1신경신호전달 신경전달물질의 기능

[은선]

Function of neurotransmitter

the same transmitter can elicit postsynaptic excitation or inhibition

Glutamate

the great majority of fast excitatory synapses in the brain and spinal cord

"modifiable", i.e. capable of increasing or decreasing in strength

excessive glutamate release can overstimulate the brain and lead to

excitotoxicity causing cell death resulting in seizures or strokes

GABA

the great majority of fast inhibitory synapses in virtually every part of the brain

- many sedative/tranquilizing drugs act by enhancing the effects of GABA

Acetylcholine

activates skeletal muscles in the somatic nervous system either excite or inhibit internal organs in the autonomic system

Dopamine

- regulation of motor behavior, pleasures related to motivation and also emotional arousal.

critical role in the reward system

Parkinson's disease : low levels of dopamine

Schizophrenia people : high levels of dopamine

Serotonin

Most is produced by and found in the intestine (approximately 90%)

the remainder in central nervous system neurons

- regulate appetite, sleep, memory and learning, temperature, mood, behaviour, muscle contraction, and function of the cardiovascular system and endocrine system

Norepinephrine

- which focuses on the central nervous system, based on patients sleep patterns, focus and alertness.

Epinephrine

plays a role in sleep

to become and stay alert

the fight-or-flight response

Histamine

works with the central nervous system

specifically the hypothalamus (tuberomammillary nucleus) and CNS mast cells