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출처: [하투뽀] HOW TO 어학 뽀개기-토익,텝스,회화,영어상식 공부방 원문보기 글쓴이: 하투텝스고고~
1. what 의 용법
① What you see, hear, smell, taste and feel is always the mother of
new ideas. (=that which : ...하는 것)
② Give me what you have in your hand.(=all that : ..하는 모든 것)
③ He has made me what I am.(..와 비슷한 것, 사람)
④ Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.(A is to B what
C is to D.)
⑤ What with overwork and what with money worries, he became ill.
(what=부사로서 partly, somewhat)
2. 관계 부사로 쓰이는 that
① Now is the time that you begin the road to success.(=when)
② This is not the way that I came last. (=by which)
③ Do you know anywhere that I can get a drink? (=where)
3. 동사 + A + of + B 유형
♣ of : ⓐ 제거, 분리, 박탈 ⓑ 한정(..에 관해서)
ⓐ . A famous doctor cured a child of a bad illness.
. They cleared the mountain of its trees.
. This tool relieved me of great pains.
. They robbed him of the money.
. This tall building deprives our house of sunlight.
ⓑ . This picture reminds me of my sister.
. She informed us of the news.
7. 의문문을 강조하는 어구
① Why on earth are you waiting for him?
② What the devil do you want me to do?
③ How in the world could you forget my birthday?
12. 소유의 `the'
> 동사 + 사람 + 전치사 + the + 신체의 부분
ex) . He seized me by the sleeve.
. He hit me on the head.
. He patted me on the shoulder.
. She shot him through the heart.
. She kissed me on the lips.
④ 명령형
ⓐ Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home.
ⓑ Try as you may, you can never do it in a week.
ⓒ Say what you will, no one believes him.
ⓓ Be it true or not, it is not worth considering.
⑤ 보어(형/부) + as + S + V
ex) Poor as he is, he will not do such a thin18. 막연한 it 의 관용적 표현
① 주어로 쓰인 경우
. This is the way it goes. (세상 다 그런 거지 뭐)
. How goes it with you?
. It was all over with me.
. It it were not for water, nothing could live.
② 목적어로 쓰인 경우
. We must fight it out. (끝까지 싸우다)
. Hang it! (제기랄)
. You have to make it.
. I had a hard time of it.
. I had a good time of it.
. Take it easy.
. I couldn't help it.
19. but 의 용법
> ⓐ 그러나 ⓑ only ⓒ except ⓓ that + not(관. 대; 접속사)
ex) 1) He could find all but one of his books.( )
2) He is all but dead. ( )
3) He is anything but a poet. ( )
4) I couldn't but do it. ( )
5) There is no mother but loves her children. ( )
6) It never rains but it pours. ( )
= __________ it rains, it always pours.
7) He didn't go there in person, but sent his assistant.
= _______ _______ going there in person, he sent his assistant.
20. 관용적으로 복수형을 쓰는 경우
① Many people live in the suburbs.
② Subways take workers from their homes on the outskirts to factories in the city.
③ I am friends with her.
I want to make friends with him.
④ I am on good terms with him.
I am on visiting terms with her.
⑤ shake hands ___________
change cars ___________
change hands __________ (주인이 바뀌다)
⑥ a pair of (trousers, scissors, glasses, shoes, etc)
21. against 의 용법
① Are you for or against the plan? ( )
② The crocodile is very well protected against its enemies. ( )
③ Hailstorms are beating against the windows. ( )
④ A huge tree was seen against the blue sky. ( )
⑤ A gentleman is leaning against the wall. ( )
⑥ Against his poverty, he became a great man. ( )
22. 유사보어
. 완전동사에 보어가 와서 주어의 상황, 상태 혹은 결과를 설명
※ . 명칭 : 유사보어, 준 보어, 유리된 주격보어, 의사보어
. 해석 방법 : 주어가 ...한 상태에서, ... 인 채로
예문 . I went away a girl, and have come back a woman.
