참전계경 영문. 제1장 상경. 제1강령 성. 제2체 정심. 제16용 폐물.-----26

[홍승주]

제1장.上經(상경) 21訓(훈) 157事(사).

제1 강령 성(誠).....정성.....第1事(제1사)

제2체 正心(정심).....내 마음 속의 올바름......第12事

제16용 閉物(폐물)......사물의 이치를 열지 않음......第19事

  Section 16 : Pye - Mul(閉物,폐물)... Keeping the Principles of Things Closed... Chapter 19.

  [Main Exposition]

    ■ Pye(閉 폐/ Closed) means not opening, and Mul(物 물/ Things) refers to all affairs abd objects.

    ■ The mind is the storehouse where affairs are kept hidden,

        and the body is the foundation that executes those affairs.

    ■  If things remain hidden and are never brought to light,

        from where can obe obtain the means to achieve and complete an undertaking ?

    ■ Howener, opening and bringing things to light must happen at the right time 

       and in the right place.

    ■  If one opens when it is not the right tlme,

        or reveals things when the place is inappropriate,

        the heavenly principles become obscured and darkened,

        and human morality is overturned.

    ■ Therefore, a wise person(哲人,철인/ Cheol - in) keeps affaris concealed within the mind

        and observes the subtle cosmic pivot(機,기/ Gi) when taking action,

        opening and revealing things with the utmost caution.

   [Classical Text Translation]

      ■ 開는 不開也요 物은 事物也라 心者는 藏事之府庫요
         (개는 불개야요 물은  사물야라  심자는 장사지부고요)

         Pye(閉,폐) means not opening, and Mul(物,물) means affairs and objects.

         The mind is the storehouse where affairs are stored.

      ■ 身者는 行事之樞機也니 藏而不發이면 安得現做乎아
         (신자는 행사지추기야니    장이부랄이면  안득현주호아)
         The body is the central pivot for executing affairs.

          If things are only hidden abd never expressed,

          how can they manifest and be accomplished?

      ■ 開發이 有時有地하니 開不以時하고 發不以地면
         (개발이 유시유지하니  개불이시하고   발불이지면)

         Opening and revealing have their and proper place.

         If one opens at an inappropriate time and reveals in an inappropriate place,

      ■ 天理昏暗하고 人道顚覆이라 故로 哲人은 閉物而愼開發이니라.
         (천리혼암하고  인도전복이라  고로 철인은  폐물이신개발이니라.)

         Heavenly principless will become dark and obscured,

         and the human way will be overturned.

         Therefore, the wise person keeps things closed and is deeply cautious

          when opening and revealing them.

     [Explanation]

       The Rarity of Wisdom

        What a wisse person(哲人 철인/ Cheol - in) awakens to remains completely unknown to   

        ordinary people unless the wise person chooses to reveal it themselves.

        This is because while ordinary people are numerous,

         wise individuals are exceedingly rare.

       Divine Alignment.

         A wise person  knows that their self - awakening is a gift bestowed upon them by Heaven.

         Therefore, when they open and bring to light that which they have realized,

         it aligns perfectly without ever deviating from the Heavenly Way(天道,천도/ Cheon - do).

     [Reference Notes(참고사항)]

        The  Concept of Chu - gi (樞機,추기/ The Crucial Pivot)

       The term  Chu - gi (樞機,추기) originates from the Gesa Sangjeon

       (Part I of the Commentary on the  Captured Expressions)

       in the l Ching(易經,역경/ Book of Changes), which states :

      "言行君子之樞機 樞機之發 榮辱之主也 (언행군자지추기 추기지발 영욕지주야)"

       { Words and actions are the crucial pivot of a noble person,

        The release of thiss pivot is the master of  honor or disgrace.}

   Meaning of the Quotation.

    This means that a noble person′s words and actions serve as the 

     definitve crossroads reaching their foundational gate,

     and they are the primary agents that determine their honor or disgrace.

   Connection to the  Main Text. 

     In the Main text, it is stated that :the mind is the storehouse where affairs 

     are kept foundation, and the body is the foundation(樞機,추기/ Chu - gi)

     that executes those affairs.

     " Here, Chu - gi expands on the idea that since the mind is the storehouse

       of all hidden affairs.

       It implies that the mind is the core entity determining honor and disgrace.

       Consequently, a wise person acts with utmost prudence regarding this pivot,

       ensuring it suits the correct time and place ― thereby beautifully complementing

       and reinforcing the teachings found in the Gesajeon of the l Ching.

   [Key Terms Reference]

      ● Cheol - in(哲人,철인) : Wise person / Sage(깊은 지혜를 가진 사람). 

      ●  Cheon - do(天道,천도) : The Heavenly Way / Cosmic Law(하늘의 이치). 

      ● Chu - gi (樞機,추기) : Crucial Pivot /  Himnge and Spring

                                            (문막상 결정적인 기틀이나 갈림길을 뜻하는 고전 철학 용어).                                            

      ● Noble person (君子,군자 / Gun - ja) : Junzi / Exemplary person(유교적 이상향인 군자).