1011 Jeremiah 16:16-18:23; 1 Thessalonians 4:1-5:3; Psalm 81; Proverbs 25:6

[soso]

1011 Jeremiah 16:16-18:23; 1 Thessalonians 4:1-5:3; Psalm 81; Proverbs 25:6-8 (Christian Standard Bible)

출처 https://classic.biblegateway.com/reading-plans/daily-audio-bible/2026/10/11?version=CSB

듣기 http://dabplayer.com/home/dab/10112026

* 듣기 사이트는 자동으로 진행이 안되고 무료계정 등록 후 로그인 해야 작동되므로

Resister for free account를 누르시고 이메일과 비번으로 계정을 만들어야 합니다

* 분석기호 ; 동사/구는 볼드체, 주어/목적/목보 등은 [대괄호] 치나 명백한 경우는 표시 안 하고

형절은 // 쌍빗금, 형/부 수식어는 / 빗금, 분사는 빨간색, 생략된 요소는 (소괄호)로 표시합니다

Developed by 100 scholars from 17 denominations, the Christian Standard Bible faithfully

and accurately captures the Bible’s original meaning without compromising readability.

Christian Standard Bible (CSB)

Jeremiah 16:16-18:23

Punishment of Exile

16 “I am about to send for [many fishermen]”—this is the Lord’s declaration—“and they will fish for them.

Then I will send for many hunters, and they will hunt [them] down /on every mountain and hill

and out of the clefts of the rocks,

17 for my gaze takes in [all their ways].

They are not concealed /from me, and their iniquity is not hidden /from my sight.

* be about to~; to do something very soon or at the immediate moment 막 ~ 를 하려 한다

18 I will first repay [them] [double for their iniquity and sin]

/because they have polluted my land.

They have filled my inheritance /with the carcasses of their abhorrent and detestable idols.”

19 Lord, my strength and my stronghold,

my refuge /in a time of distress,

the nations will come /to you

from the ends of the earth, and they will say,

“Our ancestors inherited only [lies],

worthless idols of no benefit at all.”

20 Can [one] make gods /for himself? (인간이 인간보다 더 높고 크신 신을 만들 수 있을까?)

But they are not gods.

21 “Therefore, I am about to inform [them],

and this time I will make [them] [know] (5 형식, 부사역할인 명사구, this time)

my power and my might;

then they will know [that my name is the Lord].”

The Persistent Sin of Judah

17장

1 The sin of Judah is inscribed /with an iron stylus.

With a diamond point

it is engraved /on the tablet of their hearts

and on the horns of their[a] altars,

2 while their children remember their altars

and their Asherah poles, by the green trees

on the high hills

— 3 my mountains in the countryside.

I will give up [your wealth and all your treasures] /as plunder

because of the sin of your high places[b] in all your borders.

4 You will, on your own, relinquish [your inheritance //that I gave you].

I will make [you] [serve your enemies] (5 형식, 목적이 목보하게 동사하다)

in a land () you do not know,  (that)

for you have set my anger /on fire;

it will burn /forever.

* 목적인 명사구 your inheritance //that I gave [you] [직목= your inheritance],  4 형식

Curse and Blessing

5 This is [what the Lord says]:

Cursed is [the person //who trusts in mankind]. (도치문)

* 주어인 명사구, the person //who trusts in [mankind].

* 보어인 형역 과분사 Cursed, 또는 수동태 be+pp의 과거분사

* 자신을 포함한 인간신뢰는 틀린데 맞다고 믿어 기만당하는 것과 자기생각이 진리라고 믿는 신노름이 문제인데

  자기생각에 진리라고 생각하는 자기 길과 방식으로 삶을 살기에 자신에게 자기가 신이되나 가짜신이라 문제다

He makes [human flesh] [his strength], (5 형식, 목적이 목보하게 동사하다, 자기 힘을 의뢰하다)

and his heart turns /from the Lord.

* 숙어 turns /from~ ;  turn away from~ ,  face opposite way, ~로부터 돌아서다

* 킹제임스만 고집하는 분들은 maketh flesh his arm, 문자적으로 해석하여 살로 팔을 만들어야 하니 고민스러운데

  의역하여 makes flesh his strength '육체를 자기 힘으로 삼는다'고 한다면 다른 번역본도 같으면 다 인정해야 한다

6 He will be like a juniper in the Arabah;  (보어인 전치사구)

he cannot see [when good comes]

but dwells /in the parched places /in the wilderness, (형역 과분사 parched)

in a salt land //where no one lives.  

