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Guestworker Debate Plays Out in California Orange Groves | |
Central Valley, California 30 March 2006 |
California orange picking |
It's a chilly morning in an orange grove just outside the tiny town of Yettem, in the shadow of the Sierra Mountains. Workers climb on tall metal ladders to pick navel oranges and load them into heavy canvas bags strapped to their shoulders.
Jon Stearns, a packing house manager, holds two oranges |
And farmers say it will get tougher as peaches and grapes ripen and the competition for workers heats up. It's gotten so fierce that workers use their cell phones to call friends working in nearby fields, and sometimes leave if they hear about a better-paying job up the road.
Phil Martin University of California at Davis, economist |
Those jobs are often in construction, where workers can sometimes earn double what they made in the fields. Margarito, 22, arrived from Mexico last year. He spent just one season picking grapes before picking up a hammer instead. "It's more stable," he explains. "In the fields, when it rains, there's no work. Sometimes you go a month or two without work. Here, there's work all the time."
Mexican farm workers in Irvine, California |
Scaroni says Americans don't want those jobs, and if he can't find workers to pick the crops in California, then the crops will have to go to the workers. He moved his operation to lettuce fields in Mexico this week, part of the hundreds of hectares of farmland California farmers are harvesting south of the border.
In the meantime, some farmers are plowing under their grapes and planting almonds, which require less labor. Other farmers are looking elsewhere for workers. Supervisors in the Yettem orange grove are bringing in 40 workers from Thailand this spring to pick fruit as part of a special temporary pilot program.
But a Mexican farm worker named Rodolfo says he knows of only one way to ensure that the workers already here stay in the fields. "If they want more people, they need to pay people more. If they don't pay enough, then people will go where they'll make more."
But farmers say raising wages would put the price of an orange out of reach for most American consumer - who are used to a cheap, plentiful food supply.