2. The Role of Muscles, Joints, and the Nervous System in Painful Conditions of the Spine

[문형철]

정말 멋진 자료

spine stability system

neutral zone

The neutral zone ( NZ). This is a region of high flexibility. The elastic zone (EZ) is a region of high stifflless. The two zones together constitute the physiological range of motion (ROM) of a joint. The NZ is where spinal motion encounters 

minimal resistance. A joint with increased laxity will have an increased NZ .

The Role of Agonist-Antagonist Muscle Co-activation in Maintaining Spine Stability.

Cog wheel model of joint

근육 분류와 기능

lower crossed syndrome

layer or stratification syndrome

Central Sensitization Demonstrated in Fibromyalgia Patients

• Fibromyalgia patients had lower cold threshold tolerance along with an increased nociceptive

flexion reflex compared to control subjects.

• Cold threshold-immersion of the hand in an ice water bath . M i n i m u m amount of stimulat ion that

caused pain

• Cold tolerance-the t i m e a con ti nuous pai n fu l i m mersion ion ice water bath could b e endured

• Nociceptive flexion reflex-surface electrode stimulated sural nerve near lateral malleolus. EMG

used to measure biceps femoris muscle contraction

Neurophysiologic (Neuromagnetic)Abnormalities Documented in Chronic Upper Limb Pain