* 목적인 의문사절 [when good comes]  선이 오는 그때 (명사 역할이므로 의문사절)   

* 형절인 관계부사절 where절, //where no one lives.  명사를 수식하므로 형용사절이나 관계부사절로 불림

* 주의 ; 모든 종속절은 문장에서 명/형/부 역할로 사용되므로 생김새는 부사절이나 명사역할, 명사절도 형절

  의문사절도 명/형/부절로 달리 활용되므로 품사 명칭과 역할상의 명칭이 서로 다름을 알아야  헛갈리지 않음

  명사구도 명/형/부 역할, 부정사구도 명/형/부 역할을 하고 전구는 형/부역을 하나, 분사구는 형용사 역할만 함

7 [The person //who trusts in [the Lord], whose confidence indeed is the Lord, is blessed.

* 관계 형절/계속용법 whose confidence indeed is the Lord; 관계사가 소유격/형용사 역할도 하므로 관계 형용사절

* 주어인 명사구 [The person //who trusts in [the Lord, whose confidence~],

* 숙어/타동사구 trust in sb/sth ; to place a firm, confident belief in their goodness, ability, character, or strength

8 He will be like a tree planted by water:  (보어인 전치사구)

it sends [its roots] out /toward a stream,

it doesn’t fear /when heat comes,

and its foliage remains green. (it의 소유격인 its)

It will not worry /in a year of drought

or cease [producing fruit].

* 목적인 동명사구 producing fruit (진행중인 일을 중단할 수 있기에 진행특성의 동명사구를 목적으로 씀)

* 주의 ; be+v-ing에서 현재분사는 진행동사이고 명사수식인 형역 현분사는 명사가 현분사의 능동 동작자임,

  water /flowing from a distance, 분사형인 형역 과분사는 the parched places 명사의/수동 동작상태를 설명함

The Deceitful Heart

9 The heart is more deceitful than anything else,

and incurable—who can understand it?

10 I, the Lord, examine the mind,

I test the heart[c] to give /to each /according to his way,

according to what his actions deserve.

11 [He //who makes a fortune /unjustly] is like a partridge //that hatches eggs () it didn’t lay.

In the middle of his life

his riches will abandon him,

so in the end he will be a fool.

* 이중 전치사 ACCORDING TO: 1. as stated by: 2. in a way that agrees with: 3. in conformity with ~에 부합하여

* 전목인 의문사절 what his actions deserve.

* 주어인 명사구 [He //who makes a fortune /unjustly],

* 전목인 명사구 a partridge //that hatches eggs (that) it didn’t lay.

12 [A glorious throne /on high /from the beginning] is the place of our sanctuary.

13 Lord, the hope of Israel,

[all //who abandon you] will be put /to shame.

[All //who turn away /from me] will be written /in the dirt,

for they have abandoned [the Lord], the fountain of living water.

* 주어인 명사구 [A glorious throne /on high /from the beginning], [all //who abandon you]

* 동격 형역 명사구 the fountain of living water = the Lord

Jeremiah’s Plea

14 Heal me, Lord, and I will be healed;

save me, and I will be saved,

for you are my praise.

15 Hear [how they keep challenging me, 

“Where is the word of the Lord?

Let [it] [come]!”  (5 형식)

* 불자 keep의 보어인 형역 현분사구, challenging me,현분사 상태로 유지/지속하다

16 But I have not run away /from being your shepherd,

and I have not longed /for the fatal day.

You know () my words were spoken /in your presence.

* 전목인 동명사구 being your shepherd, (being은 be 동사의 ing 형)

17 Don’t become a terror /to me.  (불자  become의 보어인 명사구 a terror)

You are my refuge /in the day of disaster.

18 Let [my persecutors] [be put to shame],  (5 형식)

but don’t let [me] [be put to shame].

Let [them] [be terrified], but don’t let [me] [be terrified].

Bring /on them [the day of disaster];

shatter [them] /with total[d] destruction.

Observing the Sabbath

19 This is [what the Lord said to me],

“Go and stand /at the People’s Gate,

through which the kings of Judah enter and leave, as well as at all the gates of Jerusalem.

20 Announce /to them, ‘Hear [the word of the Lord], kings of Judah, all Judah,

and all the residents of Jerusalem //who enter through these gates.

