|
A Sysadmin's Unixersal Translator (ROSETTA STONE) OR What do they call that in this world? | ||||
Contributions and corrections gratefully accepted. Please help us fill in the blanks. New "tasks" are welcome, too! | ||||
hardware, firmware, devices | disks | kernel, boot, swap | files, volumes | |
networking | security, backup | software, patching, tracing, logging | references |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux | Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare | Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 | Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
OS notes | By IBM, with input from System V, BSD, etc. etc. Runs mainly on IBM RS/6000 and related hardware. | Data General was aquired by EMC in 1999. | Derived from 4.4BSD-Lite and 386BSD. This table does not include external packages from /usr/ports. | Hewlett-Packard. | SGI. SVR4-based | (rh) = Red Hat, Mandrake, Suse,... (deb) = Debian, Libranet,... (mand) = Mandrake (SuSE) = SuSE |
Darwin is the Open Source foundation for Mac OS X, descended from NeXTStep | aka MP-RAS | Derived from 4.4BSD-Lite and 386BSD. This table does not include external packages from /usr/pkg. | Forked from NetBSD in 1995. Security emphasis. This table does not include external packages from /usr/ports. | Fujitsu Siemens. Based on DC/OSX from Pyramid, SINIX from Siemens, and SVR4. To be replaced with Solaris by 2008. |
SCO UnixWare 7.0.1& SCO UnixWare 7.1.1 became Caldera Open Unix and later became SCO again. SVR4-based. | Solaris 2.0-2.6, 7, 8, 9 (SunOS 5.*) SVR4-based |
Solaris 1.* BSD-based |
(Digital Unix, OSF/1) (4)= 4.0F/G (5)= 5.0A |
An early DEC Unix, superceded by Digital Unix (now Tru64). | Cray Inc., formed from the March 2000 merger of Tera Computer Company and Cray Research | OS notes |
administrative GUI | smit smitty wsm |
sysadm | /stand/sysinstall pw adduser rmuser vipw chpass |
sam | /usr/sysadm/bin/sysmgr (6.3+) toolchest /usr/Cadmin/bin/* |
(rh, FC2+, RHEL4+) system-config* (rh) redhat-config* linuxconf (obsolete) (SuSE) yast2 (deb) dpkg-reconfigure (mand) drakconf |
Aqua: System Preferences, NetInfo Manager | sysadm | sushi | ? |
sysadm |
scoadmin |
solstice |
? | checklist (5) sysman |
? | checklist /etc/install/install xmenu |
administrative GUI |
managing users | lsuser mkuser chuser rmuser usrck |
useradd userdel |
adduser rmuser pw vipw |
useradd userdel usermod |
/usr/sysadm/privbin/ passmgmt /usr/Cadmin/bin/cpeople |
useradd |
Aqua: System Preferences / Accounts niutil |
useradd userdel usermod sysadm |
useradd userdel userinfo usermod user |
useradd userdel adduser (interactive) usermod |
sysadm useradd userdel |
scoadmin useradd userdel |
useradd userdel usermod /usr/sadm/bin/smuser (9+) groupadd |
edit /etc/passwd and create home directory |
useradd |
adduser removeuser |
xadmin udbgen udbrstrict nu scripts |
managing users |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
list hardware configuration |
prtconf lscfg lsattr lsdev |
dg_sysreport -g hardware | dmesg cat /var/run/dmesg.boot pciconf -l eeprom (SPARC only) |
ioscan |
hinv |
dmesg (if you're lucky) |
hostinfo ioreg -bls system_profiler |
prtconf devstat machinetype more /etc/.osm |
dmesg more /var/run/dmesg.boot cat /kern/msgbuf |
dmesg cat /var/run/dmesg.boot |
autoconf -l |
hwconfig /usr/lib/X11/testtools/ |
prtconf -v |
dmesg (if you're lucky) |
dia -R full |
dmesg (if you're lucky) |
machid |
list hardware configuration |
show/set EEPROM/NVRAM values |
bootlist -o -m normal |
dg_sysctl | grep BOOTPATH |
? | setboot stm |
nvram printenv/setenv (at command monitor) |
/dev/nvram (if you have it) hwclock nvsetenv |
nvram | eeprom | openprom (on OpenFirmware architectures) |
in bdm (at boot stop or ctrl-a) |
? | eeprom | eeprom | (4.0D+) consvar | ? | ? | show/set EEPROM/NVRAM values | |
add device without reboot | cfgmgr -v | N/A | camcontrol atacontrol kldload |
ioscan -fnCdevtype; |
scsiha -pr ioconfig -f /hw scsiadminswap -b bus -p |
udev (2.6+) modprobe kerneld insmod hotplug cardctl |
(automatic — autdodiskmounter) | devmgmt mktable |
scsictl atactl |
? | reinitdev changedev |
mkdev | devfsadm. pre-Solaris 7 HW 11/99, use: drvconfig; devlinks; {disks, tapes, ports} |
/dev/MKDEV |
(3.2.*) scu scan edt |
/dev/MAKEDEV | ? | add device without reboot |
tape device | /dev/rmt0 | /dev/rmt/0 | /dev/rsa0 | /dev/rmt/0m | /dev/tape /dev/nrtape |
/dev/st0 | ? | /dev/rmt/c* | /dev/st0 | /dev/st0 | /dev/ios0/rstape001 autoconf -1 | grep TAPE |
