[성문기초영어]가정법

[suleja]

제16장   가정법 (Subjunctive Mood)///

1. 법(法)의 종류
(1) 직설법- 어떤 사실을 그대로 표현하는 방법으로서 평서문, 의문문, 감탄문을 포함한다.
ex) I go to school by bus every day.
We don't think that he is honest.
I am sorry I can't swim well.

(2) 명령법- 상대방에게 명령 요구 금지 등을 나타낸다.
ex) Go to school on foot.
Let me go to help him.
= I will go to help him.

1) 명령문,
and- = If you-, (-하여라, 그러면)
ex) Get up early, and you will be in time for the first train.
= If you get up early, you will be -.

2) 명령문,
or = If you do not-, (하여라 ,그렇지 않으면)
ex) Work hard, or you will fail.
= If you don't work hard, you will fail.
= Unless you work hard, you will fail.

(3) 가정법- 사실과 반대되는 것을 가정하거나 상상하는 경우
ex) If I were a bird, I could fly to her.
= As I am not a bird, I can't fly to her.

2. 가정법의 종류

1) 가정법 현재- 현재 혹은 미래에 대한 단순한 가정이나 불확실한 상상을 나타내며, 조건절의 동사는 원형을 쓰는 것이 원칙이지만 현대 영어에서는 직설법을 쓰는 것이 정상이다.
* 조건절(종속절) 만일--한다면 : If---원형(혹은 현재형)
* 귀결절(주절)--할 것이다. - ---shall(will) + 원형
If he come (or comes), I will go there with him.

(2) 가정법 미래- 현재나 미래에 대한 강한 의심이나 있을 수 없는 일에 대한 강한 가정.
* 조건절(종속절) 만일--한다면
  If---should  -+ + 원형
  If---were to  -+ + 원형
* 귀결절(주절)--할 것이다.
---would(will)   -+ + 원형
---should(shall) -+ + 원형

1) 조건절에 should를 쓰는 경우:
미래에 대한 강한 의심을 나타낸다.
ex) If it should rain tomorrow, the party would not be held.

2) were to를 쓰는 경우:
미래에 실현이 불가능한 일을 상상할 때.
ex) If I were to be young again,
I would go to Saudi Arabia.
If the sun were to rise in the west,
I would not break my word.

(3) 가정법 과거- 현재의 사실에 반대되는 것을 가정할 때
* (조건절)--한다면 : If---were, 혹은 과거형
* (귀결절)-하겠는데 : -would, should, could, might + 원형
ex) If I were rich, I could buy a car.
As I am not rich, I cannot buy a car.
If I knew his address, I could write to him.
As I don't know his address, I cannot write to him.

(4) 가정법 과거완료
- 과거의 사실에 반대되는 일을 가정하는 경우
* (조건절)만일--하였다면 :
If---had + p.p.(과거분사)
* (귀결절)-했을 텐데 :
-would, should, could, might + have + p.p.
ex) If he had worked harder, he could have succeeded.
= He didn't work hard, so he could not succeed.
If it had been fine, we would have gone on a picnic.
= As it was not fine, we didn't go on a picnic.

3. 특별한 형식의 가정법

(1) I wish + 가정법
- 실현할 수 없는 소원
1) I wish + 가정법 과거: 현재에 이룰 수 없는 원망. [-하면 좋을 텐데]
ex) I wish it were true. = I am sorry it is not true.

2) I wish + 가정법 과거완료: 과거에 이루지 못한 원망을 나타냄. [-하였더라면 좋았을 텐데]
ex) I wish I had bought the book.
= I am sorry I did not buy the book.

(2) as if(or though) + 가정법: 현재나 과거의 사실에 반대되는 일을 가정하는 것. [마치--처럼]
1) as if + 가정법 과거: [마치--처럼]
ex) He talks as if he knew the fact.
= In fact he doesn't know the fact.

2) as if + 가정법 과거완료
: [마치 --했던 것처럼]
ex) He talked as if he had heard the news.
= In fact he didn't here the news.

(3) If it were not for-
- [이 없다면] (가정법 과거)
If it had not been for
- [이 없었다면] (가정법 과거완료)
ex) If it were not for your help,
I should be in trouble.
If it had not been the umbrella,
I would have gotten wet.
* If it were not for-, If it had not been for- 대신에 But for 또는 Without을 쓸 수 있다.
ex) But for(or Without) your help, he would fail.
= If it were not for your help, he would fail.
But for(or Without) your help, I should have failed.
= It it had not been for your help, I should have failed.

* 문장의 전후로 보아 조건절이 생략되는 경우도 있다.
ex) Breathing would be difficult for you on a high mountain.
= If you were on a high mountain, breathing would be difficult.
A wise boy would not say so.
= If he were a wise boy, he would not say so.

[새벽이슬]

좋은 게시물이네요. 스크랩 해갈게요~^^