. He returned home a changed man.
. He lived a saint and died a martyr.
. The snow fell deep.
. He went away quite satisfied.
. The child was born dead.
. Men are created equal.
. The ground was frozen hard.
. A door banged open and slammed shut.
. The sun came out hot.
. He came out the room alive.
. The lion was caught alive.
. The boy was beaten black and blue.
. The thief ran away quite unobserved.
. Her legs were burned brown.
. The door was painted white.
23. what 의 용법
① Give me what you have in your hand. (=the thing which, that which)
② I gave the beggar what little money I have. (= all that)
③ Say what you will, I will do it. ( )
④ what with overwork, and what with money worries, he became ill. (부사:partly)
= Half through overwork and half through money worries,
⑤ Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
⑥ The old man is not what he was.
⑦ Not a day comes but what makes a change.
⑧ What he has suffered! (감탄문)
⑨ Ask him what he wants to be when he grows up. (직업)
⑩ and what not : and so on
24. make it possible for + 사람 = enable 사람 + to do
1) Airplanes make it possible for us to travel fast.
= Airplanes enable us to travel fast.
= We can travel fast thanks to airplanes.
2) Korea's geographical position has made it possible for neighboring
countries to watch carefully.
= Korea's geographical position has enabled neighboring countries
to watch carefully.
3) His poverty made it impossible to continue his study.
= His poverty disabled him to continue his study.
= He couldn't continue his study due to his poverty.
26. 강조용법의 That's ...
※ 강조구문 (내리쳐서 해석함)--- 바로 그러한 이유로.....하다
ㅇThat's where ...
ㅇThat's when ...
ㅇThat's how...
ㅇThat's because ...
ㅇThat's why...
▶응용 독해
a) That's just where you are mistaken.
b) That's how the accident took place.
c) That's because I love you.
d) That's why I didn't open my mouth.
34. From A to B 의 유형
(1) They live from hand to mouth.
(2) They come to see us from time to time.
(3) He begged from door to door.
(4) Butterflies flutter from flower to flower.
(5) He works hard from morning to (till) night.
(6) In autumn most leaves turn from green to brown or yellow.
35. consider 의 뜻으로 쓰이는 주요 표현
(1) You should take into account someone else's wishes.
= You should take someone else's wishes into account.
(2) We made allowances for his youth.
= We allowed for his youth.
= We took his youth into consideration.
= We consider his youth.
44. not ... until : ...하고 나서야 비로소 ...하다
① The modern novel did not begin to appear until the 18th century.
② Not until _____________________________________________________.
③ It was _______________ that ___________________________________.
④ The modern novel began to appear only after the 18th century.
⑤ Only after ____________________________________________________.
⑤ It was _________________ that _________________________________.
50. 동사 + one's way : ... 하면서 나아가다
. feel one's way ( ) . beg one's way ( )
. pay one's way ( ) . earn one's way : 자립하면서 나아가다
. push one's way ( ) . make one's way ;
▶응용독해
a) Baby crocodile has special sharp teeth with which to break their way
out of the shells.
b) Mr. Kim paid his way through a college with honors.
59. make it : 성공하다
▷ succeed, come off well, go off well
61. Never 와 같은 말
= never = not ...at all = by no means = not ...whatever = far from = anything but
= on no account = simply not
ex) His salary is not nearly enough to support his family.
72. 공통관계
(1) He is not and cannot be what he was.
(= He is not what he was and cannot be what he was.)
