Here is the complete list from Alinsky.
RULE 1: “Power is not only what you have, but what the enemy thinks you have.”
Power is derived from 2 main sources – money and people. “Have-Nots” must build power from flesh and blood. (These are two things of which there is a plentiful supply. Government and corporations always have a difficult time appealing to people, and usually do so almost exclusively with economic arguments.)
RULE 2: “Never go outside the expertise of your people.”
It results in confusion, fear and retreat. Feeling secure adds to the backbone of anyone. (Organizations under attack wonder why radicals don’t address the “real” issues. This is why. They avoid things with which they have no knowledge.)
RULE 3: “Whenever possible, go outside the expertise of the enemy.”
Look for ways to increase insecurity, anxiety and uncertainty. (This happens all the time. Watch how many organizations under attack are blind-sided by seemingly irrelevant arguments that they are then forced to address.)
RULE 4: “Make the enemy live up to its own book of rules.”
If the rule is that every letter gets a reply, send 30,000 letters. You can kill them with this because no one can possibly obey all of their own rules. (This is a serious rule. The besieged entity’s very credibility and reputation is at stake, because if activists catch it lying or not living up to its commitments, they can continue to chip away at the damage.)
RULE 5: “Ridicule is man’s most potent weapon.”
There is no defense. It’s irrational. It’s infuriating. It also works as a key pressure point to force the enemy into concessions. (Pretty crude, rude and mean, huh? They want to create anger and fear.)
RULE 6: “A good tactic is one your people enjoy.”
They’ll keep doing it without urging and come back to do more. They’re doing their thing, and will even suggest better ones. (Radical activists, in this sense, are no different that any other human being. We all avoid “un-fun” activities, and but we revel at and enjoy the ones that work and bring results.)
RULE 7: “A tactic that drags on too long becomes a drag.”
Don’t become old news. (Even radical activists get bored. So to keep them excited and involved, organizers are constantly coming up with new tactics.)
RULE 8: “Keep the pressure on. Never let up.”
Keep trying new things to keep the opposition off balance. As the opposition masters one approach, hit them from the flank with something new. (Attack, attack, attack from all sides, never giving the reeling organization a chance to rest, regroup, recover and re-strategize.)
RULE 9: “The threat is usually more terrifying than the thing itself.”
Imagination and ego can dream up many more consequences than any activist. (Perception is reality. Large organizations always prepare a worst-case scenario, something that may be furthest from the activists’ minds. The upshot is that the organization will expend enormous time and energy, creating in its own collective mind the direst of conclusions. The possibilities can easily poison the mind and result in demoralization.)
RULE 10: “If you push a negative hard enough, it will push through and become a positive.”
Violence from the other side can win the public to your side because the public sympathizes with the underdog. (Unions used this tactic. Peaceful [albeit loud] demonstrations during the heyday of unions in the early to mid-20th Century incurred management’s wrath, often in the form of violence that eventually brought public sympathy to their side.)
RULE 11: “The price of a successful attack is a constructive alternative.”
Never let the enemy score points because you’re caught without a solution to the problem. (Old saw: If you’re not part of the solution, you’re part of the problem. Activist organizations have an agenda, and their strategy is to hold a place at the table, to be given a forum to wield their power. So, they have to have a compromise solution.)
RULE 12: Pick the target, freeze it, personalize it, and polarize it.”
Cut off the support network and isolate the target from sympathy. Go after people and not institutions; people hurt faster than institutions. (This is cruel, but very effective. Direct, personalized criticism and ridicule works.)
Saul David Alinsky (1909 년 1 월 30 일 – 1972 년 6 월 12 일)는 미국의 사회 운동가이자 정치 이론가였다. 그는“시카고에 기반을 둔 산업 분야 재단 (Industrial Areas Foundation)”을 통해 가난한 지역 사회가 집주인, 정치인 및 비즈니스 리더들에게 요구를 가할 수 있도록 돕는 데 도움을 주었다. 1960 년대에 "새로운 좌파 운동가들의 조급함에 대한 대응으로 그의 급진적 인 규칙들 : 실용적 입문서"(1971) Alinsky는 사회를위한 투쟁의 열쇠로서 공동체 조직과 관련된 대립과 타협의 예술을 방어했다. 사울 알린스키의 12가지 규칙 규칙 1: "힘은 당신이 가진 것뿐만 아니라, 적이 당신이 가지고 있다고 생각하는 것" 규칙 2: "당사자들의 전문 지식 밖으로 절대 나가지 말라." 불안, 불안, 불확실성을 증가시키는 방법을 찾아라. (이런 일은 항상 일어난다. 공격을 받고 있는 조직 중 얼마나 많은 조직들이 관련 없어 보이는 논쟁에 의해 맹목적인지 지켜봐라.) 규칙 4: "적들을 자신의 규칙집에 맞게 살아가게 하라." 규칙 5: "리디쿨레는 인간의 가장 강력한 무기다." 규칙 6: "좋은 전술은 사람들이 즐기는 것이다." 규칙 9: "위협은 보통 그 자체보다 더 무섭다." 규칙 11: "성공적인 공격의 대가는 건설적인 대안이다." |