/dev/rct0 | /dev/rmt/0 | /dev/rst0 | (5.x) /dev/ntape /dev/tape | /dev/nrmtXh where n=non-rewinding, X a number, h=density | tpmnt | tape device |
stdin/ stdout/ stderr | ? | ? | /dev/fd/[012] | ? | /dev/fd/[012] | /dev/fd/[012] | /dev/fd/[012] | ? | /dev/fd/[012] | ? | ? | ? | /dev/fd/[012] | ? | ? | ? | ? | stdin/ stdout/ stderr |
X kvm config | ? | ? | xf86config | itemap | /usr/bin/X11/xsetmon /usr/gfx/setmon |
xf86config XFree86 -configure redhat-config-xfree86 /etc/X11/?dm |
? | xf86config xf86cfg XFree86 -configure |
X -configure | ? | hwconfig | kdmconfig (x86) fbconfig; m64config; (etc.) |
? | ? | ? | ? | X kvm config | |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
read a disk label | lspv -l | admpdisk -o list admvdisk -o list |
disklabel -r | diskinfo pvdisplay |
prtvtoc | fdisk -l | pdisk rawDev -dump Disk Utility |
prtvtoc | disklabel -r disk mbrlabel fdisk |
fdisk -r OR disklabel -rl | dkpart -l | fsname | prtvtoc | dkinfo | disklabel -r | chpt -q | ? | read a disk label |
whole disk in partition | N/A | ? | c | ? | 10 | /dev/hda (e.g. if /dev/hda1 is a partition) |
(non-root partitions are mounted under /Volumes) | s0 | c or d sysctl kern.rawpartition |
c | /dev/ios0/rsdisk???s7 (???=000-999) |
/dev/1s# (#=0,1,...) | 2 | c | c | c | s7 | whole disk in partition |
label a disk | mkvg | admpdisk | fdisk disklabel -wr sysinstall |
pvcreate |
dvhtool |
cfdisk fdisk e2label |
(labels unused) |
sysadm |
disklabel -wr mbrlabel |
disklabel -wr | dksetup | divvy | format prtvtoc (x86) fdisk |
format | disklabel -rw | chpt -a | /etc/labelit | label a disk |
partition a disk | mklv | admpdisk | fdisk sysinstall |
lvcreate sam |
fx | parted (if you have it) fdisk pdisk (on a MAC) (deb) mac-fdisk (on a MAC) (mand) diskdrake |
pdisk | fdisk | disklabel -i | fdisk -e OR disklabel -E | dkpart -e | divvy | format fmthard |
format | disklabel -e | chpt -p | /etc/install/install | partition a disk |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
kernel | /unix | /dgux | /kernel /boot/kernel/kernel |
/hpux (9) /stand/vmunix (10+) |
/unix |
/boot/vmlinuz* (see /etc/lilo.conf or /boot/grub/menu.lst) |
/mach_kernel | /unix /stand/unix |
/netbsd | /bsd |
/unix /stand/unix |
/unix | /kernel/genunix /platform/`uname -m`/ kernel/unix /platform/`uname -m`/ kernel/sparcv9/unix (7+) |
/vmunix | /vmunix | /vmunix | /unicos | kernel |
show/set kernel parameters | vmo ioo schedo |
vi /var/Build/ system.hostname;; reboot |
/boot/kernel.conf |
sam sysdef kmtune (11+) kctune (11.23+) getconf |
systune | /proc/* /proc/sys/* sysctl /etc/sysctl.conf |
/usr/sbin/sysctl | sysdef getconf /etc/conf/cf.d/ quicktune.cfg |
sysctl /etc/sysctl.conf |
sysctl /etc/sysctl.conf |
idtune cat /etc/opt/cf.d/stune cat /etc/opt/cf.d/mtune sysdef -i |
/etc/conf/cf.d/configure -x sysdef |
sysdef |
adb /usr/kvm/sys/ |
dxkerneltuner sysconfig |
adb kdb |
? | show/set kernel parameters |
limit physical memory | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | mem= (in lilo.conf) | nvram bootargs="maxmem=MB" | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | limit physical memory |
loaded kernel modules | genkex | ? | kldstat | kmadmin -s | ? | lsmod | kextstat | ? | ? | ? | ? | modadmin | modinfo | ? | ? | ? | ? | loaded kernel modules |
load module | ? | ? | kldload | kmadmin -L | ? | insmod | kextload | ? | ? | ? | ? | modadmin | modload | ? | ? | ? | ? | load module |
unload module | ? | ? | kldunload | kmadmin -U | ? | rmmod | kextunload | ? | ? | ? | ? | modadmin | modunload | ? | ? | ? | ? | unload module |
make disk bootable | bosboot -a | dg_sysctl | boot0cfg disklabel |
mkboot | dvhtool |
(rh) mkbootdisk |
bless | dklayout | fdisk -i installboot |
? | dksetup | ? | installboot /usr/platform/ `uname -m` /lib/fs/ufs/bootblk raw_device_file |
/usr/kvm/mdec installboot [-hltv] protobootblk bootdevice |
(4.x+) disklabel -rw -t [ufs|advfs] | ? | ? | make disk bootable |
startup scripts | /etc/rc* | /etc/rc* | /etc/rc* (4-) /etc/rc.d/* (5+) /usr/local/etc/rc.d/* |
/etc/rc* (9) /etc/rc.config.d (preferred) |
/etc/rc* /etc/init.d/ |
/etc/rc* (but may vary) /etc/init.d/ |
/System/Library/ StartupItems/*, /Library/StartupItems/, /etc/rc* |
/etc/rc* |
/etc/rc /etc/rc.* /etc/rc.d/* |
/etc/rc* |
/etc/rc* | /etc/rc* | /etc/rc* /etc/init.d/ (10+) svcadm (10+) svcs |
/etc/rc* | /sbin/init.d; links in /sbin/rc?.d | /etc/rc* | ? | startup scripts |
