제14장 분사 (Participle)///
1. 분사의 종류
(1) 현재분사- be동사와 결합하여 진행형을 만든다.
ex)They are playing soccer now.
I had lunch while he was coming here.
* 현재분사와 동명사는 그 형태는 [원형 + ing]로서 같으나 , 그 용법이 다르다.
1) 동명사는 동사와 명사의 구실을 하고, 현재분사는 동사와 형용사의 구실을 한다.
2) 동명사는 용도나 목적을 표시하며, 현재분사는 동작이나 상태를 나타낸다.
ex) a sleeping car(침대차)
[용도:동명사]
= a car which is used for sleeping.
a sleeping baby(자고 있는 아이) [동작:현재분사]
= a baby who is sleeping
(2) 과거분사- be동사와 결합하여 수동태를 만들고, have동사와 결합하여 완료형을 만든다.
ex) This book was written by Mr. Park.
Have you ever seen a tiger?
When I arrived at the station, the train had already started.
2. 분사의 용법
(1) 한정적 용법- 명사의 앞뒤에서 그 명사를 수식.
1) 현재분사- 능동 진행의 뜻이 있다. [--하고 있는]
ex) Where did you see a running dog?
Do you know the man standing at the gate?
= Do you know the man who is standing at the gate?
2) 과거분사- 수동의 의미. [--하여진]
ex) Look at the fallen leaves.
Yesterday I got a letter written in English.
= Yesterday I got a letter which was written in English.
(2) 서술적 용법- 분사는 주격보어와 목적보어로 쓰인다.
1) 주격보어
ex) He seemed very pleased with my gift.
I feel tired all the time.
They became strongly united.
He stood watching TV.
He came running.
2) 목적격 보어
ex) I heard him playing the piano.
Leave the door closed.
* 분사의 관용적 표현으로서 다음과 같이 쓰이는 경우도 있다.
ex) They kept talking.
I spent most of time reading.
* 지각동사의 목적보어가 원형부정사일 때와 현재분사일 때, 그 뜻이 다르다.
ex) I saw her sing a song.
= She sang a song and I saw it.
I saw her singing a song.
= She was singing a song when I saw her.
* 사역동사의 목적보어로는 현재분사가 될 수 없다.
ex) I made him clean the room. (0)
I made him cleaning the room. (x)
(cf.)) have(get) + 사물 + 과거분사: --시키다,--당하다
ex) I had my shoes mended.
I had my bag stolen in the bus.
I had him mend my shoes.
3. 분사구문
(1) 분사구문을 만드는 법- 분사를 이용하여 부사절을 부사구로 만든 것을 분사구문이라고 한다.
1) 분사구문의 의미상의 주어가 주문의 주어와 같을 때에는 주어는 주문에만 붙인다.
ex) As I have no money, I can't buy it. -> Having no money, I can't buy it.
2) 두 개의 주어가 다를 때에는 의미상의 주어를 분사 앞에 놓는다. 이 경우를 독립분사구문이라고 한다.
ex) As it was fine, we went on a picnic. -> It being fine, we went on a
picnic.
(2) 분사구문의 용법- 시간 조건 이유 양보 계속 동시동작
1) 시간(while, when, after, as)
ex) Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mime.
= While I was walking in the street, I met -----.
2) 원인 이유(because, as)
ex) Being sick, he was absent from school.
= Because he was sick, he was absent from school.
3) 조건(if)
ex) Turning to the right there, you will find the building.
= If you turn to the right there, you will------.
4) 양보(though=although)
ex) Living next to his house, I don't know him.
= Though I live next to his house, I don't-----.
5) 계속(-and)
ex) The train leaves at six, arriving at Junju at noon.
= The train leaves at six, and it arrives at noon.
6) 동시동작(as=[--하면서])
ex) Saying "good-buy", he went out of the house.
= He went out of the house as he said "good-by".
+ 분사구문의 부정은 not을 분사 앞에
놓는다.
ex) Not receiving an answer, I wrote to him again.
= As I did not receive an answer, I wrote ----.
+ 분사구문의 시제는 주문(主文)에 의해 결정됨.
ex) Being tired, I went to bed early.
= As I was tired, I went to bed early.