practice

[John]

문법 해설 (14) gerund

A. 괄호 안에서 맞는 것을 골라라.

   (1)  Have you finished ( to write,  writing,  written ) a letter?

   (2)  All the family were busy ( to do, doing ) their various tasks.

   (3)  Would you mind ( to go, going ) with us?

   (4)  You must stop ( thinking, to think ) before you act.

   (5)  Please remember ( to call, calling ) on me again.

    1.  writing.  편지를 다 썼느냐?    

    2.  doing. 가족 전원이 여러 가지 일들을 하느라고 바쁘다.

    3.  going.   우리와 함께 가시지 않겠습니까? 

    4.  thinking. 너는 행동하기 전에 곰곰이 생각해야 한다.

    5.  to call.  잊지 말고 저를 다시 찾아 주세요.

   (6)  I am used to ( walk, walking ) to and from school.

   (7)  I am looking forward to ( see, seeing ) you again.

   (8)  I felt like ( to cry, crying ) at the miserable sight.

   (9)  ( At, In, On ) finding the news true, she began to cry.

  (10)  This pencil needs (sharpening, to sharpen ).

   6.  walking.     나는 걸어서 학교 다니는 데에 익숙하다.  

   7.  seeing      다시 만나 뵈기를 기대하겠습니다. 

   8.  crying      비참한 광경에 울고 싶은 심정이었다. 

   9.  On         그 소식이 사실이라는 것을 알자 나는 울기 시작했다.

  10.  sharpening  연필을 깎아야 겠다.  

B.  각 문장의 틀린 부분을 고쳐라.

   (1)  He insisted to go for a drive.             

   (2)  The rain prevented me to go to the party.

   (3)  Unless you two stop to fight, I'll call in the police.

   (4)  I hope seeing you again.                  

   (5)  I don't pretend being an artist.

    1.  He insisted on going for a drive.          *  그는 드라이브하러 나가자고 우겼다.

    2.  The rain prevented me from going to the party.  비 때문에 나는 그 파티에 나갈 수 없었다.

    3.  Unless you two stop fighting, I'll call in the police. 

        *  당신들 두 사람이 싸움을 그치지 않는다면, 나는 경찰을 불러 들여야 겠다.

    4.  I hope to see you again.                  *  당신을 다시 만나 뵙기를 바랍니다.

    5.  I don't pretend to be an  artist.         *  나는 예술가인 체 하지 않습니다.      

   (6)  I remember to see him before.

   (7)  Are you sure of he will come?

   (8)  My father enjoyed to read detective novels.

   (9)  No one has ever succeeded to explain this phenomenon.

  (10)  It is no good to try to cheat me.

    6.  I remember seeing him before.         *  나는 전에 그를 보았던 것을 기억하고 있다.

    7.  Are you sure of his coming?             *  당신은 그가 올 거라고 확신합니까?

    8.  My father enjoyed reading detective novels. *  아버님께서는 탐정소설 읽는 것을 지키셨다.

    9.  No one has ever succeeded in explaining this phenomenon.

        *  지금까지 이 현상을 설명하는데 성공한 사람은 아무도 없다.

   10.  It is no good to trying to cheat me. (= It is no use to 부정사)  

        *  나를 속이려 봐야 소용없다.

  (11)  Exercise strengthens instead of weakens the body.

  (12)  She came near to be drowned.

  (13)  I objected to be treated like that.

  (14)  I don't care running the risk.

  (15)  She devoted herself to look after him.

   11.  Exercise strengthens instead of weaking the body.

        *  운동은 몸을 약하게 하는 대신에 튼튼하게 한다.

   12.  She came near being drowned. (=nearly escape ~ing) *  그녀는 하마터면 익사할 뻔 했다.

   13.  I objected to being treated like that.         *  나는 그처럼 대우 받는 것을 반대했다.

   14.  I don't care to run the risk.                  *  나는 그 모험을 하고 싶지 않다.

   15.  She devoted herself to looking after him. (=dedicate)  * 그녀는 그를 돌보는데 헌신했다.  

  (16)  You will have to speak a little louder. He is hard to hear.

  (17)  He is above to do such a mean thing.