shutdown (& power off if possible) | shutdown -Fh | ? | ? | shutdown -yh 0 | /etc/shutdown -y -g0 -i0 -p | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | shutdown -i0 | shutdown -y -g0 -i5 | ? | ? | ? | ? | shutdown (& power off if possible) |
run levels 1 *=normal states for more detail see www.phildev.net/runlevels.html |
2: multiuser 6: reboot |
? | -1*: permanently insecure 0: insecure 1: secure 2: highly secure 3: network secure |
0: shut down s,S: single-user 1: sys admin 2: multiuser 3*: share NFS 4*: start GUI 5: user-defined 6: user-defined |
0: power-down s,S: single-user 1: sys admin 2: multiuser (no NFS) 3*: multiuser 4: user-defined 5: firmware monitor |
(set in /etc/inittab) 0: halt s,S,1: vendor-dependent 1: single-user 2-5*: multiuser 6: reboot |
? | (set in /etc/inittab) 0: shutdown s,S: single-user 1: sys admin 2*: multi-user 3: share NFS 4: user-defined 5: firmware 6: reboot |
-1: permanently insecure 0*: insecure 1*: secure 2: highly secure |
-1: permanently insecure 0*: insecure 1*: secure 2: highly secure |
0: power-down s,S: single-user 1: sys admin 2*: multiuser 3+4*: user-defined 5: firmware update 6: reboot |
? |
0: firmware monitor |
? | 0: shut down 1: single user 2: multi-user, no NFS 3: multi-user 6: reboot |
0: shut down 1: single user 2: multi-user, no NFS 3: multi-user 6: reboot |
? |
run levels 1 |
show runlevel 1 | who -r | who -r | sysctl kern.securelevel | who -r | who -r | /sbin/runlevel | (runlevels unused) | who -r | sysctl kern.securelevel | sysctl kern.securelevel | who -r | who -r | who -r | ? | who -r | ? | who -r | show runlevel 1 |
time zone info | /etc/environment ($TZ) | /etc/TIMEZONE | /etc/localtime /usr/share/zoneinfo |
/usr/lib/tztab | /usr/lib/locale/TZ/ /etc/TIMEZONE |
/usr/share/zoneinfo/ | /usr/share/zoneinfo/ | /usr/lib/locale/TZ | /etc/localtime /usr/share/zoneinfo/ |
/usr/share/zoneinfo/ /etc/localtime |
? | ? | /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/ | ? | /etc/zoneinfo | ? | ? | time zone info |
check swap space | lsps -a | admswap -o list -buv dg_sysreport -p freeswap systat -swap |
swapinfo pstat -s |
swapinfo | swap -s swap -l |
swapon -s cat /proc/meminfo cat /proc/swaps free |
ls -l /var/vm vm_stat |
swap -s swap -l sar -r |
swapctl -l | swapctl | swap -s swap -l |
swap -l | swap -s swap -l |
pstat -s | swapon -s | ? | /etc/swapper | check swap space |
bind process to CPU | taskset (sched-utils) | pbind | bind process to CPU | |||||||||||||||
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
"normal" filesystem | jfs | dg/ux | ufs/ffs/ufs2 (5+) ext2 |
hfs |
efs, xfs | ext2 ext3 ReiserFS |
ufs hfs+ |
vxfs | ffs (was ufs) | ffs (was ufs) | vxfs ufs (root) |
htfs (OpenServer 5) vxfs |
ufs | 4.2 |
(4) ufs |
ufs | NC1FS C2FS |
"normal" filesystem |
volume-based filesystem | jfs | admvdisk |
ccd |
jfs (vxfs) LVM VxVM ($) |
xlv, xvm, xfs | LVM, LVM2 EVMS VxVM ($) |
? | vdisk VxVM |
ccd, raidframe |
ccd raid |
vdisk | vdisk | Solstice DiskSuite VxVM ($) |
? | Advfs LSM |
N/A | ? | volume-based filesystem |
file system description |
/etc/filesystems | /etc/fstab | /etc/fstab | /etc/checklist (9) /etc/fstab (10+) |
/etc/fstab | /etc/fstab | NetInfo | /etc/vfstab | /etc/fstab | /etc/fstab | /etc/vfstab /etc/dktab |
/etc/mnttab |
/etc/vfstab (local) | /etc/fstab | /etc/fstab AdvFS: /etc/fdmns |
/etc/fstab | /etc/fstab | file system description |
volume manipulation |
smitty vg |
sysadm |
vinum |
vg*; lv*; pv* extendfs fsadm |
xlv_mgr |
e2fsadm lvcreate lvremove lvextend |
Disk Utility / pdisk / diskutil | vxva | ccdconfig raidctl |
ccdconfig raidctl |
dkconfig dkmirror dkmap |
? |
meta* /opt/VRTSvxva/bin/vxva |
? | AdvFS: mkfdmn, mkfset, addvol, showfdmn LSM: volassist or volmake, volume, volplex and volsd, volprint |
? | /etc/install/install | volume manipulation |
create filesystem | crfs | admfilesystem | newfs | mkfs newfs |
mkfs | mke2fs mkreiserfs mkdosfs |
newfs newfs_hfs newfs_mdos |
mkfs | newfs makefs |
newfs | mkfs newfs |
divvy (OpenServer 5) mkfs |
newfs mkfs |
newfs mkfs |
AdvFS: mkfdmn UFS: newfs MFS: mfs |
newfs mkfs |
bb mkfs labelit |
create filesystem |
file system debugging and recovery | dfsck fsck fsdb |
fsck fsdb |
fsck fsdb clri |
fsck fsdb |
fsck fsdb clri xfs_repair |
fsck debugfs e2undel |
fsck fsdb clri |
? | fsck fsdb clri |
fsck fsdb clri |
? | fsck fsdb |
fsck fsdb clri |
? | ? | ? | ? | file system debugging and recovery |
