감탄사 : awesome! tada~ yum! oh my goodness incredible!
🍌 12시제 🍌
1. 현재 : 동사의 기본형, - 이다, - 한다
ex) I study. / He isn't angry.
2. 과거 : -였다, - 했다
규칙동사 + ed / 불규칙 동사 do-did, steal-stole etc.
ex) She made cookies. / We weren't at home.
3. 미래 : -일 것이다, - 할 것이다
ex) I will get home. / she will go on a diet.
4. 현재진행 : am / is / are + -ing, - 하는 중이다
ex) Maria is going to the hospital. / They're having dinner.
5. 과거진행 : was / were + -ing, -하는 중이었다.
ex) The children were playing football. / My aunt wasn't driving.
6. 미래진행 : will be + -ing, - 하는 중일 것이다.
ex) Nicole will be meeting her friends. / My mom will be cleaning my room.
7. 현재완료 : have / has p.p, 현재까지 - 했다.
ex) We have just arrived. / Tom hasn't written the novel.
8. 과거완료 : had p.p, 과거 어느 시점까지 - 했다.
ex) I had studied Chinese. / We had swum.
9. 미래완료 : will have p.p, 미래 어느 지점까지 - 했을 것이다.
ex) I will have repaired my computer. / My friends will have finished their housework.
10. 현재완료 진행 : have / has been + -ing, 현재까지 계속해서 -하는 중이다.
ex) I haven't been playing chess. / Jade has been learning English for six months.
11. 과거완료 진행 : had been + -ing, 과거의 어느 시점까지 -하는 중이었다.
ex) The dog had been digging my garden. / A robber had been stealing money in a bank.
12. 미래완료 진행 : will have been + -ing, 미래의 어느 시점까지 - 하는 중일 것이다.
ex) Robert will have been washing up dishes. / My sister will have been having a bath.
🍌 조동사의 종류 🍌
1. can (-할 수 있다)
: I can speak German. / she can't do it.
: Can I have a look at your newspaper? (요청)
: Can I smoke here? (부탁)
2. will / be going to (- 할 것이다)
: I'm not going to go to the library.
: they're going to make some cakes.
: I'll give it back to you.
3. could
: When I was a child, I could play baseball. (can의 과거)
: Could you pass the sugar, please? (부탁)
4. would
: She told me she would pay the rent. (will 의 과거)
: Would you like to order? (do you want to -?)
5. should / ought to (-하는 게 좋겠다. 조언/충고)
: You should work harder. / You should sell your car.
: I don't think he ought to lie on the floor.
6. must
: People must pay taxes. (-해야 한다 )
: They must be new here. (-임에 틀림없다)
7. may / might (-일지도 모른다)
: I might go to Australia next year. / My father may not stop talking. (-일지도 모른다)
: May I come in? / You may use the ticket until tomorrow. (허락)
8. have to - 해야 한다
: I have to do my homework. / she has to borrow chairs.
9. used to -하곤 했다 (과거에는 했지만 지금은 하지 않음)
: I used to work in the factory, but I'm working at a cafe now.
: We didn't use to eat tomatoes.
: Did you use to live in Seoul?
10. shall 제안 : Shall we go for a walk?