재해의 원인과 불안전한 행동

<a href='javascript:fileFilterViewer("http://cfile285.uf.daum.net/attach/995981345E04340F2A16EE", "/cfile285/99/5981345E04340F2A16EE", "재해원인과 불안전행동.hwp", "grpid%3D1UeKg%26fldid%3DQkch%26dataid%3D334%26fileid%3D1%26regdt%3D20191226131621&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcfile285.uf.daum.net%2Fattach%2F995981345E04340F2A16EE")'><img src="https://t1.daumcdn.net/daumtop_deco/icon/icon.hanmail.net/editor/p_etc_s.gif" border="0" alt="첨부파일" class="vam"/> 재해원인과 불안전행동.hwp</a>  재해원인과 불안전행동   1. 재해원인의 연쇄관계 근본적인 원인은 사고발생의 인과관계를 나타내는 사고의 상관성에서 찾을 수 있다. 사고발생의 인과관계를 최초로 규정한 하인리히는 그의 도미노이론에서 재해의 원인에서 발생에 이르는 시계열적 경과로서 - 사회적환경 및 유전적요소 - 인적결함 - 불안전행위 또는 불안전상태 - 사고 - 재해의 5단계로 정의하고 있다. <table style="border: currentColor; border-collapse: collapse; table-layout: fixed; mso-table-overlap: never;"><tbody><tr><td valign="middle" style="border-width: 0.28pt 0.28pt medium; border-style: solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor; padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 21.32pt;">사회적</td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: 0.28pt 0.28pt medium; border-style: solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor; padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: 0.28pt 0.28pt medium; border-style: solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor; padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: 0.28pt 0.28pt medium; border-style: solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor; padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: 0.28pt 0.28pt medium; border-style: solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor; padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 67.4pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 21.32pt;">환경</td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 21.32pt;">개인적</td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 21.32pt;">불안전행동</td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 42.64pt;" rowspan="2">사고</td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 67.4pt; height: 42.64pt;" rowspan="2">재해</td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 21.32pt;">및 유전적</td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: 0.28pt 0.28pt medium; border-style: solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor; padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 21.32pt;">결함</td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: 0.28pt 0.28pt medium; border-style: solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor; padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 21.32pt;">불안전상태</td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: 0.28pt 0.28pt medium; border-style: solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor; padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: 0.28pt 0.28pt medium; border-style: solid solid none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor; padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 21.32pt;">요소</td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt; border-style: none solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 23.76pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: medium 0.28pt 0.28pt; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: currentColor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 67.4pt; height: 21.32pt;">   </td></tr><tr><td valign="middle" style="border-width: 0.28pt medium medium; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor currentColor; padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 29.84pt;">1단계</td><td valign="middle" style="padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; border: currentColor; width: 23.76pt; height: 29.84pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: 0.28pt medium medium; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor currentColor; padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 29.84pt;">2단계</td><td valign="middle" style="padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; border: currentColor; width: 23.76pt; height: 29.84pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: 0.28pt medium medium; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor currentColor; padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 29.84pt;">3단계</td><td valign="middle" style="padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; border: currentColor; width: 23.76pt; height: 29.84pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: 0.28pt medium medium; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor currentColor; padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 68.44pt; height: 29.84pt;">4단계</td><td valign="middle" style="padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; border: currentColor; width: 23.76pt; height: 29.84pt;">   </td><td valign="middle" style="border-width: 0.28pt medium medium; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentColor currentColor; padding: 1.41pt 5.1pt; width: 67.4pt; height: 29.84pt;">5단계</td></tr></tbody></table> 상기 5단계를 볼 때 어느 요소에 대해서도 선행요인에 의해서 일어나고있는 사고의 발생은 이들 용인이 겹쳐서 연쇄적으로 생기는 것이다. 사고발생의 중심문제로서는 제3요인인 불안전한 행동(Unsafe Act)과 불안전한 상태(Unsafe Condition) 두개의 중추적 요인의 배제에 중점을 두어야 한다는 것을 강조한다. 그러나 버드는 하인리히의 이론을 수정하여 산업재해 발생의 연쇄관계에 대한 새로운 생각을 하였으며 재해의 직접원인인 불안전상태나 불안전행동을 발생시키는 근본이 되는 기본원인을 "관리상 결함" 즉 Men(Error를 일으키는 인간요인), Machine(기계설비의 결함, 고장 등의 물적용인), Media(작업의 정보, 방법, 환경 등의 요인), Management(관리상의 요인)의 4M으로 봄으로써 오늘날 산업안전관리를 위한 기본을 마련하였다.