[진미주 영어교육론] - 2007년 임용 전국-15번 영교기출 Reading 관련문제

[Dio Jin 교수]

[2007년 전국-15]

<A>의 (1), (2), (3), (4)에서 설명하는 읽기 교수 방법을 <B>에서 각각 하나씩 찾아 그 기호를 쓰시오. [4점]

[모범답안]
(1) (d) a whole language approach
(2) (a) a phonics approach
(3) (e) a sight word method
(4) (b) a basal reader approach

[해설 및 참고]

 Instructional methods for reading

Methods	Definitions
A phonics approach	- Phonics-based reading instruction is a methodology for teaching young    children to read and spell words. The teacher introduces a series of spelling   rules and teaches the child to apply phonetics (how the letter combinations   sound out loud) to  decode words  based on their spellings. Phonics   attempts to break written language down into small and simple   components. - The teacher asks learners to match individual letters of the alphabet   with their specific English pronunciations.
A basal reader approach	- Children should be taught to read through careful control and    sequencing of the language and the sounds that they are    exposed to. - A Basal Reader is a type of textbook that teaches reading skills which are    aimed at native children. - It is a technique used to teach children reading skills in a specific order.    Skills may be revisited many times increasing complexity. - Commonly called “reading books” or “readers”, basal readers are short   stories, including individual books for learners, a teacher’s edition,   workbooks, assessments and activities for a specific reading level. This   approach teaches reading through a series of books that have been written   especially for that purpose.
A key-word approach	- The keyword method is a mnemonic. The keyword method, a    valuable technique used to memorize the meaning behind    vocabulary words, is when a person uses what a word sounds    like to visualize something memorable that will help them    later recall the definition. <Example> Let's look at the word, 'aplomb.' This is a common middle-school vocabulary word. It means, 'coolness and composure under strain.' When fantasy character Harry Potter faced the villain, he remained aplomb despite the fact that he knew he was about to die. A student studying this vocabulary word could say that 'aplomb' sounds a bit like 'a plum' and they could visualize a cold plum straight from the refrigerator that remained cool and composed even though it was underneath a lot of other fruits and vegetables ('under strain'). When it comes time for their vocabulary test, the word 'aplomb' will carry with it this visualization, which will trigger the definition.
A whole language approach	- In the simplest terms, “whole language” is a method of  teaching children to read by    recognizing words as whole pieces of language. Proponents of the whole language    philosophy believe that language should not be broken down into letters and    combinations of letters and  “decoded.” Instead, they believe that language is a    complete system of making meaning, with words functioning in relation to each     other in context. - Learners read authentic texts from various genres and deal with real texts and    functions of literacy.
A sight word method	- Sight words instruction is an excellent supplement to phonics general.    Phonics is a method for learning to read in general, while sight words    instruction increases a child’s familiarity with the high frequency words he    will encounter most often, - Using flash cards or other techniques to help children  quickly identify words    commonly used such as of, and, and the. - The goal is to recognize high frequency words and sy the word in less than a    second. The student shouldn’t have to analyze the word. - Recognizing high frequency words help students read efficiently.

[Basal Readers vs Graded Readers]

Question: Both basal readers and graded readers are books that contain simpler reading materials to help people develop reading skills. But what exactly is the difference between them?

Answer:

A Basal Reader is a type of textbook that teaches reading skills in a specific order, assesses those skills, and provides coaching for those skills through several grade levels. Skills may be revisited many times with increasing complexity. This is also known as scaffolding. What these definitions don't mention is that basal readers are intended for native speakers who are learning to read, typically children. Basal readers, which are aimed at children, don't always make interesting reading for adults who are learning a foreign language.

Graded readers, by contrast, are typically intended for people learning a foreign language, and therefore not necessarily for children. Graded readers are "easy reading" books used to support the extensive reading approach to teaching English as a second or foreign language, and other languages. (...) Graded readers can be adapted from literary classics, films, biographies, travel books, etc., or they can be original works written at a less demanding language level. (...) Graded readers are written with specific levels of grammatical complexity in mind and with vocabulary that is limited by frequency headword counts.

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