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22. The Tuft of Flowers
about fellowship
I went to turn the grass once after one
Who mowed it in the dew before the sun.
The dew was gone that made his blade so keen
Before I came to view the levelled scene.
I looked for him behind an isle of trees;
I listened for his whetstone on the breeze.
whetstone : 숫돌, 자극물, 흥분제
But he had gone his way, the grass all mown,
And I must be, as he had been,—alone,
“As all must be,” I said within my heart,
“Whether they work together or apart.”
But as I said it, swift there passed me by
On noiseless wing a ’wildered butterfly,
wilder : 길을 잃다, 어찌할 바를 모르다
Seeking with memories grown dim o’er night
Some resting flower of yesterday’s delight.
And once I marked his flight go round and round,
As where some flower lay withering on the ground.
withering : 시들다, 쇠퇴하다, 위축시키다
And then he flew as far as eye could see,
And then on tremulous wing came back to me.
tremulous : 떨리는, 전율하는
I thought of questions that have no reply,
And would have turned to toss the grass to dry;
But he turned first, and led my eye to look
At a tall tuft of flowers beside a brook,
A leaping tongue of bloom the scythe had spared
Beside a reedy brook the scythe had bared.
I left my place to know them by their name,
Finding them butterfly weed when I came.
weed : 잡초, 제거하다, 마리화나, milkweed
The mower in the dew had loved them thus,
By leaving them to flourish, not for us,
Nor yet to draw one thought of ours to him.
But from sheer morning gladness at the brim.
The butterfly and I had lit upon,
Nevertheless, a message from the dawn,
That made me hear the wakening birds around,
And hear his long scythe whispering to the ground,
And feel a spirit kindred to my own;
So that henceforth I worked no more alone;
But glad with him, I worked as with his aid,
And weary, sought at noon with him the shade;
And dreaming, as it were, held brotherly speech
With one whose thought I had not hoped to reach.
“Men work together,” I told him from the heart,
“Whether they work together or apart.”
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꽃다발
나는 이슬 젖은 풀을 해뜨기 전에 벤 일꾼의
행적을 따라가며 풀을 뒤집어 널기 위해 갔다.
그의 낫을 그리도 날카롭게 했던 이슬은 내가 오기 전에
이미 사라지고 낫질에 주저앉은 풀밭이 보일뿐이었다.
나는 그가 혹 작은 나무 섬 뒤에서 일하는지 찾아보았고,
혹 미풍에 그의 숫돌 소리가 들리는지 귀를 기울였다.
하지만 그는 이미 제 갈 길을 갔고, 풀은 모두 베어져 있었다.
그리고 그가 그랬던 것처럼, 나도 혼자일 수밖에 없었다.
“모두가 어쩔 수 없이 혼자야,” 나는 속으로 말했다,
“그들이 함께 일하든 떨어져 일하든 간에.”
내가 이렇게 말했을 때, 당황한 나비 한 마리가
소리 없는 날갯짓으로 내 옆을 빠르게 지나갔다.
나비는 밤새 희미해진 기억을 더듬어
어제 편안히 쉬며 즐겼던 꽃을 찾고 있었다.
어쩌다가 나비가 계속 맴도는 곳을 살펴보니
모종의 꽃이 땅바닥에 누워 시들고 있었다.
이윽고 나비는 가물가물 멀리 날아가더니
떨리는 날개 짓으로 내게 되돌아 왔다.
대답 없는 여러 의문들이 머리를 어지럽혔지만,
나는 먼저 돌아서서 풀을 뒤집어 널려고 했었다.
하지만 나비가 먼저 돌아섰고, 내 시선을
개울가의 한 다발의 키 큰 꽃으로 이끌었다.
낫이 베지 않고 남겨 둔 한 다발의 꽃이
낫에 풀이 싹 깎인 개울 옆에서 혀를 날름거렸다.
이슬 젖은 풀을 베는 이가 이처럼 꽃들을 사랑하여,
그들이 개화하도록 놔두었지만, 우리를 위한 것은 아니었다.
그는 우리가 한 번쯤 자기를 생각해 주길 바란 것이 아니라,
순전히 흘러넘치는 아침의 즐거움에 그렇게 한 것이었다.
어쨌든 간에, 나비와 나는
새벽이 띄워 보낸 메시지를 받았던 것이다.
그로서 나는 잠에서 깨어나는 주변의 새소리도 듣고,
땅에게 속삭이는 그의 긴 낫 소리도 듣게 되었다.
그리고 나는 나의 것과 유사한 정신을 느끼었으니,
그 이후로 나는 더 이상 혼자 일하는 것이 아니었다.
