러시아어에서 엑센트가 없는 O는 아 발음이 나지.
강세가 있으면 오 발음이 난다.
우크라이나어는 정통식으로 하던데 러시아어는 그렇지 않다.
어근 гор골 이며 발음이 변하여 谷곡 한자음이 된다.
골은 산을 뜻하며 산골짜기다.
러시아어
гора́ [가라]
1.여성형 명사 산(山), 산악(山岳); 고지, 산맥(山脈), 연산(連山); 산적(山積), 산지(山地), 산악 지방. (물건이) 많은 양, (프랑스...
2.여성형 명사 разг. (куча) 쌓아올린 것, 퇴적(堆積), 더미, 덩어리; (тж. множество) 많은 양, 많음, 다수(多數), 다량(多量)
Proto-IE: *gʷar(w)-/-e-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Eurasiatic: *gʷVrV
Meaning: mountain, hill
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *gʷer(w)-
Altaic: *k`ori
Proto-Altaic: *k`ori
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: hill; embankment, boundary
Russian meaning: холм; насыпь, межа
Turkic: *Korum
Mongolian: *küri
Tungus-Manchu: *xurē
Korean: *kòráŋ
Japanese: *kùrùa (~ -ruâ)
Comments: АПиПЯЯ 291. The comparison seems satisfactory (the Jpn.-Kor. link see in Kanezawa 47); an alternative Austronesian etymology of the Jpn. word, however, can be found in Kawamoto 1977, 33. Cf. also Mong. kürmen 'basalt'.
Uralic: *kurV (cf. also *kurV, *korkV)
Number: 1362
Proto: *kurV(-ka)
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: hill, elevation
German meaning: Hügel, Anhöhe, Landrücken
Estonian: kuruk (gen. kuruka) (dial.) 'kleiner Landrücken' ?
Saam (Lapp): kårrå (L) 'länglicher, niedriger, mit Kiefernwald bewachsener Landrücken; freiliegender (niedriger) Bergrücken' ?
Mari (Cheremis): kǝ̑rǝ̑k (KB), kurǝ̑k (U), kurǝ̑k, kuruk (B) 'Berg, Anhöhe, Hügel' ? [if not to *korkV 'hoch']
Komi (Zyrian): ki̮r (S) 'steiler Abhang am Fluß, steiles Flußufer', ki̮r (P) 'id. (in comp.)', kør (PO) 'id. (in comp.) ?; [kvark-vož 'хребет Урала' - rejected by Redei] [if not to *korkV 'hoch']
Kartvelian: *gora
Proto-Kartvelian: *gora
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: горка, холм
English meaning: hillock
Georgian: gora-
Megrel: gola-, gwala-
Laz: gola-
Laz meaning (Rus.): летняя кочевка
Laz meaning (Eng.): summer nomadizing
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 64. Ср. ПИЕ *gʷer- 'гора', алт. *k`ori 'холм'. Климов (1994, 175-176) предполагает заимствование из ПИЕ, что маловероятно; скорее налицо исконное родство.
Dravidian: *kùr_- (*-d_-) (?)
Proto-Dravidian : *kùr_- (*-d_-)
Meaning : name of a mountain tribe
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *kur_-
Proto-South Dravidian : *kur_-
Meaning : tribal name
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : kur_am
Tamil meaning : Kur_ava tribe, palmistry as practised by Kur_ava women
Tamil derivates : kur_avan_ man of a caste of fowlers, snake-catchers, basket-makers, and fortune-tellers; fem. kur_atti, kur_avi, kur_avañci; kur_avāṇar the Kur_ava tribe of the mountain; kur_iñci hilly tract; kur_icci village in the hilly tract; village; kur_umpar petty chieftains; an aboriginal tribe; hunters; a caste of shepherds who weave blankets; kur_umpu petty chieftains; a class of savages supposed to form a part of the aborigines of south India; village
Malayalam : kur_avan
Malayalam meaning : wandering tribe of basket-makers, snake-catchers, and gipsies
Malayalam derivates : kur_icci hill country; kur_icciyan a hill tribe; kur_umpan shepherd; caste of mountaineers in Wayanāḍu; kur_uppu a chief
Kannada : kor_ava, kor_ama
Kannada meaning : man of a now settled tribe who make blankets, mats, etc., are musicians, etc.