create non-0-length empty file | lmktemp | ? | truncate -s size[K|M|G] filename dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=size[b|k|m|g] \ count=desired |
prealloc | mkfile | dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1024k count=desired |
mkfile dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1024 count=desired |
dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1024 count=desired |
dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1m count=desired | dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1024k count=desired | mkfile dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1k |
dd if=/dev/zero of=filenmae bs=1024 count=desired | mkfile | mkfile | dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1024k count=desired | ? | ? | create non-0-length empty file |
mount CDROM |
mount -v cdrfs -o ro smitty cdrom |
mount -t cdrom /dev/pdsk/disk/cdrom |
mount /cdrom mount_cd9660 |
pfs_mountd mount -orr /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom (requires "Rock Ridge extension" patches, 11+) |
(see man mediad) (mounts automatically when CD inserted) |
mount /mnt/cdrom (deb) mount /cdrom |
(automatic — automounter) diskutil mount /dev/disk1s0 |
mount -F cdfs /dev/cdrom/cdromX /cdrom |
mount -t cd9660 -o ro /dev/cd0a path | mount -t cd9660 -r /dev/cd0a path | mount -F hs ... sysadm |
mount /dev/cd0 path | /etc/init.d/vold start; volcheck or mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s2 /cdrom |
mount -t hsfs -r /dev/sr0 /cdrom |
mount /dev/disk/cdromXa |
? | ? | mount CDROM |
eject CDROM | diskutil eject /dev/disk1s0 /Volumes/theCDmountpoint |
eject cdrom | eject CDROM | |||||||||||||||
create/mount ISO image | ? | ? | mdconfig; mount | nohup pfs_mountd&; nohup pfsd&; pfs_mount -t iso9660 -x unix pathToIso mountPoint |
? |
mkisofs mount -o loop pathToIso |
hdiutil | ? | makefs -t cd9660 image_file directory; vnconfig -c vnd0 image_file; mount -t cd9660 /dev/vnd0a |
mkhybrid -o image.iso dir vnconfig vnd0 image.iso && mount -t cd9660 /dev/vnd0c mountPoint |
? | ? |
mkisofs2;DEVICE=`lofiadm -a /absolute_pathname/image.iso` ; mount -F hsfs -o ro |
? | ? | ? | ? | create/mount ISO image |
ACL management | aclget aclput acledit ls -e |
? | getfacl setfacl {get,set}{f,p}mac |
lsacl chacl getacl setacl |
chacl (see man acl) |
getfacl setfacl |
fsaclctl | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | getfacl setfacl |
? | ? | ? | ? | ACL management |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
NFS share definitions | /etc/exports /etc/xtab |
/etc/exports | /etc/exports | /etc/exports | /etc/exports | /etc/exports | NetInfo: /exports Netinfo: /config/SharePoints |
/etc/dfs/dfstab dfshares |
/etc/exports | /etc/exports | /etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/sharetab |
/etc/exports | /etc/dfs/dfstab dfshares |
/etc/exports | /etc/exports | ? | /etc/exports | NFS share definitions |
NFS share command | exportfs -a | exportfs -a | kill -s HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid` | exportfs -a | exportfs -a | /etc/init.d/nfs-server reload (rh) exportfs -a |
kill -s HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid` | share shareall |
kill -s HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid` /etc/rc.d/mountd reload |
kill -HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid` | share shareall |
exportfs -a /etc/nfs start |
share shareall |
exportfs -a | /sbin/init.d/nfs start; /sbin/init.d/nfsmount start | ? | exportfs -a | NFS share command |
NFS information | nfsstat nfso -as |
nfsstat | nfsstat | nfsstat | mount | grep nfs | cat /proc/mounts | ? | ? | nfsstat | nfsstat | ? | showmount nfsstat |
showmount |
? | ? | ? | ? | NFS information |
name resolution order | /etc/netsvc.conf | /etc/netsvc.conf | /etc/host.conf (4-) /etc/nsswitch.conf (5+) |
/etc/nsswitch.conf | 6+: /etc/nsswitch.conf 5.3: /etc/resolv.conf |
/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf |
NetInfo | tcpconfig /etc/netconfig |
/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf (obsolete) |
/etc/resolv.conf | /etc/netconfig | /etc/resolv.conf | /etc/nsswitch.conf getent |
(hardcoded into libc) |
/etc/nsswitch.conf |
? | /etc/hosts.usenamed | name resolution order |
show network interface info | ifconfig -a no -a netstat -i netstat -v lsattr -E -l entX |
netstat -i ifconfig |
ifconfig -a | lanadmin landiag lanscan netstat -in ifconfig lanx |
ifconfig -a netstat -ia |
ifconfig ethtool |
ifconfig -a | ifconfig -a ildconfig netstat -in |
