황허문명 [黃河文明(황하문명)]

<a href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1155786">황허문명</a> [黃河文明(황하문명)]황허문명[黃河文明]은 황허[黃河] 유역에서 나타난 중국의 고대 문명을 통틀어 나타내는 말이다. 양쯔강[揚子江] 문명과 함께 중국의 고대 문명을 대표한다. 신석기(新石器) 시대에 나타난 <a href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1211902&ref=y">양사오</a>문화[仰韶文化]와 룽산문화[竜山文化] 등을 거쳐 <a href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1133463&ref=y">상</a>(商)과 <a href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1142682&ref=y">주</a>(周)의 청동기(青銅器) 문화로 발전하였고, 양쯔강[揚子江]과 랴오허[遼河] 유역에서 나타난 여러 문화와 서로 영향을 주고받으며 융합하여 중국(中國) 문화의 기틀을 형성하였다. 1921년 중국의 <a href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1162568&ref=y">허난성</a>[河南省] 민츠현[澠池縣] 양사오[仰韶]에서 신석기 시대의 대규모 취락지가 발굴된 뒤, 황허[黄河] 유역에서는 신석기(新石器)와 청동기(靑銅器) 시대와 관련된 고고학적(考古學) 발견이 잇달아 이루어졌다. 그 뒤 학계(學界)에서는 황허문명[黄河文明]을 세계 4대 문명의 발상지 가운데 하나로 꼽으며, 중국 문명이 황허[黄河] 유역에서 시작되어 주변 지역으로 확산되었다는 견해가 지배적으로 자리를 잡았다. 하지만 그 뒤 중국의 각 지역에서 다양한 유형의 신석기 문화가 발견되면서 이러한 학설은 비판을 받았다. 특히 1973년 <a href="https://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=1139067&ref=y">저장성</a>[浙江省] 닝사오[寧紹] 평원의 허무두[河姆渡]에서는 벼농사와 고상식(高床式) 건축물 등의 유적(遺蹟)이 발굴되어, 양쯔강[揚子江] 유역에서 양사오[仰韶] 문화와 비슷한 시기에 황허문명[黃河文明]과는 다른 계통의 수준 높은 신석기 문화가 발달했음을 보여주었다. 그리고 둥베이[東北] 지방의 랴오허[遼河] 유역에서도 황허문명[黃河文明]과 다른 계통의 신석기 유적(遺蹟)들이 발굴되었다. 따라서 오늘날에는 황허문명[黄河文明]에서 중국의 문명이 시작되었다는 학설은 인정되지 않으며, 중국에서 나타난 고대 문명은 ‘중국문명(中國文明)’ 혹은 ‘황허·양쯔강문명[黃河揚子江文明]’ 등으로 표현되고 있다.<div class="autosourcing-stub" style="text-align: center;"> 출처:(두산백과)</div><img width="1024" class="txc-image" id="tx_entry_66734_" style="width: 945px; 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clear: none; float: none; cursor: pointer;" src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/22453B3A55091DA02D" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" data-filename="DSC_0182.jpg" exif="{}" isset="true" id="A_22453B3A55091DA02D68F5"/> <img width="1024" class="txc-image" id="tx_entry_79035_" style="width: 945px; clear: none; float: none; cursor: pointer;" src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/237AD83A55091DA314" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" data-filename="DSC_0200.jpg" exif="{}" isset="true" id="A_237AD83A55091DA314268E"/> <img width="1024" class="txc-image" id="tx_entry_28505_" style="width: 945px; clear: none; float: none; cursor: pointer;" src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/227C203A55091DA613" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" data-filename="DSC_0233.jpg" exif="{}" isset="true" id="A_227C203A55091DA613755A"/> <img width="1024" class="txc-image" id="tx_entry_67894_" style="width: 945px; clear: none; float: none; cursor: pointer;" src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/257967355508AE6A02" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" data-filename="DSC_0147.jpg" exif="{}" isset="true" id="A_257967355508AE6A02ABCA"/> <img width="1024" class="txc-image" id="tx_entry_92844_" style="width: 945px; clear: none; float: none; cursor: pointer;" src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/cfile/cafe/221FC93B5508AD7E02" border="0" vspace="1" hspace="1" actualwidth="1024" data-filename="DSC_0138.jpg" exif="{}" isset="true" id="A_221FC93B5508AD7E025196"/> 2021-01-13 작성자 명사십리