  (18)  I never see you without think of my brother. 

  (19)  He regrets being not able to help me.  

   16.  You will have to speak a little louder. He is hard of hearing.

   17.  He is above doing such a mean thing.      *  그는 그런 야비한 짓을 할 사람이 아니다.

   18.  I never see you without thinking of my brother.

        *  나는 너를 보기만 하면 꼭 내 동생이 생각난다.

   19.  He regrets not being able to help me.

        *  그는 나를 도와줄 수 없는 것을 유감스럽게 생각한다.

C.  다음의 ~ ing로 끝나는 말은 분사 (P) 인가, 동명사 (G)인가?

  (1)   a sleeping baby.           = a baby who is sleeping. ......................p

  (2)   a dining car.              = a car for dining.......................................g (식당차)

  (3)   a sleeping bag.            = a bag for sleeping..................................g (침대차)

  (4)   a magnifying glass.        = a glass for magnifying.,.........................g (확대경)

  (5)   a neighboring village.      = a village which is neighboring..............p

  (6)   a bathing suit.            = a suit for bathing....................................g (수영복)

D.  다음 각 항의 문장의 뜻의 차이를 말하여라.

  (1)   a.  I forgot posting the letter.         b.  I forgot to post the letter. 

  (2)   a.  I hate lying                               b.  I hate to lie.

  (3)   a.  I like swimming.                         b.  I like to swim now.

  (4)   a.  She went on saying.                    b.  She went on to say.

  (5)   a.  Try to do so.                             b.  Try doing so.

  (6)   a.  He is sure of success.                b.  He is sure to succeed.  

   1.   a.  forget ~ing    ( 과거 사실에 대한 망각 )

       b.  forget to ~    ( 미래의 해야 할 일에 대한 망각 ) 

   2.  a.   hate ~ing      ( 일반적)                  나는 거짓말 하는 것을 싫어한다.

       b.   hate to ~     ( 일시적 기분)             나는 거짓말을 하고 싶지 않다.   

   3.  a.   like ~ing       ( enjoy )                  나는 수영하는 것을 좋아한다,

       b.   like to ~      ( choose to )              나는 지금 수영하고 싶다.

   4.  a.   go on ~ing     ( 계속해서 ~하다.)          그녀는 계속해서 말했다.

       b.   go on to ~    ( 쉬었다가 계속해서 ~하다.) 그녀는 쉬었다가 계속해서 말했다.

   5.  a.   try to ~                                  그렇게 하도록 노력하라.

       b.   try ~ing                                  시험삼아 그렇게 해 보라.

   6.  a.   is sure of  ---    He is sure that he will succeed.   그는 성공을 확신하고 있다.

       b.   is sure to ~부정사 I am sure that he will succeed.   그는 틀림없이 성공할 거다.

E.  공란을 적당한 단어로 채워라.

   (1)   It is (     ) use your arguing with him.

   (2)   This picture is (     ) her own painting. 

   (3)   The witness denied (     ) seen the accused. 

   (4)   This book is (     ) reading intensively.

   (5)   I don't like (     ) asked to make a speech.

   (6)   I have no doubt (     ) his succeeding.

   (7)   I cannot (     ) laughing at your silly idea. 

   (8)   The glass is very brittle; it wants (     ) with care.

   1.   no.       너는 그와 논쟁을 해 봐야 소용없다.                             (= It is no use ~ing)

   2.   of.       이 사진은 그녀 자신이 직접 그린 것이다.                      (= of one's own ~ing)

   3.   having.   그 목격자는 피고를 보았음을 부인했다.                      (= deny ~ing) 

   4.   worth.   이 책은 철저하게 읽어 볼 만한 가치가 있다.                 (= be worth ~ing)

   5.   being.    나는 연설을 해 달라고 부탁 받는 것을 좋아하지 않는다. (= don't like ~ing)

   6.   of.       나는 그가 성공 할 것이라는 것을 의심하지 않는다.         (= no doubt of ~ing)

   7.   help.     나는 너의 어리석은 생각을 비웃지 않을 수 없다.           (= not help ~ing)

   8.   handling. 유리는 깨지기 쉽다. 주의해서 다룰 필요가 있다.          (= wnat ~ing) 

F.  나머지 부분을 완성하여 두 문장의 뜻이 같게 하여라.

   (1)   I make it a rule to read the Bible every day.