ifconfig -a netstat -in |
ifconfig -A | ifconfig -a inetstat -in etherstat cmxinfo |
ifconfig -a |
ndd ifconfig -a netstat -in (8+) kstat -n hme0 | egrep 'ifspeed|duplex' |
ifconfig -a |
ifconfig -a |
ifconfig | ifconfig -a netstat -in |
show network interface info |
change IP |
smitty chinet chdev -a netaddr= |
sysadm | edit /etc/rc.conf (option ifconfig_interfacename) ifconfig |
/sbin/set_parms initial ifconfig |
edit: /etc/{hosts, sys_id, resolv.conf, TIMEZONE}, /etc/config/ {static-route.options, ifconfig-1.options}; reboot |
(rh) redhat-config-network |
System Preferences: Network NetInfo |
ifconfig tcpconfig |
edit /etc/ifconfig.interface edit /etc/rc.conf (ifconfig*) |
edit /etc/hostname.driver | sysadm ifconfig (temp.) vi /etc/default/inet |
ifconfig netconfig |
edit: /etc/{resolv.conf, hosts, hostname.*, netmasks, nodename, sys-unconfig; reboot (this is overkill for a simple IP or hostname change) |
edit /etc/hosts /etc/hostname.* |
(4.x) netsetup (5.x) sysman net_wizard or netconfig |
? |
netconfig /etc/install/install |
change IP |
start DHCP client | ? | dhcpd | dhclient | ? | proclaim | dhcpcd | ? | ? | dhclient | ? | ? | ? | ifconfig interface dhcp | ? | ? | ? | ? | start DHCP client |
ping one packet | ping -c 1 hostname | ping -s -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping hostname 10 1 (9) ping hostname -n 1 (10+) |
ping -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping hostname packetsize 1 | ping hostname packetsize 1 |
ping -c 1 |
? | ping hostname | ping one packet |
sniff network | iptrace ipreport |
tcpdump | tcpdump |
nettl |
snoop tcpdump |
etherfind tcpdump ethereal etherape |
tcpdump | tcpdump |
tcpdump | tcpdump | tcpdump | ? | snoop | etherfind | tcpdump | ? | ? | sniff network |
route definitions | netstat -r smitty route |
sysadm | edit /etc/rc.conf (option defaultrouter) netstat -r route |
/etc/rc.config.d/netconf netstat -r |
/etc/config/ static-route.options |
route (rh) /etc/sysconfig/network (rh) /etc/sysconfig/static-routes (deb) /etc/init.d/network (deb) /etc/network |
netstat -r | tcpconfig /etc/inet/defaultrouter /etc/inet/gate* netstat -r |
netstat -r |
netstat -r route show |
netstat -r | netstat -r |
/etc/defaultrouter |
/etc/defaultrouter (kernel tweak or adb to diable forwarding) |
/etc/routes | ? | netstat -r | route definitions |
telnetd, ftpd banner | /etc/security/login.cfg | ? | /etc/ftpwelcome | /etc/inetd.conf (telnet) | /etc/issue | /etc/issue.net (telnet) (ftp varies; can use tcp wrappers) |
/etc/ftpwelcome | /etc/issue ~ftp/etc/issue ~ftp/etc/msgs/welcome |
/etc/motd /etc/ftpwelcome /etc/issue if enabled via if= in /etc/gettytab |
/etc/issue.net /etc/ftpwelcome |
/etc/issue | ? | /etc/default/telnetd /etc/default/ftpd |
n/a | /etc/issue | ? | /etc/issue /etc/motd |
telnetd, ftpd banner |
set date/time (from net: ntp or other) |
ntpdate | ? | ? | ntpdate | timeslave | ntpdate rdate netdate |
? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ntpdate rdate |
? | ntpdate | ? | ? | set date/time (from net: ntp or other) |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
encrypted passwords in | /etc/security/passwd | /etc/shadow | /etc/master.passwd | /etc/passwd (not Trusted) /.secure/etc/passwd (Trusted 9) /tcb/files/auth/ (10+) /etc/shadow (11.22+) |
/etc/shadow | /etc/shadow (may vary) | NetInfo | /etc/shadow | /etc/master.passwd (/etc/spwd.db) | /etc/master.passwd (/etc/pwd.db) | /etc/shadow | /etc/shadow | /etc/shadow | /etc/passwd | /tcb/files/auth (only with Enhanced Security) | /etc/shadow | /etc/udb | encrypted passwords in |
allow/deny root logins |
/etc/security/user | /etc/default/login | /etc/login.access; /etc/ttys |
/etc/securetty | /etc/default/login | /etc/securetty | /etc/ttys (doesn't affect ssh) | /etc/default/login | /etc/ttys | /etc/ttys | /etc/default/login | /dev/default/login | /etc/default/login | /dev/ttytab | /etc/securettys | /etc/securettys | udbrestrict -R | allow/deny root logins |
firewall config | ? | ? | ipfw ipf pf |
/etc/opt/ipf/ipf.conf | /etc/ipf.conf | iptables ipchains ipfwadm (rh) redhat-config- securitylevel |
Aqua / System Prefs / Sharing / Firewall ipfw |
? |
/etc/ipf.conf pfctl (3.0+) |
pfctl /etc/pf.conf |
? | ? | (9+) /usr/aset/ | ? | ? | ? | ? | firewall config |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
show installed software | lslpp -L | pkginfo | pkg_info ls /var/db/pkg |
rmfn, what (HP-UX 9) swlist (HP-UX 10+) |
versions |