21 This is [what the Lord says]: Watch [yourselves]; (목적으로 쓰인 재귀 대명사)

do not pick up [a load] and bring [it] in /through Jerusalem’s gates /on the Sabbath day.

22 Do not carry a load /out of your houses /on the Sabbath day or () do any work,

but keep [the Sabbath day] [holy], just as I commanded your ancestors.

* or (do not) do any work,  * 5 형식 keep [the Sabbath day] [holy],

23 They wouldn’t listen or pay attention /but became obstinate, not listening or accepting discipline.

* 불자 became의 보어인 형용사 obstinate,

* 컴마로 분리된 현분사구 not listening or accepting discipline의 동작자는 주어인 they

24 “‘However, if you listen /to me—this is the Lord’s declaration—

and do not bring loads /through the gates of this city /on the Sabbath day,

but keep [the Sabbath day] [holy] and do no work /on it, (5 형식)

25 kings and princes will enter /through the gates of this city.

They will sit /on the throne of David;

they will ride /in chariots and on horses /with their officials, the men of Judah, and the residents of Jerusalem.

This city will be inhabited /forever.

26 Then people will come /from the cities of Judah and from the area around Jerusalem,

from the land of Benjamin and from the Judean foothills, from the hill country and from the Negev

bringing burnt offerings and sacrifices, grain offerings and frankincense, and thanksgiving sacrifices

/to the house of the Lord.

27 But if you do not listen /to me /to keep the Sabbath day holy /by not carrying a load

/while entering the gates of Jerusalem /on the Sabbath day,

I will set fire /to its gates, and it will consume [the citadels of Jerusalem and () not be extinguished.’”

* 형역 현분사구 bringing burnt offerings and sacrifices,주어의 준동작으로 '준동작 상태로 본동작을 하다'

  Come /home /safe.에서 자동사 뒤에 상태설명인 형용사가 쓰인 것처럼 자동사 뒤에 현분사/구도 쓰임 

* and (it will) not be extinguished.’”

Parable of the Potter

18장

1 This is the word //that came /to Jeremiah /from the Lord:

2 “Go down /at once /to the potter’s house; there I will reveal my words /to you.”

3 So I went down /to the potter’s house, and there he was, working away at the wheel.[e]

4 But [the jar //that he was making /from the clay] became flawed in the potter’s hand,

so he made it /into another jar, as it seemed right for him to do.

* 콤마로 분리된 형역 현분사구 working away at the wheel는 현분사의 주체/동작자인 주어 he 수식/주어의 준동작

* 불자 became 의 보어인 형역 과분사구 flawed in the potter’s hand,

* 불자 seemed의 보어인 형용사구 right for him to do.

5 The word of the Lord came /to me:

6 “House of Israel, can I not treat you /as this potter treats his clay?”

—this is the Lord’s declaration.

“Just like clay in the potter’s hand, so are you in my hand, house of Israel.

* 도치문 so are you in my hand => you are so in my hand (so는 대명사; 그런 것)

7 At one moment I might announce /concerning a nation or a kingdom //that I will uproot, tear down,

and destroy it.

* 전치사화된 현분사 /concerning=about, 전치사구는 명사수식이면 형용사, 동사수식이면 부사역할이 됨

* 주의; 현분사가 수식하는 명사는 분사의 주체/동작자 관계로 쓰이나 전치사구는 그런 관계 없이 사용됨

* concerning /전치사; About, regarding or in connection with.

* 형용사로 쓰인 경우 : causing concern or worry : creating reason for concern : troubling 문제시되는

8 However, if [that nation //about which I have made the announcement] turns /from its evil,

I will relent /concerning the disaster () I had planned [to do to it]. (목적인 부정사구)

* if절의 주어인 명사구, that nation //about which I have made the announcement, 형+명+형절

* 형절/목적격 관대절 //about which I have made the announcement (about which=that nation/전목),

* 주의; 전치사 about는 형절 소속이나 구식문법 규칙상 전구를 분리 못하기에 전목과 함께 문두로 나감

관계사로 that을 쓸 경우는 예외 //that I have made the announcement /about, (전치사는 종절에 남음)

* 소유격/형역 관계사도 형+명사=명사구의 일부라 전체가 앞에 쓰임 [whose confidence] indeed is the Lord,

9 At another time I might announce /concerning a nation or a kingdom //that I will build and plant it.

10 However, if it does [what is evil in my sight by not listening to me],

I will relent /concerning the good () I had said () I would do /to it.

