Acute spinal pain diagnostic triage algorithm
Simple Backache Versus Nerve Root Problems
The term "simple backache" can be used to describe mechanical back pain that is musculoskeletal in origin . Pain receptors are present in bone, z-joints, muscle, connective tissue, periosteum , the outer th ird of the intervertebral disc , and in perivascu lar tissue. Pain receptors can be activated by mechan ical strain or dysfunction, metabol i tes, or inflam mation .
Treatment-based classification system
Typical physical findings associated w i t h the most common lumbar radiculopathies
The Waddell nonorganic signs
Indications for plain radiography
Indications for CT scanning
Indications for bone scan
Indications for E M G
Pain provocation with d iscography
annular tear
medial branch block