(rh) rpm -a -i (rh) rpm -qa (rh) yum list installed (deb) dselect (deb) aptitude (deb) dpkg -l |
ls /Applications |
displaypkg pkginfo |
pkg_info | pkg_info | pkginfo -l sysadm |
swconfig (OpenServer 5) |
pkginfo prodreg admintool /var/sadm/install/contents |
? | setld -i | ? | ? | show installed software |
add software |
smitty install_all /usr/lib/instl/sm_inst |
sysadm | /stand/sysinstall /usr/ports make pkg_add portinstall (from /usr/ports) |
swinstall | inst swmgr |
(rh) rpm -hiv (rh) yum install pkg (deb) dselect (deb) apt-get install pkg (deb) dpkg -i |
installpkg drag-and-drop |
pkgadd pkgplus |
pkg_add /usr/pkgsrc && make |
pkg_add /usr/ports && make |
pkgadd sysadm |
custom |
pkgadd | ? | setld -l | ? | ? | add software |
precompiled binaries of GPLware and freeware | www-1.ibm.com/servers/ aix/products/aixos/linux/ download.html aixpdslib.seas.ucla.edu/ aixpdslib.html bullfreeware.com |
http://www.signal42.com/ xfree86/4.2.0/binaries/ DGUX-ix86/ |
ftp.freebsd.org/ pub/FreeBSD www.freebsd.org |
www.linux.org linux.tucows.com sourceforge.net rpmfind.net (deb) ftp.debian.org (deb) packages.debian.org |
? | ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/ NetBSD/packages |
ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/ pub/OpenBSD/<version>/ packages |
? | www.caldera.com/ skunkware |
www.sunfreeware.com www.blastwave.org |
? | www.tru64unix.compaq.com/ demos tpegsrvr.zk3.dec.com/ freeware/tbl_packages.html |
? | ? | precompiled binaries of GPLware and freeware | |||
C compiler | /usr/ibmcxx/bin/cc | /usr/sde/default/usr/bin/cc gcc |
/usr/bin/cc (gcc) | /opt/softbench/bin/cc ($) /bin/cc (9) /usr/bin/cc (10+; not necessarily ANSI; kernel builder only) |
/opt/MIPSpro/ bin/cc ($) /usr/bin/cc |
gcc | /usr/bin/cc (gcc) | /usr/bin/cc (Metaware) |
/usr/bin/cc (gcc) | /usr/bin/cc | /usr/bin/cc | /usr/bin/cc | /opt/SUNWspro/ bin/cc2 |
/usr/bin/cc | /usr/bin/cc | /usr/bin/cc | /opt/ctl/bin/cc | C compiler |
show patch level and/or patches |
instfix -ivq oslevel -r |
what /dgux | uname -a | swlist -l product | grep PHsomeString |
versions -b | grep patch (6.4-) |
(rh) rpm -q (rh) cat /proc/version (deb) dpkg -s |
sw_vers Apple:About This Mac ls /Library/Receipts uname -a lsbom cat /System/Library/ CoreServices/ SystemVersion.plist |
pkginfo -l | cat /kern/version uname -a /etc/release |
sysctl -n kern.version | uname -a pkginfo | grep EKS |
swconfig -P | showrev -p prodreg (2.6+) patchadd -p cat /etc/release |
showrev -p (if you're lucky) |
dupatch -track -type kit dupatch -track -type patch setld -i | grep patchname sizer -vB |
? | ? | show patch level and/or patches |
patch tool | installp smitty update_all |
dg_sysreport -p patches | (cvsup or cvs to update, then rebuild) |
update (9) swinstall (10+) |
inst swmgr |
apt-get update apt-get upgrade (rh) up2date (rh) yum update (mand) urpmi |
System Preferences / Software Update softwareupdate |
pkgadd pkgplus |
cvs patch |
cvs/CTM | pkgadd sysadm |
pkgadd; pkgrm | installpatch (2.5.1-) patchadd (2.6+) pkgadd; pkgrm /usr/sadm/bin/smpatch (9+) |
n/a | setld -i dupatch |
? | ? | patch tool |
configure/show runtime linking fortran-2000.com/ ArnaudRecipes/ sharedlib.html |
dump -H ldd |
? | ldd ldconfig kldstat |
chatr ldd (11+) kmadmin |
ldd rld _RLD_LIST |
ldconfig ldd lsmod |
otool -L | ldd ldconfig |
ldd nm ldconfig |
ldd ldconfig |
ldd | ? | crle ldd pldd modinfo LD_PRELOAD |
ldd | odump -Dl ldd |
? | ? | configure/show runtime linking fortran-2000.com/ ArnaudRecipes/ sharedlib.html |
link library path | $LIBPATH | $LIBPATH | $LD_LIBRARY_PATH | $LD_LIBRARY_PATH (64-bit) $SHLIB_PATH (32- or 64-bit) |
$LD_LIBRARY_PATH $RLD*_PATH |
$LD_LIBRARY_PATH /etc/ld.so.conf |
$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH |
$LD_LIBRARY_PATH | $LD_LIBRARY_PATH /etc/ld.so.conf |
? | $LD_LIBRARY_PATH | ? | $LD_LIBRARY_PATH (7+ deprecated in favor of crle) |
$LD_LIBRARY_PATH | $LD_LIBRARY_PATH | ? | $LDPATH | link library path |
tracing utility | trace syscalls truss watch |
?=dg_strace (>=4.20MU06) |
ktrace truss |
trace (freeware) tusc (11+, freeware) |
par prfstat |
strace |
ktrace; kdump fs_usage |
truss | ktrace ktruss kdump |
ktrace ptrace |
truss scstat |
truss |
truss |
trace | trace truss |
? | cdbx jumptrace |
tracing utility |
define user defaults | /etc/security/ mkuser.default /etc/environment |
admuser -o set | /etc/login.conf | /etc/default /etc/PATH /etc/MANPATH /etc/default/* |
/etc/default/login |
