Re: 2천년의 역사를 가진 '상황버섯' 효과, 발효후 효과 탐구!! 2016년

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Traditional uses, fermentation, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Phellinus linteus A review.pdf

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Volume 113, September 2016, Pages 6-26

Review

Traditional uses, fermentation, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Phellinus linteus: A review

Author links open overlay panelHua Chen 1, Ting Tian 1, Hua Miao, Ying-Yong Zhao

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Abstract

Medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus (“Sanghuang” in Chinese, 桑黄) is a famous fungus which is widely used in China, Korea, and other Asian countries. As a traditional Chinese medicine with a 2000-year long history, medicinal applications of Phellinus linteus mainly include treating hemorrhage, hemostasis and diseases related to female menstruation according to Chinese clinical empirical practice. A number of studies reported Phellinus linteus possessed good therapeutic effects on various ailments including tumor, diabetes, inflammation, obesity, etc. The present paper comprehensively reviewed the traditional uses, fermentation, constituent and pharmacology of Phellinus linteus based on scientific literature as well as critical analysis of the research. This review aimed to provide latest information and new foundations and directions for further investigations on Phellinus linteus. All available information about Phellinus linteus was supplied by library database and electronic search (CNKI, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, etc.). Some local and ancient books as well as brilliant scholars were also important information resources. Improvement of fermentation techniques promoted the production of Phellinus linteus. Studies of constituents showed the main chemical composition of Phellinus linteus included polysaccharides, flavones, triterpenes, aromatic acids, amino acids, etc. and polysaccharides were found to account for the largest proportion. Pharmacological researches revealed Phellinus linteus possessed a variety of biological activities including anti-cancer, immuno-regulation, anti-diabetes, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. Based on these summarized information, this review was presented to provide helpful references and beneficial directions for future studies of Phellinus linteus.

초록

약용 버섯 Phellinus linteus (중국어 명칭: “Sanghuang”, 桑黄)는

중국, 한국 및 기타 아시아 국가에서 널리 사용되는 유명한 버섯입니다.

2,000년 이상의 역사를 가진 전통 중국 의학 재료로,

Phellinus linteus의 약용 효과는

중국 임상 경험에 따라 출혈, 지혈 및 여성 월경 관련 질환 치료에 주로 사용됩니다.

여러 연구에서 Phellinus linteus가

종양, 당뇨병, 염증, 비만 등 다양한 질환에 대한 우수한 치료 효과를 나타낸다는 보고가 있습니다.

본 연구는 과학 문헌 및 연구 결과의 비판적 분석을 바탕으로

Phellinus linteus의

전통적 용도,

발효,

구성 성분 및 약리학을 종합적으로 검토했습니다.

이 검토는

Phellinus linteus에 대한 추가 연구를 위한 최신 정보와 새로운 기반 및 방향을 제공하기 위해 수행되었습니다.

Phellinus linteus에 대한 모든 가용 정보는

도서관 데이터베이스 및 전자 검색(CNKI, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed 등)을

통해 수집되었습니다.

일부 지역 및 고전 서적과 뛰어난 학자들의 연구도

중요한 정보 자료로 활용되었습니다.

발효 기술의 개선은

Phellinus linteus의 생산을 촉진했습니다.

성분 연구 결과, Phellinus linteus의 주요 화학 성분은

다당류, 플라보노이드, 트리테르펜, 향기산, 아미노산 등이며,

다당류가 가장 큰 비율을 차지하는 것으로 확인되었습니다.

약리학적 연구 결과,

Phellinus linteus는 항암, 면역 조절, 항당뇨, 항산화, 항염증 등

다양한 생물학적 활성을 갖는 것으로 밝혀졌습니다.

이러한 요약된 정보를 바탕으로,

본 리뷰는 Phellinus linteus에 대한 향후 연구에 유용한

참고 자료와 유익한 방향을 제공하기 위해 작성되었습니다.

Graphical abstract

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Introduction

Medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus (‘Sanghuang’ in Chinese, ‘meshimakobu’ in Japanese and abbreviated as PL) is a perennial fungus, which belongs to Phellinus Quel., Hymenochaetaceae, Aphyllophorales, Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycotas. Fig. 1 shows medicinal materials of PL and the plant PL grew on. In east Asia, eight taxa were distributed involving Inonotus baumii (Pilát) T. Wagner & M. Fisch., Inonotus lonicericola (Parmasto) Y. C. Dai, Inonotus lonicerinus (Bondartsev) Sheng H. Wu, Y. C. Dai & T. Hatt., Inonotus sanghuang Sheng H. Wu, T. Hatt. & Y. C. Dai, Inonotus vaninii (Ljub.) T. Wagner & M. Fisch., Inonotus weigelae T. Hatt. & S. H. Wu, Inonotus alpinus Y. C. Dai & X. M. Tian and Inonotus zonatus Y. C. Dai & X. M. Tian [1]. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) PL is the dried fruiting body of PL named by parasitizing on the trunk of Morus alba L., Morus Moraceae, which was mainly distributed in China, Japan, Mongolia, Korea and some other Asian countries as well as America and Africa. It can also parasitize on other plants like Populus, Salix babylonica L., Betula, etc. As an excellent and precious medicinal fungus, PL has been widely used as health booster and ancient herbal medicine in East Asian countries, especially in Korea, China and Japan.

