production amounting to 272,057 MT were sold domestically while 65,609 MT were exported. The domestic sales volumes above were 0.9% higher while the export sales volume were 21% lower compared to 2012 performance. The selling price improved by 7% and 13% for domestic sales and export sales, respectively. As a result, the sales revenue for own Polyethylene improved by 4% to USD523.51 million compared to USD505.28 million achieved in 2012. □ PT Chandra Asri Petrochemical Tbk.  ○ The company markets Polyethylene under the trademark of Asrene covering types of HDPE and LLDPE. The company also produces raw material used for environment friendly plastic which is more quickly and easily decomposed by ultraviolet light. This product is sold under the trademark of Grene.  ○ The Company’s Polyethylene sales increased by 4.9% to US$509 million in 2013 compared to US$485.3 million in 2012. This was largely due to an 8% increase in average sales price per ton to US$1,586 in 2013 from US$1,471 in 2012, partially offset by decrease of sales volumes by 2.7% to 320.9㏏ in 2013 from 329.9㏏ in 2012. 4. Recycled Plastic  ○ Currently there are 74 million people in Indonesia are categorized as middle class population that also categorized as a loyal consumer for various products. In 2020, the total population will increase two-times. Of course, the increasing on the population of middle class will also increase the demand for food, beverages, household appliances, transportation and so forth. These products require olefins petrochemical products: plastic and plastic resin as production inputs. The high demand for olefin petrochemical products cannot be supplied by domestically, thus making the demands should be supplied through imports.  ○ The increasing use of recycled materials is one way to address the local plastic industry's dependence on imports while at the same time tackling the pressing issue of municipal waste.  ○ Recycling is still in its early stages in Indonesia due to a lack of supporting infrastructure, notably with regards to waste collection and sorting. Recycling is mainly in the hands of micro-sized and small businesses in the informal sector, with PT Rejeki Adigraha in Jakarta being one of the few exceptions. As such, the industry lacks economies of scale and mainly employs simple crushing and pelleting technology leading to inferior output compared to sophisticated chemical methods.  ○ However, interest in building modern and larger-scale recycling facilities appears to be growing, as illustrated by the case of PT Enviro Pallets, which recently set up a plant in Bali to turn some 30 tons of household and industrial waste into plastic pallets every day.  ○ The recycled plastic industry has been growing rapidly by sourcing raw materials from developed markets such as Germany, France and Japan to produce recycled PET pellets and flakes. Such products are offering commercially viable solutions to plastic manufacturers as both a wholesale raw material alternative to virgin polymers or as a supplementary filler product when petrochemical prices spike.  ○ Currently, recycled plastic producers are supplying mainly polyester products for use in items such as packaging including plastic bottles as well as industrial textiles such as plastic sheeting.  ○ The next stage in Indonesia’s recycled plastic industry is therefore in moving up the value chain through new technology in order to be able to produce recycled plastic that is on par with that of virgin plastic in terms of quality that can have premium applications such as food grade plastic and yarn for consumer textiles. This represents significant opportunities for international companies engaged in the sector to bring technology and knowhow to a market with potential for not only manufacturing but also domestic consumption of plastic products. This combination is also seeing multinationals across the board from carbonated drinks to nappy manufacturers taking a bullish approach to the Indonesian market and bolstering their manufacturing facilities thereby creating demand for plastic raw materials. 5. Import Trend of Plastic Waste (HS Code 3915) Product Description of HS Code 3915  ○ According to the Indonesian Statistical Agency (BPS), the imports of waste plastic (HS Code 3915) reached US$ 81,523,789 in 2013. It has increased 22.27% compared to previous year that reached US$ 66,677,606. Import Trend of HS Code 3915 into Indonesia       Source: BPS  ○ USA was the major origin country of the imports of plastic waste (HS Code 3915) into Indonesia. The imports reached US$ 39,102,555 with share by 47.96% in 2013. The imports increased 118.05% compared to previous year that reached US$ 17,932,794.  ○ South Korea was ranked in the 11th position of the imports origin country of HS Code 3915. In 2013, the imports reached US$ 321,677. It has increased 62.95% compared to previous year that reached US$ 197,404. Origin Country of the Import of HS Code 3915 into Indonesia       Source: BPS 6. Import Tariffs and Taxes of Plastic Waste (HS Code 3915)       Source: Ministry of Finance 7. Regulation  ○ According to regulation of Minister of Trade No. 39/M-DAG/PER/9/2009 concerning Provision on the Imports of Non-Hazardous and Non Toxic Waste (Non B3), Non B3 waste may only be imported in the form of waste, scraps or parings used for raw materials and/or auxiliary materials of industry.  ○ Non B3 waste which may be imported shall be contained in attachment of the regulation, which constitutes an integral part of this regulation. The HS Code 3915 is included in this regulation.  ○ The non B3 waste may only be imported by companies undertaking industrial business activities and already securing recognition as IP of Non B3 Waste from the Director General.  ○ IP of Non B3 Waste is Producer Importer of Non B3 Waste. The company is undertaking industrial business activity, which is approved to import personally Non-B3 Waste which is solely needed for production of its industry and/or may not be transferred to other party.  ○ The recognition as IP of Non B3 waste shall contain at least the quantity and kind of non-B3 waste which may be imported by IP of Non-B3 Waste along with technical provision on the import thereof.  ○ Every application for securing the recognition as IP of Non-B3 Waste shall be submitted in writing to the Director General by enclosing the following documents:   - Copy of industrial business license/industrial registration identity from technical ministry/agency;   - Copy of corporate registry number (TDP);   - Copy of taxpayer code number (NPWP);   - Producer Importer Identity Number (API-P) or Limited Importer Identity Number (API-T);   - Copy of customs identity number (NIK);   - Recommendation from the Director General of Metal, Machine, Textile and Multifarious Industry or Director General of Agro and Chemical Industry, Ministry of Industry; and   - Recommendation from Deputy for the Management of Hazardous and Toxic Materials and Hazardous and Toxic Waste, State Ministry for Environmental Affairs.