Kannada derivates : fem. kor_avañji, kor_avati, kor_aviti (commonly fortune-tellers); kor_aca a thievish wandering hill tribe that sell wooden combs, etc.; kur_uba man of the shepherd caste; kur_umba a caste of mountaineers; kur_ike village
Kodagu : kurubë
Kodagu meaning : shepherd; (Shanmugam) Kuruba caste man
Kodagu derivates : fem. kurubati
Tulu : korage
Tulu meaning : man of a tribe that feeds on carrion and whose women wear leaves
Tulu derivates : fem. korapaḷu; koraji, koraju a serpent charmer; kurube shepherd
Proto-Nilgiri : *kur-
Number in DED : 1844
Proto-Telugu : *kor_-av-
Eskimo-Aleut: *qarǝ-qa- (-qi-) (or ? *ujʁa 'stone')
Proto-Eskimo: *qarǝ-qa- (-qi-)
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: mountain, hill, to climb up
Russian meaning: гора, холм, взбираться
Proto-Yupik: *qarǝ-q(a)- (-qi-)
Proto-Inupik: *qatqa-, *qatqi-
Comments: Derived from qarǝ- 'top, upper part'.
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 274
References: ND 667 *gUrʕV 'mount, hill' (Kartv. + SH?), 929 *kur(Vh)V 'hill, mountain' (IE + Ur + Drav + SH); 1139 *Ḳo/urV 'rock, isolated mountain' (Alt. + same Ur. and Drav.; the reconstruction *ḳ- is actually done only on the basis of Arab. qārat- 'colline isolée' - which in fact has an alternative etymology!!). Thus we have three roots instead of a simple one... [Cf. PAA *gɔ:r 'mountain, forest'].
Meaning: mountain
Old Indian: girí- m. `mountain'
Avestan: gairi- 'Berg'
Old Greek: dẹ̄rás, -ádos f., Cret. dērás GDI 5024.19 `Anhöhe, Bergrücken', <dẹ̄̂ros n.> deîros, -eos n. = deirás Hsch. {dẹ̄rā́ 'mountain range' (Pind. -not found!}; ? Boréā-s, aeol. Boríais, ion. Boréēs, Borē̂s, att. Borrā̂s m. 'north wind; the north'
Slavic: *gorā
Word: гора́,
Near etymology: вин. п. го́ру, укр. гора́, ст.-слав. гора ὄρος, горѣ ἄνω, болг. гора́ "лес", сербохорв. го̀ра, вин. п. го̏ру, словен. góra, чеш. hora, польск. góra, в.-луж. hora, н.-луж. góra.
Further etymology: Родственно др.-прусск. garian ср. р. "дерево", лит. girià, диал. gìrė̂ "лес", др.-инд. giríṣ "гора", авест. gairi-, ср.-перс. gar, gīr, возм., также греч. гомер. βορέης, атт. βορέᾱς, βορρᾱς "северный ветер", алб. gur "камень"; см. Бернекер 1, 329; Траутман, BSW 78; Педерсен, KZ 38, 319; М. -- Э. 1, 555; Шпехт 24 и сл., 55. По Мейе (BSL 25, 144), исходной была основа на согласный. Ср. лит. nugarà "спина", но ср. Буга, РФВ 67, 239. От гора́ образовано горы́ч "юго-западный ветер", поволжск.; го́ры мн. "высокий правый берег Волги" (Мельников и др.).
Pages: 1,438
Baltic: *gur-a- c
Proto-Baltic: *gur-a-
Meaning: mountain spur
Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology
Lithuanian: gùra-s 'Bergvorsprung'
Russ. meaning: гора
References: WP I 682, Buck 25, 48.