그는 예전에 그가 아니고 예전의 그가 될 수도 없다
74. 빈도부사
(1) most of the time = usually
(2) all the time, all of the time = always
(3) some of the time = sometimes
(4) hardly ever = seldom
(5) much of the time = often
75. come to + N 의 용법 : ... 하게되다
▷ come to an end, come to stop, come to a halt : 멈추다, 끝나다
come to a conclusion : 끝나다, 결론으로 달하다
come to mind : 생각나다
come to nothing : 헛수고로 끝나다
come to oneself : 의식을 회복하다
come to someone's aid/assistance/aid : ... 을 도와주다
come to an agreement : 동의하다
come to blow : 싸우기 시작하다
76. go to + N 의 용법
▷ go to waste : 낭비되다
go to extremes : 극단으로 가다
go to great pains : 무척 수고하다
go to pieces : 조각나다, 정신적으로 무너지다
go to trial : 재판 받다
78. picture 의 용법
① The boy is the picture of his father. (= copy)
② She was the picture of happiness. (=화신, embodiment)
③ He was a perfect picture of a good-natured farmer. (= example)
④ The employment picture is much brighter than it was a year ago. (= situation)
⑤ He has a clear picture of the problem. (= understanding)
⑥ Ok, that's enough. Now I got the picture. (= to see, understand)
⑦ The present political picture in Korea gives much cause for anxiety.
(= situation)
⑧ Most economists paint a dark picture of the failure of the world economy.
(= representation)
⑨ Investigators who have studied very young children in school present a grim picture of early schooling. (= description)
⑩ I can't quite picture myself as a father. (= imagine)
79. otherwise 의 용법
① His answer could not be otherwise. (= different)
② It is otherwise with him. (= different, in other condition)
③ You think otherwise, don't you? (= in another way, in different way)
④ The rent is high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory. (= in other respects)
⑤ Otherwise, our team could have won the game. (= If not)
⑥ Do what you have been told, otherwise you will be punished. (= or else)
80. at all의 용법
① Do you have any money at all? (조금이라도)
② I don't agree with you at all. (조금도)
③ If help is to come, it must come soon. (어차피)
④ The wonder is that I am here at all. (어쨌든)
⑤ Is there any chance at all? (조금이라도)
81. free의 용법
① His manner and speech are too free. (=licentious; 방종한)
② Do you have any rooms free? (= vacant; 빈)
③ The accused left the court a free man. (= liberated; 해방된)
④ He is free with his money. (= generous; 잘 쓰는)
⑤ You are free to stay as long as you like. (= 허용되는)
⑥ duty-free, free medicine (= 무료의)
⑦ free from charges (비난을 받지 않는), free from disease (= ...이 없는)
⑧ I am free to confess. (자진해서 ...하는)
⑨ You are very free in blaming others. (= 지나치게 ...하는)
83. to one's + 추상명사 : 누가 ... 하게도
▷ to my delight : 내가 기쁘게도
to my disappointment
to her sorrow
to his relief : 그가 안심이 되게도
to her shame
to her grief
to his regret
to his distress
to my cost : 쓰라린 경험을 하여
* as I know it to my cost : 쓰라린 경험을 하고 아는 것이지만
to my joy
to my surprise
to my satisfaction
to my anger
to my horror
84. give의 용법
▷ give an account of (설명하다), give a concert (연주회를 열다), give a cry (외치다), give a laugh (웃다), give a lesson (교습을 주다), give an order (명령하다), give a party (파티를 열다), give a try (해보다), give aid to (...를 도와주다), give birth to (낳다), give emphasis to (강조하다), give rise to (생기게 하다), give thought to (생각해보다)
85. effect
▷ for effect : 효과를 노리고
in effect : 1) 효력 있는 2) in fact
to the effect that : .... 라는 취지로
with effect : 효과적으로, 감명 깊게
effects : 동산
86. but that의 용법
▷ But that there is water, we could not live. (= if not)
▷ I don't doubt but that you will succeed. (= that, 부정의미의 동사 다음)
▷ It cannot be but that something will happen.(... 하지 않을 수 없다;
but that=that+not)