나는 그와 함께인 듯이 즐거웠고, 그의 도움으로 일하는 듯했고,
피곤했지만, 정오에는 그와 함께 그늘을 찾는 기분이었다.
그리고 나는, 말하자면, 마음을 전혀 알 수 없으리라 여겼던
어떤 사람과 꿈꾸듯이 형제의 대화를 나누었다.
“사람은 함께 일하지요,” 나는 충심으로 그에게 말했다.
“그들이 함께 일하든 떨어져 일하든 간에.”
-신재실 옮김-
단상(斷想): 농가에 고용된 어느 일꾼이 이른 아침에 이슬에 젖은 풀을 줄줄이 베어나간다. 한참 뒤에 어느 소년이 풀을 뒤집어 널어서 햇빛에 말린다. 소년과 일꾼은 개인적으로 아는 사이가 아니다. 개울가의 풀밭은 텅 빈 정적이 흐르고, 소년은 고독을 씹으며 외로움에 휩싸인다. 갑작스런 나비의 출현이 그의 고독을 잠깐 깨지만, 최근까지 서있던 꽃을 찾지 못하고 실망하는 나비를 보고 소년은 더욱 쓸쓸해진다. 소년은 그와 마찬가지로 나비도 사랑하는 사람, 사물, 그리고 시간이 덧없이 사라지는 것을 이해할 수 없을 것이라고 느낀다.
하지만 나비는 꽃을 단념하지 않는다. 기어코 한 다발의 꽃을 발견한 나비가 현장으로 되돌아오면서 소년의 시선을 문제의 꽃다발로 이끈다. 풀 베는 이가 베지 않고 남겨둔 한 포기의 꽃이었다. 순전히 아침의 노동을 즐기는 기분으로 남겨둔 꽃이었지만, 그 꽃에서 소년과 나비는 어떤 메시지를 읽을 수 있었다. 소년은 풀 베는 이의 모습을 상상한다. “땅에게 속삭이는 그의 긴 낫” 소리와 함께 잠에서 깨어나는 새들의 소리가 텅 빈 정적을 대신한다. 소년은 일꾼과 상상의 대화를 한다. “사람들은 함께 일하지요…함께 일하든 떨어져 일하든….” 일꾼과 소년, 그리고 나비는 아름다움을 사랑하는 한 마음의 소유자다.
-신재실 씀-
출처 : http://blog.naver.com/PostList.nhn?from=postList&blogId=js9660&categoryNo=31¤tPage=62
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This line, whose near twin had already been used in “The Tuft of Flowers” (“And hear his long scythe whispering to the ground”), is typical of Frost at his best: the rhythm comes perilously close to prose, but is lifted just enough so that it stays inside the boundary lines of verse. One can hear the poet talking here: the rough-hewn New England accent not tripping along or lunging from stress to stress but giving almost equal weight to each vowel sound. In later years, Frost would frequently refer to what he called “the sound of sense,” as in a letter to John Bartlett from England in 1913: “The sound of sense. You get that. It is the abstract vitality of our speech. It is pure sound—pure form. One who concerns himself with it more than the subject is an artist.”He claimed that “ an ear and an appetite for these sounds of sense is the first qualification of a writer, be it of prose or verse. But if one is to be a poet he must learn to get cadences by skillfully breaking the sounds of sense with all their irregularity of accent across the regular beat of the metre.”
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A few days later he appeared at the church with “The Tuft of Flowers” in manuscript, a poem written a decade before. He may well have guessed that the poem’s last, moralizing couplet would seem especially appropriate in this setting: “Men work together, I told him from the heart, / Whether they work together or apart.” In any case, Merriam liked the poem, and he read it aloud while Frost cowered. The audience seemed to appreciate the poem, and several teachers from Pinkerton approached Frost to congratulate him. For the first time, Frost experienced what would in later years become everyday fare: the adulation of the crowd. One teacher suggested that a part-time position at Pinkerton was a good possibility.
From "Reober Frost : A Life - Jay Parini"
https://youtu.be/Z1Daa29C5-w?list=OLAK5uy_l4k2ObJUMCEroFFmDz0oExtPCH4SnEsu0
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“Tuft of Flowers, The” (1913)
“The Tuft of Flowers” was inspired by an experi
ence Frost had while haying at Cobett’s Pond near
Salem, New Hampshire. Frost considered the poem
one of his best, saying that the subject was “togeth
erness” and that in it he “came back to people and
college.” He had come back to college because he
submitted the poem for an assignment in his En
glish A class at Harvard in 1897, in which he
earned a “B” (Cramer, 23). In his “On Taking Po
etry,” a BREAD LOAF SCHOOL OF ENGLISH address in
1955, he explained that “in the old days we mowed
by hand a great deal. . . . The mowing was apt to be
done in the dew of the morning for better mowing,
but it left the grass wet and had to be scattered. We
called it—the word for it was “turning” the grass. I
went to turn the grass once more.”