* 목적인 의문사절 what is evil in my sight by not listening to me, * 전목인 동명사구 not listening to me

* 부역전구 /concerning the good (that) I had said (that) I would do /to it. 내가 한다고 말한 그 선/좋은 것

11 So now, say /to the men of Judah and to the residents of Jerusalem,

‘This is [what the Lord says]:

Look, I am about to bring [harm] /to you and make plans /against you.

Turn now, each () /from your evil way, and correct your ways and your deeds.’

12 But they will say, ‘It’s hopeless.

We will continue [to follow our plans],

and [each of us] will continue [to act /according to the stubbornness of his evil heart].’”

* each (Turn) /from your evil way, (대명사 each 각자)

Deluded Israel

13 Therefore, this is [what the Lord says]:

Ask /among the nations,

who has heard [things like these]? (these=this의 복수형)

Virgin Israel has done a most horrible thing.

14 Does [the snow /of Lebanon] ever leave the highland crags?

Or does [cold water /flowing from a distance] ever fail?

* 주어인 명사구 cold water /flowing from a distance 형+명+형역 현분사구 (현분사는 water의 능동동작)

15 Yet my people have forgotten me.

They burn incense /to worthless idols //that make [them] [stumble in their ways /on the ancient roads],

and make [them] [walk on new paths, not the highway]. (5 형식, 목적이 목보/원형 부정사구하게 동사하다)

16 They have made [their land] [a horror],                       (5 형식, 목적이 목보/명사구가 되게 동사하다)

a perpetual object of scorn;[f]

[all //who pass by it] will be appalled (숙어/타동사구 pass by; 지나치다)

and shake their heads.

* 형역인 동격 명사구 a perpetual object of scorn = a horror

17 I will scatter them /before the enemy /like the east wind. (/before=in front of)

I will show [them][g] [my back and not my face] /on the day of their calamity. (4 형식)

Plot against Jeremiah

18 Then certain ones said, “Come, let’s make plans /against Jeremiah, (let’s=let us)

for instruction will never be lost /from the priest, or counsel from the wise, or a word from the prophet.

Come, let’s denounce him[h] and pay no attention /to all his words.” (let’s=let us)

19 Pay attention /to me, Lord.

Hear [what my opponents are saying]!  

* 목적인 의문사절 what [my opponents] are saying [목],  접속사인 의문사는 목적 역할도 대신함

20 Should [good] be repaid with evil?  (명사로 쓰인 good)

Yet they have dug a pit /for me.

Remember [how I stood before you /to speak good on their behalf],

to turn your anger from them. (부역 부정사구)

* 목적인 의문사절, [how I stood /before you /to speak good on their behalf], 접속사인 의문사는 부사역할도 대신함

21 Therefore, hand [their children] over /to famine,

and give [them] over /to the power of the sword.

Let [their wives] [become childless and widowed], (5 형식, 목적이 목보되게 동사하다)

[their husbands] [slain by deadly disease],[i]

[their young men] [struck down by the sword in battle].

* 숙어/타동사구 hand over; to give control, possession, or responsibility or task to someone else,

* 목보인 원형 부정사구; 불자 become의 보어인 형용사구 childless and widowed],

* 목보인 형역 과분사구 [slain by deadly disease], [struck down by the sword in battle]. 목적이 과분사 상태로 돼라

22 Let [a cry] [be heard from their houses]

when you suddenly bring raiders /against them,

for they have dug a pit /to capture me

and have hidden snares /for my feet.  (형역 과분사 hidden)

23 But you, Lord, know [all their deadly plots /against me].

Do not wipe out [their iniquity];

do not blot out [their sin /before you].

Let [them] [be forced to stumble before you];

deal with [them] /in the time of your anger.

* 숙어/타동사구 deal with, ① (문제/과제 등을) 처리하다 ② (주제/소재로) ~을 다루다 ③ ~를 (상)대하다

Footnotes

17:1 Some Hb mss, Syr, Vg; other Hb mss read your

17:3 Lit plunder, your high places because of sin

17:10 Lit kidneys

17:18 Lit double

18:3 Lit pair of stones

18:16 Lit hissing

18:17 LXX, Lat, Syr, Tg; MT reads will look at them

18:18 Lit let’s strike him with the tongue

18:21 Lit by death

1 Thessalonians 4:1-5:3

The Call to Sanctification

4장

1 Additionally then, brothers and sisters, we ask and encourage [you] /in the Lord Jesus,

[that as you have received instruction /from us /on how you should live and please God

—as you are doing[a]— do this /even more.

