Bible Matrix ⑦_202_REV 2:28 – (2) I will also give him the morning star

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Bible Matrix ⑦_202_REV 2:28 – (2) I will also give him the morning star

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UA6DPuMJbv8

Bible Matrix ⑦: Historical & Scientific Views on Daniel and Revelation

Part 2. Revelation

Revelation 2:18~29 - To the Church in Thyatira, adhered to the truth, but where false prophetess was active

Revelation 2:28 – (2) I will also give him the morning star

☞ <Revelation> 2:28 – I will also give him the morning star.(NIV); And I will give him the morning star.(KJV); And I will also give them the morning star!(New Living Translation); And I will give them the morning star. (ERV); I will also give him the morning star [ usually the planet Venus as seen before sunrise, but here symbolically Christ at his return; 22:16; Num. 24:17; 2 Pet. 1:19]. (EXB)

☞ <Isaiah> 14:12 - How you have fallen from heaven, morning star, son of the dawn! You have been cast down to the earth, you who once laid low the nations! (NIV); How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations! (KJV); How you are fallen from heaven, O shining star, son of the morning! You have been thrown down to the earth, you who destroyed the nations of the world. (NLT); How you have fallen from heaven, morning star [or day star; or shining one; still addressing the king of Babylon, though sometimes applied to Satan], even though you were as bright as the rising sun [son of the dawn]! In the past all the nations on earth bowed down before you [or were laid low by you], but now you have been cut down. (EXB)

○  But there is one problem. It is because ‘morning star‘ is correct? or ‘Lucifer’ is correct? in <Isaiah> 14:12. The Hebrew word used here is ‘Helel(הֵילֵל)’, derived from 'Halal', which means 'to flash' or 'to shine' or ‘to bright’. Literally ‘Helel(הֵילֵל)’ means 'the one who shines’ or 'the one who bright’, and this is the word used here only once.

☞ So, although it is less universal, in context before and after, because it primarily means the King of Neo-Babylonian Empire (BC 625∼BC 539) and it secondly refers to 'Helel' that fell into Sheol (or hell) (Isaiah 14:15), so the English Bible KJV (published in 1611) translated it as 'Lucifer', a fallen angel. If it is translated as ‘morning star’, it is blasphemy because it means Jesus Christ. However, all other English Bibles except for KJV translated it as ‘morning star’, but English Bible EXB annotates that it also means the king of Babylon and Satan.

☞ Even though 'Lucifer' was first 'anointed as a guardian cherub' as 'God's most beloved' (Ezekiel 28:14~19, Commentary on 'King of Tyre’), 'Lucifer' means Satan who was expelled from the kingdom of God because of his arrogance to be exalted like God.

☞ For your reference, here are the Hebrew and English of <Isaiah> 14:12 used by KJV: ‘shachar (= of the morning/dawn) ben (= son) Helel (= Lucifer)’, that is, Lucifer, son of the morning. Literally it means ‘shining one, son of the morning’.

○ Heosphoros in Septuaginta - For the Diaspora Jews, the Hebrew Old Testament was translated into Greek at Alexandria, Egypt, in c.BC 250. It is the 'Septuaginta (LXX)’ as the Alexandria canon. In this LXX, the Hebrew word 'Helel(הֵילֵל)’ was translated into the Greek word 'Heosphoros(ἑωσφόρος)', which means 'the one who brings the dawn' or 'the one who carries or transmits the light’.

○ lucifer in Latin Vulgate - And the translation of the Greek 'Septuaginta (LXX)’ into Latin in the late 4th century is called the ‘Latin Bible’, or ‘Latin Vulgate’ or 'Vulgata Latina’ or ‘Vulgata Translation’. Hieronymus (Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus, English: Jerome or Jerome of Stridon, 347~420), well-known as the translator of the Vulgate Bible, translated the Greek word 'Heosphoros’ into the Latin word ‘lucifer’. The Hebrew word 'Helel’ into the Greek word 'Heosphoros’, then the Latin word ‘lucifer’.

○ Meaning of lucifer - It(=lucifer) means ‘light bearer’ or ‘light-bringer’ or ‘light transmitter’. ‘lucifer’ is a combination of the Latin words 'lux' meaning light and 'ferre' meaning 'bearer/bringer'. ‘Lucifer’ is the English pronunciation of the Latin word ‘lucifer’, and from this time on, ‘Lucifer’ is capitalized in English as a proper noun.

○ lucifer as Venus in Rome - Moreover, in the Roman Empire (BC 27~AD 394), in the 4th century, when the Latin Vulgate came out, pagan gods had already been flowed into Christianity. For example, the goddess Inanna of the Sumerian mythology (c.BC 5,000~c.BC 2,400), the goddess of ‘sex, love, fertility, and warfare’, was identified with Aphrodite, the 'goddess of love and beauty' in Greek mythology (c.BC 900~), and she was also expressed as the goddess Venus, the morning and evening star in Roman mythology (c. 500~). Therefore, in Rome, lucifer meant the morning star, Venus.

○ How Lucifer came to refer to Satan? (1) Tertullian (Tertullianus, 155/160~220), the first Latin church father, and Oregenes (Origen, 184/185~253/254), a representative theologian of the Alexandrian school, interpreted the verses (or passages) of <Isaiah> 14:3~20 as being about the manifestation of the devil, (2) Augustinus (Augustine of Hippo, 354~430), who lived at the same time as the composition of the Latin Vulgate, also identified the falling star with the name of the devil as lucifer in <Isaiah> 14:12, (3) The early church fathers in the 4th~5th centuries began translating ‘the falling star’ into lucifer, (4) In the 14th century, through Dante(1265~1321)'s Divine Comedy and in the 16th~17th centuries, through John Milton(1608~1674)'s Paradise Lost, it has become popular.

☞ Due to this influence, KJV as the English Bible did not translate the Hebrew ‘Helel’ as ‘morning star’, but KJV considered the Latin ‘lucifer‘ as ‘Lucifer’ as a proper noun, finally, KJV translated it as ‘Lucifer‘ in 1611, so Lucifer became the name of the devil.