/etc/profile /etc/security/ /etc/skel/ |
/usr/bin/defaults | /etc/default/login /etc/profile /etc/security/ |
/etc/profile /etc/skel/* login.conf |
/etc/profile |
/etc/default/login /etc/profile $HOME/.profile |
? | /etc/default/login /etc/profile /etc/security/ |
/etc/profile | /etc/skel /etc/profile |
/etc/skel /etc/profile |
udbgen nu scripts |
define user defaults |
csh global .login | ? | ? | /etc/csh.login | /etc/csh.login | /etc/cshrc | /etc/csh.login | /etc/csh.login | /etc/.login | /etc/csh.login | /etc/csh.login | ? | ? | /etc/.login | ? | /etc/csh.login | ? | /etc/login | csh global .login |
default syslog and messages | /var/adm/syslog /var/adm/messages |
/var/adm/messages | /var/log/messages | /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log /var/adm/sulog /var/spool/mqueue/syslog |
/var/adm/SYSLOG /var/adm/sulog |
/var/log/syslog /var/log/messages /usr/adm/messages /var/log/maillog |
/var/log/system.log | /var/adm/streams /var/adm/usererr /etc/.osm |
/var/log/messages | /var/log/messages | /var/adm/log/messages | /usr/adm/syslog /var/adm/log/osmlog |
/var/adm/messages /var/log/syslog |
/var/adm/messages /var/log/syslog (sendmail) |
(4.x+) /var/adm/messages /var/adm/syslog.dated (kern, auth, daemon, lpr, syslog, user) /var/adm/binary.errlog |
/var/adm/messages /var/adm/syslog.dated (kern, auth, daemon, lpr, syslog, user) /var/adm/binary.errlog |
/usr/adm/messages | default syslog and messages |
system error reporting tool | errpt | admsyslog -o report | dmesg send-pr |
dmesg sysdiag (9 and early10) stm/cstm/mstm/xstm (10.20+) EMS (from support CD) |
sysmon amsyslog availmon eventmond imdmonitor syserrpanel |
dmesg (deb) reportbug |
Console /var/log/crash.log, dmesg |
odm errpt |
dmesg cat /kern/msgbuf |
dmesg | sysadm log3 WebSysAdmin |
dmesg | prtdiag | dmesg | (4.x) uerf; dia (DECevent) (5.x) (System errors) EVM (evmget; evmshow) (Hardware errors) dia; ca (Compqaq analyze) |
uerf | errpt | system error reporting tool |
performance monitoring |
ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/ vmstat; iostat; sar; filemon; topas; trace; svmon; netpmon |
sar netstat uustat |
fstat; nfsstat; systat; vmstat; netstat; uustat; top; iostat | top; sar; vmstat; iostat; nfsstat; netstat; uustat; Glance($) |
pcp; dkstat; pmkstat; sar; osview; gr_osview; ecstats; linkstat; netstat; nfsstat; nfsvis; nodevis; routervis; nstats; top |
vmstat procinfo -D |
vm_stat; nfsstat; fs_usage; sc_usage; top Activity Monitor (10.3+) Process Viewer (10.2-) |
sar; pinfo -v; modstat; netstat; nfsstat; pppstat; smtpstat; snmpstat; uustat; top |
iostat; netstat; systat; vmstat |
iostat; pstat; systat; vmstat |
vmstat; mpstat; dkstat; sar; netstat; scstat |
sar |
sar; iostat; kstat; |
iostat; netstat; vmstat | iostat; nfsstat; vmstat /usr/opt/sv4b/bin/sar |
iostat; nfsstat; vmstat /usr/opt/sv4b/bin/sar |
sar; xsar; tsar; xsam; |
performance monitoring |
match process to file or port | procfiles (5.2+, files only) | fuser | lsof sockstat |
lsof fuser |
fuser | lsof netstat -atup |
lsof | fuser | fstat | fstat | fuser | ? | fuser lsof2 pfiles |
? | ? | ? | ? | match process to file or port |
X pop-up | /usr/dt/bin/dterror.ds | ? | ? | /usr/dt/bin/dterror.ds | /usr/bin/X11/xconfirm | /usr/X11R6/bin/xmessage | osascript -e 'tell application "Finder" to display dialog "msg"' | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | /usr/dt/bin/dterror.ds | ? | ? | ? | ? | X pop-up |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
FAQs (see also faqs.org) | www.faqs.org/faqs/ aix-faq/part1/ preamble.html |
www-csc.dg.com/csc/ dguxfaqs1.asp |
www.freebsd.org/doc/ en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq |
www.faqs.org/faqs/ hp/hpux-faq/preamble.html |
techpubs.sgi.com/library/ tpl/cgi-bin/browse.cgi?coll=0650 &db=FAQ |
? | www.netbsd.org/ Documentation |
www.openbsd.org/faq | ? | pcunix.com/SCOFAQ/ | www.faqs.org/faqs/Solaris2/ FAQ/ www.faqs.org/faqs/Solaris2/ x86/FAQ/ www.stokely.com/ unix.sysadm.resources/ faqs.sun.html sunhelp.org |
www.faqs.org/faqs/ comp-sys-sun-faq/ |
www2.tru64.org/faq/ tru64_faq.php |
www.supelec.fr/decus/ faq/faq-ultrix.html |
www.spikynorman .net |
FAQs (see also faqs.org) | ||
mailing list | AIX-L@pucc. princeton.edu (LISTSERV) |
? | www.freebsd.org/ handbook/ eresources.html #ERESOURCES-MAIL |
hpux-admin@ dutchworks.nl (majordomo) |
? | lists.apple.com | ? | www.netbsd.org/ MailingLists |
www.openbsd.org/ mail.html |
? | ? | sun-managers@sunmanagers .org (majordomo) |