* 4 형식 encourage [you] [that~], 간목에게 직목을 동사하다

* 접속사로 쓰인 as ; time 시간, reason 이유, manner 양상/방식, compare 비교 등의 의미로 다양하게 사용됨

2 For you know [what commands we gave you /through the Lord Jesus].

* 목적인 의문사절 [what commands we gave you [직목] /through the Lord Jesus].

접속사인 의문사는 직목 역할을 대신함과 동시에 형용사 역할로 commands를 수식하므로 의문 형용사로 불림

3 For this is God’s will, your sanctification: that you keep away /from sexual immorality,

4 that each of you knows [how to control his own body[b] in holiness and honor],

5 not with lustful passions, like the Gentiles, who don’t know God.

6 This means () one must not transgress /against and take advantage of [a brother or sister] /in this manner, because the Lord is an avenger of all these offenses, as we also previously told and warned you.

* 숙어/타동사구 take advantage of ; to make good use of an opportunity or situation, 긍정적 기회활용

부정적인 기회활용 or negatively, to unfairly use or exploit 악용하다, 이용해 먹다

7 For God has not called [us] [to impurity but to live in holiness]. (5 형식)

8 Consequently, [anyone //who rejects this] does not reject man,  (주어인 명사구, anyone //who rejects this)

but God, who gives [you] [his Holy Spirit].  (4 형식)

Loving and Working

9 About brotherly love: You don’t need [me] [to write you]  (5 형식, 목적이 목보의 동작을 함) 

/because [you yourselves] are taught /by God [to love one another]. (강조사로 쓰인 재귀 대명사 yourselves])

* 4 형식 능동태 God taught [you] [to love one another]. 간목에게 직목을 동사하다

10 In fact, you are doing this /toward all the brothers and sisters /in the entire region of Macedonia.

But we encourage [you], brothers and sisters, [to do this even more], (5 형식)

11 to seek to lead a quiet life, to mind your own business,[c]

and to work with your own hands, as we commanded you, (목보인 부정사구)

12 so that you may behave /properly /in the presence of outsiders and () not be dependent on anyone.[d]

* 결과설명인 부사절 접속사 so that

* and (may) not be dependent on anyone

The Comfort of Christ’s Coming

13 We do not want [you] [to be uninformed], brothers and sisters, concerning those //who are asleep,

so that you will not grieve /like the rest, who have no hope.

* 5 형식 want [you] [to be uninformed], (목적이 목보상태로 되게 동사하다, 부정사구는 형역) 

* 전치사 concerning ; about,

* 전목인 명사구 those //who are asleep, 대명사+형절/주격 관대절

* 부사절 접속사 so that, 결과 설명

14 For if we believe that Jesus died and rose /again,

in the same way, through Jesus, God will bring /with him [those //who have fallen asleep].

* 목적인 명사구 [those //who have fallen asleep].

* fallen asleep 잠들다 (죽음을 아름답게 표현함)

15 For we say this /to you /by a word from the Lord:

[We //who are still alive at the Lord’s coming] will certainly not precede [those //who have fallen asleep].

* 주어인 명사구 [We //who are still alive at the Lord’s coming] 인칭 대명사+형절/주격 관대절

* 동명사의 주체/동작자는 소유격으로 표시함 Lord’s coming = Lord who is coming

16 For the Lord himself will descend /from heaven /with a shout,[e] with the archangel’s voice,

and with the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first.

* the+형용사=복수명사, the dead = the people who are dead

17 Then [we //who are still alive, who are left], will be caught up /together /with them /in the clouds

/to meet the Lord in the air, and so we will always be with the Lord. (접속부사 so=therefore)

18 Therefore encourage[f] one another /with these words.  (상호대명사 one another)

The Day of the Lord

5장

1 About the times and the seasons: Brothers and sisters, you do not need [anything /to be written to you].

2 For [you yourselves] know /very well [that the day of the Lord will come just like a thief in the night].

3 When they say, “Peace and security,” then sudden destruction will come upon them,

like labor pains /on a pregnant woman, and they will not escape.

