Deeper Understanding Zanshim (殘心)

[진영]

In Korean 국문 번역
https://m.cafe.daum.net/enlightenment-k/dcM5/342?svc=cafeapp

잔심에 대한 폭넖은 이해

This content was written at the request of Branko, a Haedong Kumdo instructor in Australia, who asked for a piece on Zanshim.

Zanshim is a term that is familiar to almost everyone who practices martial arts.

In countries within the Sino-cultural sphere, understanding the meaning of the term is relatively easy just by looking at the characters.

However, it is not as easily understood by those from other cultural backgrounds.

While Branko likely knows the term Zanshim, it seems he may want to gain a deeper understanding of it, so I’ve written the following explanations.

Once you understand the meaning of the term Zanshim (殘心), you'll realize that this concept applies not only to martial arts but also to daily life as long as one possesses a physical body.

Zanshim is primarily used in martial arts like Kumdo, Judo, and Aikido, and it is also an essential element in mental training. This concept refers to a state of mental, physical, and sensory readiness that remains even after a movement or action has been completed.

Sent from Branko in Australia 🇦🇺

Sent from Branko in Australia

A more detailed explanation of zanshim is provided below.

1. Meaning

Zanshim [殘心] literally means "remaining mind" or "remaining heart." In martial arts, it refers to maintaining a state of vigilance and awareness even after a technique or action has been executed.

It’s not merely finishing a movement but keeping your mind alert and prepared for the next situation, maintaining a readiness that extends beyond the completion of the initial action.

2. Usage Examples

- Kumdo: After striking an opponent, zanshin involves confirm‎‎ing that the strike was effective while staying alert and prepared for the opponent’s possible counterattack. It’s about maintaining tension and readiness to respond at all times.

- Judo: After throwing or pinning an opponent, zanshin refers to correcting your posture and staying vigilant in case the opponent attempts to retaliate or counter.

- Aikido: Even after successfully applying a technique, zanshin involves closely observing the opponent’s movements, ready to respond to any subsequent actions.

3. Differentiated Explanation

a. From a Kinesiological (Biomechanical) Perspective

Kinesiologically, zanshim means that the body remains in a state of readiness even after executing a technique. This implies that the nervous system stays activated, enabling a quick recognition and response to the next situation.

For instance, muscles don’t fully relax but remain slightly tensed, allowing for an immediate reaction to any sudden changes in movement. It also includes maintaining the continuity of movement, ensuring that the flow of motion is smooth, and that it can adapt swiftly to new circumstances.

b. From a Physiological Perspective

Physiologically, zanshim refers to maintaining a stable state of breathing, heart rate, and muscle tension while remaining sensitive to external stimuli.

After performing a martial arts movement, the body stays calm yet ready to react, indicating control over adrenaline secretion, maintaining a consistent breathing rhythm, and overall physical preparedness.

This allows martial artists to retain control over both body and mind, balancing tension and relaxation.

c. From a Philosophical Perspective

Philosophically, zanshim is connected to the attitude one should maintain in martial arts, signifying a constant state of awareness and readiness.

It’s not only relevant in martial arts but is also considered an essential virtue in everyday life, representing a mental state of always observing and being prepared for any situation.

Zanshim implies not being attached to past actions, not being anxious about the future, and fully concentrating on the present moment. It is also related to the concept of "mushim" (無心), which means maintaining a calm and tranquil mind while being able to respond accurately when necessary.

○ Summary

Zanshim is the state of remaining physically and mentally prepared after executing a technique, and it holds significance in kinesiological, physiological, and philosophical contexts.

In martial arts, the essence of zanshim lies in constantly being vigilant and ready to act at any moment, ensuring that one is always in a state of preparedness.


These explanations above aim to capture the essence of " Zanshim(잔심, 殘心)" across different contexts, conveying its meaning and significance in both martial arts and broader philosophical considerations.

I hope that not only Instructor Branko but also other martial artists can read this comprehensive interpretation of zanshim and find it helpful.

Thank you, Branko, for sharing your thoughts with others worldwide!


August 13, 2024
Founder of Jinyoung Ssangkum Ryu
JS Kim