sun-managers@ sunmanagers .ececs.uc.edu (majordomo) |
tru64-unix-man agers@ornl.gov (majordomo) http://www.ornl.gov/its/archives/ mailing-lists/ |
decstation-man agers@ornl.gov (majordomo) |
? | mailing list | |
mailing list archives | ? | www.freebsd. org/ search.html# mailinglists |
www.dutch works.nl/ htbin/hpsysadmin |
? | www.linuxmanagers.org/ pipermail/linuxmanagers lists.debian.org |
lists.apple.com | ? | www.netbsd.org/ MailingLists |
www.openbsd.org/ mail.html |
? | ? | www.latech. edu/sunman.html |
www-archive. ornl.gov:8000 |
www-archive. ornl. gov:8000 |
? | mailing list archives | ||
man pages |
publib.boulder.ibm.com/ infocenter/pseries/ v5r3/index.jsp? topic=/com.ibm.aix.doc/ infocenter/base/ alphabeticallistofcommands.htm |
? | www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi |
docs.hp.com/en/hpuxman_pages.html hpuxman_pages.html |
techpubs.sgi.com/ library/tpl/cgi-bin/browse.cgi? coll=&db=man |
Fedora Core 4: |
? | ? | ? | www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi | ? | uw714doc.sco.com/en/Navpages/ | docs.sun.com/ app/docs/ coll/40.10 |
? | ? | ? | ? |
man pages |
newsgroup(s) and forums groups.google |
comp.unix.aix www.thp.uni-duisburg.de/ cuaix/cuaix.html |
comp.os.aos | comp.unix.bsd freebsd.misc |
comp.sys.hp.hpux | comp.sys.sgi.admin | comp.os.linux.* (esp .answers) | comp.sys.mac.* | comp.sys.ncr | comp.unix.bsd. netbsd.misc |
comp.unix.bsd. openbsd.misc lucky.openbsd.misc |
de.comp.os.unix.sinix | comp.unix.sco.misc | comp.sys.sun. admin, comp.unix.solaris |
comp.sys.sun admin |
comp.sys.dec, comp.unix.tru64 | comp.unix.ultrix | comp.unix.cray |
newsgroup(s) and forums |
user groups | www.userblue.org | ? | www.freebsd.org/ support.html#user |
www.interex.org | ? | www.debianhelp.org | www.apple.com/ usergroups www.omnigroup.com/ developer/mailinglists www.themacintoshguy. com/lists/X.html |
? | www.netbsd.org/gallery/ groups.html |
undeadly.org | ? | ? | ? | ? | Encompass/DECUS | ? | www.cug.org www.excray.com |
user groups |
magazines | ? | www.daemonews.com | www.hpchronicle.com www.interex.org/hpuxusr www.hppro.com |
www.sgi.com/support/ pipeline.html |
www.linuxjournal.com www.linux-mag.com www.debianplanet.org |
www.macworld.com www.stepwise.com |
? | www.daemonnews.com | undeadly.org | ? | ? | www.sunworld.com sun.com/sun-on-net/itworld |
? | www.tru64.org | ? | ? | magazines | |
vendor home page | www.developer.ibm.com/ tech/map/aixrm.html |
www.freebsd.org | unix.hp.com | www.sgi.com/software/ software.html#IRIX |
www.linux.org www.redhat.com www.debian.org |
www.apple.com | ncr.com teradata.com |
www.netbsd.org | www.openbsd.org | www.fujistu-siemens.com | www.caldera.com/ products/openunix |
sun.com/solaris sun.com/bigadmin sun.com/developers/support soldc.sun.com access1.sun.com |
? | www.tru64unix .compaq.com |
www.supelec.fr/decus/ faq/faq-ultrix.html |
www.cray.com | vendor home page | |
vendor docs and patches (see also man pages) | www-csc.dg.com/csc/ custdocsasp/ custdocs2.asp? category=069docs.asp |
www.freebsd.org/handbook www.freebsd.org/releases/ 4.0R/errata.html |
techpubs.sgi.com |
developer.apple.com/ |
www.info.ncr.com/ eCRM- OSHW-Browse By-Results.cfm ?pl=&PID=&title= &release= &pl=Software %20-%20 MP-RAS&sbrn=3 |
www.netbsd.org/ Security |
www.openbsd.org/ docum.html www.openbsd.org/ errata.html |
service.fujitsu-siemens .com its.siemens.com/lobs/its/ its_sc/eks_en/unix_en.htm |
www.caldera.com/support | docs.sun.com sunsolve.sun.com |
? | www.tru64unix .compaq.com/docs |
N/A (EOL) | www.cray.com/ craydoc |
vendor docs and patches (see also man pages) | |||
vendor phone (US) | AIX: 800-237-5511 IBM hardware: 800-426-7378 |
? | 925-674-0783 (FreeBSD Mall) |
800-633-3600 | 800-800-4SGI | ? | 1-800-MY-APPLE | ? | ? | ? | (Germany) +49-5251-80 |
? | 800-USA-4SUN | ? | 800-344-4825 | 800-344-4825 | ? | vendor phone (US) |
TASK / OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux | Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare | Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 (Digital Unix, OSF/1) (4) 4.0F/G (5) 5.0A |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS \ TASK |
Footnotes
1. In System V-based Unixes, run level relates to booting, shutdown, and single-user mode. In BSD, it has to do with security.
2. Freeware or separately downloadable; not part of the base OS. See the precompiled binaries task or web search.
자료출처: http://bhami.com/rosetta.html