PL is a famous medicinal polypore used throughout China, Japan, and Korea with a long history. Its first medicinal usage was recorded in an oldest Chinese medicinal book Shennong's compendium of materia medica written by ‘sanger’ (ear of Morus alba L.) in Han dynasty 2000 years ago [2]. Dated back to the beginning of the 20th century, the earliest record of the “meshimakobu” in Japan appeared based on specimens identified as Fomes yucatanensis (Murrill) Saccardo & D. Saccardo or Fomes rimosus (Berk.) Cooke [3]. The species was named as Phellinus yucatanensis (Murrill) Imazeki or Phellinus linteus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Teng after 1943 [4] and as Phellinus linteus in recent decades in Japan [5]. PL, “Sangwhang” in Korean, has been used and prized for its medicinal properties in Korea [6]. The Characters of Drugs written by Quan Zhen in the early Tang Dynasty described the medical applications of PL, which was mainly used for hemorrhage, hemostasis and some diseases associated with female menstruation [7]. PL has been also recorded in many other Chinese medical books, as the world's earliest pharmacopoeia issued by the Tang government New compendium of Materia Medica[8], the famous Chinese Compendium of Materia Medica written by Shi-Zhen Li in the Ming Dynasty [9], and the Flora Fungorum Sinicorum[10]. It was an edible fungus with diuresis and hemostasis as well as improvement of internal organs described in Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine[11]. Medicinal Fungus of China recorded that Phellinus igniarius, Phellinus linteus, and Phellinus baumii were all collectively called “Sanghuang”, and it was a rare medicinal fungus exhibiting cytotoxicity, apoptosis, hepatoprotective effect, immuno-regulation and hypoglycemic effect [12]. According to traditional applications and empirical practice, PL has various pharmacological activities including regulating blood glucose, improving blood circulation, hepatoprotecting and enhancing immunologic function, etc. Also, PL has been experimentally demonstrated to possess antitumor, immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-diabetic activities [13], [14], [15], [16], [17].

This review summarized the traditional uses, fermentation, phytochemistry and pharmacology of PL by referring to the published data retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar, CNKI, etc. The current achievements, the next specific research challenges and scientific gaps of PL were analyzed and commented as well. The aim of this review is to provide a reference and enlightment for future investigations comprehensively and highlight the importance of PL as well as its utilization and exploitation.

소개
약용 버섯 Phellinus linteus(중국어: ‘Sanghuang’, 일본어: ‘meshimakobu’, 약칭 PL)는 Phellinus Quel., Hymenochaetaceae, Aphyllophorales, Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycotas에 속하는 

다년생 곰팡이입니다. 

그림 1은 

PL의 약용 재료와 PL이 자란 식물을 보여줍니다. 

동아시아에서는 8개의 분류군이 분포하며,

 이 중는 Inonotus baumii (Pilát) T. Wagner & M. Fisch., Inonotus lonicericola (Parmasto) Y. C. Dai, Inonotus lonicerinus (Bondartsev) Sheng H. Wu, Y. C. Dai & T. Hatt., Inonotus sanghuang Sheng H. Wu, T. Hatt. & Y. C. Dai, Inonotus vaninii (Ljub.) T. Wagner & M. Fisch., Inonotus weigelae T. Hatt. & S. H. Wu, Inonotus alpinus Y. C. Dai & X. M. Tian 및 Inonotus zonatus Y. C. Dai & X. M. Tian [1].

전통 중국 의학 (TCM) PL은 Morus alba L., Morus Moraceae의 줄기에 기생하여 형성된

건조된 자실체로,

주로 중국, 일본, 몽골, 한국 및 기타 아시아 국가뿐만 아니라

미국과 아프리카에서도 분포합니다.

fresh fruiting body --> dried fruiting body

또한 Populus, Salix babylonica L., Betula 등

다른 식물에도 기생할 수 있습니다.

우수한 약용 버섯으로 알려진 PL은

동아시아 국가, 특히 한국, 중국, 일본에서 건강 증진제 및 전통 한약재로

널리 사용되어 왔습니다.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) PL is the dried fruiting body of PL named by parasitizing on the trunk of Morus alba L., Morus Moraceae, which was mainly distributed in China, Japan, Mongolia, Korea and some other Asian countries as well as America and Africa.

 PL has been widely used as health booster and ancient herbal medicine in East Asian countries, especially in Korea, China and Japan.

PL은 

중국, 일본, 한국에서 오랜 역사를 가진 유명한 

약용 다공균입니다. 

PL is a famous medicinal polypore used

throughout China, Japan, and Korea with a long history. 

