Part of ``Copyleft and the Information Renaissance'' _해석해 줘도 좋음.

Part of ``Copyleft and the Information Renaissance'' Timeline of Information Sharing This timeline is an attempt to map the important teleological events in the conceptualizing and sharing of information. TODAY + | +--Nov 2000 Principles of copyleft begin to be spontaneously | developed and adopted by artists (e.g. Jeremy Bushnell) | | +--Feb 2000 Copyleft license for any kind of work | | | | +--5 Feb 1998 Term ``Open Source'' adopted by some; period of | corporate enthusiasm for open-source software begins | | | | | +--1994 Spontaneous beginnings of an open-source art movement: | Heath Rezabek begins scrytch, an open-source | literary collective; Ram Samudrala's "Free Music | Philosophy"; Stutz's first copylefted music and fiction | +--Mar 1994 John Perry Barlow's "The Economy of Ideas" | in _Wired Magazine_ 2.03 | +--18 Dec 1992 First FreeLore project bulletin for free etexts | +--18 Sep 1991 Linus Torvalds releases first versions of Linux | (formerly "Freax") under GNU GPL | +--Jun 1991 FSF releases version 2.0 of the GNU GPL | +--1989 FSF releases version 1.0 of the GNU GPL | +--1985 Richard Stallman publishes "GNU Manifesto" for a free | operating system; "Emacs Public License" | +--1985 The Karen Eliot public pseudonym or "public identity" | is born | +--1983 Term "copyleft" used by hacker Don Hopkins | | | +--1976 US "Copyright Act" extends copyright renewal to 75 | years for pre-1978 works, gives post-1977 works "life | of author + 50 years" | +--1973 Stafford Beer's new definition of Cybernetics: "the | science of effective organization." Proposes idea of | the "liberty machine," a system that has liberty as its output. | +--Dec 1971 Michael Hart releases the first "Project Gutenberg" etext | (the US Declaration of Independence), beginning an effort | to distribute ASCII text files of canonized, public domain | literature. | +--1971 Most recent revision of the Berne Convention (Paris) | | +--1969 Zen poet Gary Snyder composes and publishes | "Smokey the Bear Sutra" as a handout for attendees of a | Wilderness Conference in San Francisco; poem is released | with a license stating "may be reproduced free forever" | | | +--1959 "Information wants to be free" becomes a codified | hacker credo by TX-0 hackers at MIT | | +--1945 Simultaneous discovery that life is an anti-entropic | force in an entropic Universe by R. Buckminster | Fuller (synergetics) and Norbert Wiener (cybernetics) | +--1942 Magnetic tape invented | | | +--1886 Berne Convention, making soverign nations recognize | copyright in foreign works | +--1877 Microphone and phonograph invented | +--1873 Typewriter invented | | | +--1841 US "Folsom v. Marsh" arrives at "fair use" doctrine | | | +--1790 First United States Copyright Act (14 year terms) | | | +--1710 British Parliament enacts the Statute of Anne, | preventing bookseller monopolies and making a public | domain of literature possible | | +--1624 England makes first patent law | | +--1557 England grants the Stationers' Company of London | exclusive rights to copy printed materials ("copyright") | | +--1476 William Caxton sets up first English printing press | | +--1450? Johannes Gutenberg obsoletes the "scriptoria" writing | shops with his printing press invention | | +--1400 Koreans produce first book in moveable type | | | +--1150? Paper used in Europe +--1144 Paper used in Japan | | +--750? Arabs discover paper from their Chinese prisoners | | | +--105 Chinese develop useable "rag" paper | | | | | | | | | | +--3000 BC Philosophical understanding that things | (inc. information) cannot be "created," in the | _Bhagavad-Gita_: "Action is the product of the | qualities inherent in nature. It is only the ignorant | man who, misled by personal egotism, says, 'I am the | doer.'" | +--3500 BC First known writing, Harappa (Pakistan); writing was | probably spontaneously invented by individual | initiatives in Egypt, Mesopotamia and Harappa | | +--4000 BC Picto-linguistic writing in Tartaria TODO: - earliest records of word-of-mouth data transfer - when term "intellectual property" was invented - ideas of recording "sound" - photographs and first reproduction philosophy - taoist discoveries: chuang tzu, lao tzu & the 10,000 things (information as weightless massless structure) $Id: copyleft-timeline,v 1.12 2002/10/17 17:38:10 m Exp m $