         I make a point of _______________________.

   (2)   The dog was about to die.

         The dog was on the point of ______.

   (3)   He was caught while he was stealing.

         He was caught in the act of ______.

   (4)   It is a matter of course that he will succeed.

         It goes without ________________________.

   1.   reading the Bible every day. ( make a point of ~ing.= make it a rule to ~)  

   2.   dying. ( be about to ~. = be on the point of ~ing)

   3.   stealing. ( while = on the act of ~ )  

   4.   saying that he will succeed.

       ( a matter of course = It goes without saying that = It is needless to say that )

 G.  괄호 속의 동사를 맞게 고쳐라.

    1.   Please excuse my ( be ) late.      

    2.   You should practice ( play ) the piano regularly. 

    3.   Please remember ( post ) the letter.    

    4.   I repent ( have followed ) his advice.

    5.   He decided not ( worry ) about the examination.

    6.   I never expected ( see ) you here.      

    7.   You had better avoid ( go ) there.

    8.   He went over to America with the view of ( study ) physics.

    1.   being. ( excuse my ~ing )      

    2.   practice playing ( ~하는 것을 연습하다. )  

    3.   remember to post           

    4.   repent having followed ( repent + 동명사)

    5.   decided not to worry        

    6.   except to see ( 부정사를 목적어로...)

    7.   avoid going                  

    8.   studying       ( for the purpose of ~ing )

H.   다음 각 문장을 동명사를 사용하여 단문으로 바꾸어라.

   (1)  She is proud that her son is the brightest in the class.

   (2)  He is ashamed that he has done such a thing.

   (3)  All present insisted that I should make a speech.

   (4)  We have no doubt that he is ill in bed. 

   (5)  I am sure that he will pass the examination.

    1.  She is proud her son being the brightest in the class.

    2.  He is ashamed of having done such a thing.    ( be ashamed of ~ing)

    3.  All present insisted on my making a speech.

    4.  We have no doubt of his being ill in bed.      ( have no doubt of ~ing)

    5.  I am sure of his passing the examination.      ( be sure of ~ing)

   (6)  As soon as he received a telegram, he started for home.

   (7)  He was nervous because he had not spoken in public before. 

   (8)  I don't like you to talk unkindly about my friend.

   (9)  He not only holds an important office, but often writes good novels.

  (10)  Is this also a picture that you have drawn by herself?

   6.  On receiving a telegram, he started for home.

   7.  He was nervous because of not having spoken in public before.

   8.  I don't like your talking unkindly about my friend.

   9.  Besides holding an important office, he often writes good novels.

  10.  Is this also a picture of your own having drawn?

  (11)  Whenever I meet him, I think of his brother. 

  (12)  He repented that he had been idle in his youth.

  (13)  I remember that you promised me to do so.

  (14)  He denied that he had told a lie.

  (15)  She always complains that it is too hot here.

   11.  I never meet him without thinking of his brother. 

   12.  He repented of having been idle in his youth.

   13.  I remember your promising me to do so.

   14.  He denied having told a lie.

   15.  She always complains of its being too hot here.

  (16)  That he has such poor health is against him.

  (17)  It is impossible to deny the fact.

  (18)  Though he was very learned, he lacked common sense.

  (19)  There is every reason why you should be displeased.

  (20)  Will you be so kind as to help me carry this suitcase?

   16.  Having such poor health is against him.

   17.  There is no denying the fact.

   18.  In spite of being very learned, he lacked common sense.

   19.  There is every reason for your being displeased.

   20.  Would you mind helping me carry this suitcase?

  (21)  I did not go myself, but sent a messenger. 

  (22)  I cannot but think that he is still alive.

  (23)  He scolds me because I have neglected my duty.

  (24)  Let's take a walk for a while after dinner, shall we?

  (25)  When we learn a foreign language, it is necessary to advance step by step.