그 첫 번째 약용 기록은 한나라 시대(약 2,000년 전)에 ‘

산거’(Morus alba L.의 잎)로 기록된 가장 오래된 중국 약학 서적 

《신농본초경》에 수록되었습니다[2]. 

20세기 초반으로 거슬러 올라가면, 

일본에서 '메시마코부'라는 이름으로 기록된 가장 오래된 기록은 

Fomes yucatanensis (Murrill) Saccardo & D. Saccardo 또는 Fomes rimosus (Berk.) Cooke로 

식별된 표본을 기반으로 합니다[3]. 

이 종은 1943년 이후 

Phellinus yucatanensis (Murrill) Imazeki 또는 Phellinus linteus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Teng으로 명명되었으며 [4], 

최근 수십 년간 일본에서는 Phellinus linteus로 불리고 있습니다 [5]. 

PL, 한국어로 “상황”으로 알려진 이 약재는 

한국에서 약용 성분으로 사용되고 귀중하게 여겨져 왔습니다 [6]. 

당나라 초기 관진이 저술한 《약물 특성》에는 

PL의 약용 효과가 기록되어 있으며, 

주로 출혈, 지혈 및 여성 월경과 관련된 질환에 사용되었습니다 [7]. 

PL은 

당나라 정부가 발행한 세계 최초의 약전인 《신약전》[8], 

명나라의 리 시젬이 저술한 유명한 약전 《신약전》[9], 

《중국 약용 균류 도감》[10] 등 많은 중국 의학 서적에 기록되어 있습니다. 

《전통 중국 의학 사전》[11]에는 이 약재가 

이뇨, 지혈 및 내장 기능 개선 효과를 가진 식용 버섯으로 기록되어 있습니다. 

《중국 약용 버섯》에는 

Phellinus igniarius, Phellinus linteus, Phellinus baumii가 모두 '상황'으로 통칭되며, 

세포 독성, 세포 사멸, 간 보호 효과, 면역 조절 및 혈당 강하 효과를 보이는 

희귀 약용 버섯으로 기록되어 있습니다[12]. 

전통적인 용도와 경험적 실천에 따르면, 

PL은 혈당 조절, 혈액 순환 개선, 간 보호, 면역 기능 강화 등 

다양한 약리학적 활동을 나타냅니다. 

또한 PL은 실험적으로 

항종양, 면역 조절, 항염증, 항산화, 항고지혈증 및 항당뇨 활성을 갖는 것으로 

입증되었습니다[13], [14], [15], [16], [17].

이 리뷰는 PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI 등에서 검색된 출판된 데이터를 참고하여 PL의 전통적 용도, 발효, 식물 화학 및 약리학을 요약했습니다. 현재의 성과, 향후 구체적인 연구 과제 및 과학적 공백도 분석하고 논평했습니다. 이 리뷰의 목적은 미래 연구에 포괄적인 참고 자료와 통찰을 제공하며, PL의 중요성 및 활용과 개발을 강조하는 것입니다.

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Section snippetsFermentation

Although PL is an excellent medicinal mushroom with a variety of bioactivities and is widely used in East Asia, the wild resources of PL are scarce and limited, which advocates artificial cultivation to improve the production. As thus, fermentation of PL is of great significance and value to promote the exploitation and utilization. To satisfy different popurses and requirements, a large number of recnet studies were conducted to optimize the conditions to find out suitable physiological

Phytochemistry

In the past several decades, a large number of chemical constituents have been isolated and obtained from PL. As is reported, polysaccharides are the main chemical components and primary antitumor active components of PL. Some other classes are also contained including flavones, coumarins, ergosterols, agaricic acids, fatty acids, triterpenes, aromatic acids, amino acids, xylose oxidases, urease, catalases, esterases, sucrases, lactase cellulase enzymes, etc. [30], [31]. Polysaccharides,

Antitumor activities

In general, antitumor is recognized as the most important bioactivity of PL and PL is verified as an effective anti-cancer medicine by lots of pharmacological experimental studies. In 1968, Ikekaw et al. [100] firstly discovered that the extract from the fruiting bodies of PL could obviously inhibit mouse sarcoma cells (S180) at a rate of 96.7%. Numerous investigations indicated that polysaccharides were the main components to exert antitumor effect in PL [101]. Besides, other extracts of PL

Conclusion

PL is a well-known medicinal fungus and has been extensively used in China, Japan and Korea, etc. It has been conventionally used to improve circulation of blood, hemostasis and the diseases related female menstruation for several centuries. Modern pharmacological studies demonstrated PL was a potential candidate drug for antitumor. A diversity of bioactivities of PL in vitro and in vivo were found, including anti-cancer, immuno-regulation, anti-diabetes, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, etc. 

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Program for the New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-13-0954) and the Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRT1174) from Ministry of Education of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. J1210063, 81202909, 81274025, 81001622), the project “As a Major New Drug to Create a Major National Science and Technology Special” (No. 2014ZX09304307-002), the Key Program for the International S & T