* 목적인 명사구 anything /to be written to you 명+형역 부정사구

* 강조사로 쓰인 yourselves

* 목적인 명사절 [that the day of the Lord will come just like a thief in the night].  완전문으로 구성됨

* 주의; 관대절이나 의문사절은 접속사로 대신된 요소가 빠진 불완전문임 

  what commands we gave you [직목], a land //that you do not know [목],

Footnotes

4:1 Lit walking

4:4 Or to acquire his own wife; lit to possess his own vessel

4:11 Lit to practice one’s own things

4:12 Or not need anything, or not be in need

4:16 Or command

4:18 Or comfort

Psalm 81

A Call to Obedience

For the choir director: on the Gittith. Of Asaph.

1 Sing /for joy to God our strength;

shout /in triumph to the God of Jacob.

2 Lift up a song—play the tambourine,

the melodious lyre, and the harp.

3 Blow the ram’s horn /on the day of our feasts[a]  /during the new moon and during the full moon.

4 For this is a statute for Israel, an ordinance of the God of Jacob.  (형역인 동격 명사구)

5 He set [it] up /as a decree for Joseph

when he went /throughout[b] the land of Egypt.

I heard [an unfamiliar language]:

6 “I relieved his shoulder /from the burden;

his hands were freed /from carrying the basket.

7 You called out /in distress, and I rescued you;  (called out 외치다)

I answered you /from the thundercloud.

I tested you /at the Waters of Meribah.Selah

8 Listen, my people, and I will admonish you.

Israel, if you would only listen /to me!

9 There must not be a strange god among you;

you must not bow down /to a foreign god.

10 I am the Lord your God,

who brought [you] up /from the land of Egypt.

Open [your mouth] wide, and I will fill it.

* 숙어/타동사구로 본 Open Wide ; to open one's mouth wide,

* 5 형식 분석 Open [your mouth] [wide], 목적을 목보 상태로 동사하다

11 “But my people did not listen /to my voice;

Israel did not obey me.

12 So I gave [them] over /to their stubborn hearts /to follow their own plans.

13 If only my people would listen /to me

and Israel would follow my ways,

14 I would quickly subdue their enemies

and turn my hand /against their foes.”

15 [Those //who hate the Lord] would cower /to him;

their doom would last /forever.

16 But he would feed Israel[c] /with the best wheat.

“I would satisfy you /with honey from the rock.”

* 주의; 전치사를 안 쓰면 품사간의 관계설정이 안 되기에 문장구조 파악이 어렵게 되고

   구조로 의미를 전하는 영어적인 소통이 불가하거나 오역/오해를 할 소지가 다분해짐

follow my ways에서는 구조상 동+명, 타동사와 목적의 관계이기에 전치사가 안 쓰이지만 자동사면 써야 한다

Sing /for joy, went /throughout the land of Egypt, must not bow down /to a foreign god, shout /in triumph등

listen my voice (X),  my hand their foes (X), cower him (X),  you honey the rock (X) 등 어색 또는 이상한 문장에

전치사를 써 주면 listen /to me, 자동사+부역전구,  my hand /against their foes 목적+부역전구.

satisfy you /with honey from the rock 목적+부역전구+형역전구로 '바위에서 나온 꿀로 너를 만족케 하다로 통하나

한글을 영어로 직역하게 되면 표현 차이상 어색한 표현이 될 수 있음; 나를 주목하라 => listen me. 어색

Footnotes

81:3 Lit feast

81:5 Or he gained authority over

81:16 Lit him

Proverbs 25:6-8

6 Don’t boast /about yourself /before the king,

and don’t stand /in the place of the great;

7 for it is better [for him to say to you], “Come up here!”

than to demote you /in plain view of a noble.[a]

8 Don’t take a matter /to court /hastily.

Otherwise, what will you do afterward

if your opponent[b] humiliates you?

* 가주어 it = 진주어인 부정사구 to say to you], (for him은 부정사의 동작자 표시임)

부정사의 동작자가 주어나 목적인 경우 I want to see. I want you to see. I came to see.는 동작자 표시가 불필요함

* 주의 ; 동명사의 동작자는 소유격으로 표시함, his comming,

분사의 동작/피동작자는 분사의 수식을 받는 명사나 주어임, water /flowing from~, hidden snares,

they keep challenging me,에서 현분사의 동작자는 주어인 they

Footnotes

25:7 Lit you before a noble whom your eyes see

25:8 Or neighbor, also in v. 9

Christian Standard Bible (CSB)

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