▷ It is impossible but that offenses will come. (... 할 수 없다)
87. good의 용법
① It is good two hours' drive from here. (= full)
② He says he's leaving the country for good. (= ever)
③ It is no good talking to such a fellow. (= use)
④ I'm telling you this for your own god. (= benefit)
⑤ Fish doesn't keep good in hot water. (= fresh)
⑥ It was very good of you to help them. (= kind)
⑦ I didn't know that you were so good at swimming. (= skilled)
⑧ Your driver's license is good for three years. (= effective)
⑨ She took to reading the Bible in good earnest. (= real)
⑩ I'll lend him ten dollars because I know he's good for the money. (= reliable)
95. with 부대상황 구문
※ with + 목 + 보어 ⇒ 「... 한 상태로」
. with one's hair waving in the wind (머리카락을 바람에 날리면서)
. with one's legs crossed(folded) (다리를 꼬고)
. with a radio on/off (라디오를 켜놓은 채/커놓은 채)
. with one's arms crossed (팔짱을 끼고)
. with one's mission completed (임무를 끝내 놓고)
. with one's dog following behind (개가 뒤에서 따르고)
. with one's eyes bandaged (한쪽 눈을 붕대로 감고)
. with one's mouth full (입안을 가득 채우고)
. with one's jacket hanging on his shoulder (상의를 어깨에 걸치고)
. with a smile on one's face (얼굴에 미소를 띠며)
. with a pipe in one's mouth (파이프를 입에 물고)
. with a hat on/off (모자를 쓴 채로/벗은 채로)
. with one's elbows resting on one's knees (팔꿈치를 무릎에 놓고)
. with one's hand in one's pocket (손을 주머니에 찔러 놓은 채로)
. with one's arms covered with blood (손이 온통 피로 범벅이 된 채)
99. over의 용법
(1) ... 하면서
. We talked over a cup of coffee.
. I fell asleep over my work.
. We had a chat over a glass of wine.
(2) 기간
. Over the last three years wages have diminished.
. He will not live over today. (오늘을 넘기지 못할 것이다)
. We kept the party over night.
. Payments spread over a series of years.
(3) 기타
. The disease spread over the whole country. (도처에, 곳곳에)
. She broke her heart over what he said. (about)
. I will tell her over the phone. (...을 통하여; 매개)
. He travelled over many hills and across rivers. (... 을 넘어서)
101. do 동사의 용법
① give : Will you do me a favor?
do one harm; do one good
② be satisfactory :(1형식동사)
③ do + 명사 ---->손질하다, (명사의 의미)하다
. do the dishes; do translation; do the flowers;
. do a room; do one's face; do one's hair
④ do + 지명 = visit
125. do with의 용법
(1) what did you do with my book? (처리하다)
(2) Her job is/has something to do with. (관련이 있다)
(3) I could do with a cup of tea. (필요로 하다)
(4) I can't do with his laziness. (참다)
(5) We felt so happy that we didn't know what to do with ourselves. (어떻게 ...을 처리하다)
126. such의 용법
(1) like : ... 와 같은
∙ I like such fruits as apples, pears and peaches.
∙ People respect great men such as lincoln, Churchill and Einstein.
(2) that의 뜻
∙ I may have offended you but such was not my intention.
∙ If you are a gentleman, you should behave as such.
(3) 선행사로 사용되는 경우
∙ Habits are easily formed―especially such as are bad. (= those which)
∙ You may take from the books such as you need. (= that which)
(4) 형용사로 쓰이는 경우
∙ He is such a liar.
∙ He was in such a hurry.
(5) 결과(너무 ...해서, ...하다)
∙ He is such an honest man that every one likes him.
(6) such ... as (유사관계대명사)
∙ He is such an honest man as every one likes.
34. for nothing의 용법
(1) The check-out clerk gave her for nothing whatever she claimed. (무료로)
(2) He tried to do his best for nothing. (헛되이)
(3) They often quarreled for nothing. (까닭 없이)
(4) The tool you gave me the other day is for nothing. (useless)
135. 우연히 ... 하다
(1) I happened to go into his room.
= I chanced to go into his room.
= It happened that I went into his room.
= I went into his room by chance. (= by accident)
(2) I happened to meet her in the park.
= I came across her in the park.