   21.   Instead of my going myself, I sent a messenger. 

   22.  I cannot help thinking of his being still alive.

   23.  He scolds me for having neglected my duty.

   24.  What do you say to taking walk for a while after dinner, shall we?

   25.  In learning a foreign language, it is necessary to advance step by step.

  (26)  It is absolutely necessary that we should go at once.

  (27)  Be polite when you speak to others.

  (28)  He regrets that he cannot attend the meeting.

   26.  It is absolutely necessary our going at once.

   27.  Be polite in speaking to others.

   28.  He regrets not being able to attend the meeting.

I.  다음 각 문장을 복문으로 바꾸어 써라.

   (1)   I forgot having said so.

   (2)   He is proud of having done such a thing.

   (3)   He started early with the intention of getting a good seat.

   (4)   I am convinced of his visiting us again.

    1.   I forgot that I have said so.

    2.   He is proud that he have done such a thing.

    3.   He started early so that he might get a good seat.

    4.   I am convinced that he will visit us again. 

   (5)   Do you mind my opening the window?

   (6)   All the lights go out on the clock striking ten.

   (7)   I don't think it fair your speaking ill of him.

   (8)   Is there any possibility of his succeeding?

    5.   Do you mind if I open the window?

    6.   All the lights go out when the clock strikes ten.

    7.   I don't think it fair that you should speak ill of him.

    8.   Is there any possibility that he will succeed?

J. 괄호 속의 동사의 바른 꼴을 써서 뜻이 통하게 하여라.

   1.   So far from poverty (be) a misfortune, it may, by vigorous self-help, (convert) into a blessing. 

   2.   Animals do all they have to do without (teach).

   3.   A book which I worth (read) at all is likely to (read) more than once.

   4.   His composition was far from (satisfy) his teacher.

   1.   So far from poverty being a misfortune,

        it may, by vigorous self-help, converted into a blessing. 

        *  가난이 불행이기는커녕, 그것은 왕성한 자립 정신에 의해 축복으로 바뀔 수도 있다.

   2.   Animals do all they have to do without being taught.

        *  동물들은 배우지 않고도 자기들이 해야 할 모든 것을 한다.

   3.   A book which I worth reading at all is likely to be read more than once.

        *  적어도 읽을 만한 가치가 있는 책은 한번 이상 읽혀질 것 같다.

   4.   His composition was far from satisfying his teacher.  

        *  그의 작문은 결코 그의 선생님을 만족시키지 못했다.   

   5.   He got a little money by (let) others (paint) pictures of him. 

   6.   A man who picks up and reads any book that he happens to come across,

        is in great danger of (become) weary of reading or (poison) by it. 

   7.   (Go) by railroad I do not consider as traveling at all; it is merely (send) to a place,

        and very little different from becoming a parcel. 

   8.   Man is sometimes more generous when he has little money than when he has plenty;

        perhaps to prevent his (think) to have but little.   

   5.   He got a little money by letting others paint pictures of him. 

        *  그는 다른 사람들이 자신의 그림을 그리게 함으로써 돈을 벌었다. (모델노릇을 함으로서)

   6.   A man who picks up and reads any book that he happens to come across, is in great

        danger of becoming weary of reading or being poisoned by it. 

        *  become weary of ~ = ~ 에 싫증나다.

        * 우연히 대하게 되는 아무 책이나 집어서 읽는 사람은 독서에 싫증나게 되거나

          그 책에 의해 해독을 받게 되는 커다란 위험이 있다.

   7.   Going by railroad I do not consider as traveling at all; it is merely being sent to a

        place, and very little different from becoming a parcel. 

        *  기차로 여행하는 것을 나는 전혀 여행으로 간주하지 않는다. (그것은 단지 어떤 곳으로 보내지는 것에 불과하며, 화물이 되는 것과 그다지 다를 게 없기 때문이다. )

   8.   Man is sometimes more generous when he has little money than when he has plenty;

        perhaps to prevent his being thought to have but little.

        사람은 때때로 돈을 많이 가지고 있을 때보다 돈이 적을 때 더 관대하다.

        아마도 그건 자기가 돈을 더 적게 가지고 있다고 여겨지는 일을 막기 위해서 일 것이다. 

        *  I have but little money.          *  They were thought to have been dead.