Frost is concerned with mowing in a number of
poems, including “A Late Walk,” “The Last Mow
ing,” “Mowing,” and “Rose Pogonias.” The speaker
goes to “turn the grass once after one / Who mowed
it in the dew before the sun,” looks for him “behind
an isle of trees,” listens for his “whetstone on the
breeze,” and finds he is alone. The “leveled scene”
becomes an opportunity for reflection. He is as
alone as the mower would have been, and he
declares philosophically from “within [his] heart”:
“all must be . . . Whether they work together or
apart.” There is a notion of togetherness and union
both between people and between people and the
natural environment.
Just as the speaker utters the phrase to himself,
“[o]n noiseless wing a bewildered butterfly” passes
by seeking “with memories grown dim o’er night” a
flower on which to rest. The speaker’s attention to
the butterfly becomes a meditation, as do the ants
of “Departmental” and the mite of “A Considerable
Speck.” Butterflies are prominent in Frost, figuring
in his first poem, “My Butterfly: An Elegy,” as well
as “Blue-Butterfly Day,” among others. George F.
Bagby writes about the association of the butterfly
with Psyche, or the soul, as going back to the
Greeks and of Edmund Spenser’s “Muiopotmos,”
William Wordsworth’s “To a Butterfly,” Samuel
Taylor Coleridge’s “Psyche,” and John Keats’s “Ode
to Psyche,” where psyche is not a butterfly but a
dove (165).
The speaker observes the butterfly, watching it
fly “as far as eye could see” and thinking of “ques
tions that have no reply.” The butterfly and the
speaker are engaged in silent conversation. The
butterfly’s dance is its way of speaking, and its turns
lead the speaker to become even more observant.
He soon spots a tuft of flowers, the “leaping tongue
of bloom the scythe had spared / Beside a reedy
brook the scythe had bared,” by having removed
the grass that would have obscured it. Their having
escaped the mower is described as it having “loved
them thus, / By leaving them to flourish, not for
us.” The speaker imagines that the mower spared
them not for the mower, himself, or the butterfly,
“[n]or yet to draw one thought of ours to him,” but
from “sheer morning gladness at the brim.” The
mower’s joy at discovering the tuft of flowers would
have been enough; it would be for him.
Bagby also writes that “Frost’s butterfly, like its
predecessors, is a carefully crafted element of liter
ary fiction, intended to objectify the movement of
the speaker’s mind” (165). It does so skillfully, dem
onstrating not only the dance in the speaker’s mind
but its movement toward conclusion. He resolves
that the two had in combination “lit upon . . . a
message from the dawn.” The speaker is united
with the mower, hearing his “long scythe whisper
ing to the ground” as he listens to the waking birds.
He no longer feels alone, finding kinship with the
butterfly and the mower in this natural landscape
and sensing the sort of union between humanity
and nature that Walt Whitman celebrates in “Song
of Myself.”
The earlier phrase is repeated in the closing
lines: “ ‘Men work together,’ I told him from the
heart, ‘Whether they work together or apart.’ ” The
poem is almost all heart. It was first published in
the March 9, 1906, issue of the Derry Enterprise and
later collected in Frost’s first collection, A Boy’s
Will. It reflects the earlier poet—its style romantic,
its imagery magical—but also foreshadows much of
his later work in theme and philosophy. “The Tuft
of Flowers,” superbly crafted and expressive, is one
of Frost’s most anthologized and celebrated.
FURTHER READING
Bagby, George F. Frost and the Book of Nature. Knox
ville: University of Tennessee Press, 1993.
Cramer, Jeffrey S. Robert Frost among His Poems: A Lit
erary Companion to the Poet’s Own Biographical
Contexts and Associations. Jefferson, N.C.: MacFar
land, 1996.
Dickey, Frances. “Frost’s ‘The Tuft of Flowers’: A
Problem of Other Minds,” New England Quarterly
75, no. 2 (June 2002): 299–311.
Fleissner, R. F. “Tufting the Host: Frost’s Further Use
of Wordsworth,” Notes on Contemporary Literature
12, no. 4. (September 1982): 6–8.
Monteiro, George. “Robert Frost’s Linked Analogies,”
New England Quarterly 46, no. 3 (September
1973): 463–468.
Perrine, Laurence. “Frost’s ‘The Tuft of Flowers,’ ”
Explicator 42, no. 1 (Fall 1983): 36.
Waddell, William S., Jr. “Aphorism in Robert Frost’s
‘The Tuft of Flowers’: The Sound of Certainty,”
Concerning Poetry 13, no. 1 (1980): 41–44.