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머리말 | |
1 |
예수 그리스도의 계시. 하느님께서 머지않아 반드시 일어날 일들을 당신 종들에게 보여 주시려고 그리스도께 알리셨고, 그리스도께서 당신 천사를 보내시어 당신 종 요한에게 알려 주신 계시입니다. |
2 |
요한은 하느님의 말씀과 예수 그리스도의 증언, 곧 자기가 본 모든 것을 증언하였습니다. |
3 |
이 예언의 말씀을 낭독하는 이와 그 말씀을 듣고 그 안에 기록된 것을 지키는 사람들은 행복합니다. 그때가 다가왔기 때문입니다. |
인사 | |
4 |
요한이 아시아에 있는 일곱 교회에 이 글을 씁니다. 지금도 계시고 전에도 계셨으며 또 앞으로 오실 분과 그분의 어좌 앞에 계신 일곱 영에게서, |
5 |
또 성실한 증인이시고 죽은 이들의 맏이이시며 세상 임금들의 지배자이신 예수 그리스도에게서 은총과 평화가 여러분에게 내리기를 빕니다. 우리를 사랑하시어 당신 피로 우리를 죄에서 풀어 주셨고, |
6 |
우리가 한 나라를 이루어 당신의 아버지 하느님을 섬기는 사제가 되게 하신 그분께 영광과 권능이 영원무궁하기를 빕니다. 아멘. |
7 |
보십시오, 그분께서 구름을 타고 오십니다. 모든 눈이 그분을 볼 것입니다. 그분을 찌른 자들도 볼 것이고 땅의 모든 민족들이 그분 때문에 가슴을 칠 것입니다. 꼭 그렇게 될 것입니다. 아멘. |
8 |
지금도 계시고 전에도 계셨으며 또 앞으로 오실 전능하신 주 하느님께서, “나는 알파요 오메가다.” 하고 말씀하십니다. |
요한의 소명 | |
9 |
여러분의 형제로서, 예수님 안에서 여러분과 더불어 환난을 겪고 그분의 나라에 같이 참여하며 함께 인내하는 나 요한은, 하느님의 말씀과 예수님에 대한 증언 때문에 파트모스라는 섬에서 지내고 있었습니다. |
10 |
어느 주일에 나는 성령께 사로잡혀 내 뒤에서 나팔 소리처럼 울리는 큰 목소리를 들었습니다. |
11 |
그 목소리가 이렇게 말하였습니다. “네가 보는 것을 책에 기록하여 일곱 교회 곧 에페소, 스미르나, 페르가몬, 티아티라, 사르디스, 필라델피아, 라오디케이아에 보내라.” |
12 |
나는 나에게 말하는 것이 누구의 목소리인지 보려고 돌아섰습니다. 돌아서서 보니 황금 등잔대가 일곱 개 있고, |
13 |
그 등잔대 한가운데에 사람의 아들 같은 분이 계셨습니다. 그분께서는 발까지 내려오는 긴 옷을 입고 가슴에는 금 띠를 두르고 계셨습니다. |
14 |
그분의 머리와 머리털은 흰 양털처럼 또 눈처럼 희고 그분의 눈은 불꽃 같았으며, |
15 |
발은 용광로에서 정련된 놋쇠 같고 목소리는 큰 물소리 같았습니다. |
16 |
그리고 오른손에는 일곱 별을 쥐고 계셨으며 입에서는 날카로운 쌍날칼이 나왔습니다. 또 그분의 얼굴은 한낮의 태양처럼 빛났습니다. |
17 |
나는 그분을 뵙고, 죽은 사람처럼 그분 발 앞에 엎드렸습니다. 그러자 그분께서 나에게 오른손을 얹고 말씀하셨습니다. “두려워하지 마라. 나는 처음이며 마지막이고 |
18 |
살아 있는 자다. 나는 죽었었지만, 보라, 영원무궁토록 살아 있다. 나는 죽음과 저승의 열쇠를 쥐고 있다. |
19 |
그러므로 네가 본 것과 지금 일어나는 일들과 그다음에 일어날 일들을 기록하여라. |
20 |
네가 본 내 오른손의 일곱 별과 일곱 황금 등잔대의 신비는 이러하다. 일곱 별은 일곱 교회의 천사들이고 일곱 등잔대는 일곱 교회이다.” |
Revelation Chapter 1
1The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave to him, to show his servants what must happen soon. He made it known by sending his angel to his servant John,a 2who gives witness to the word of God and to the testimony of Jesus Christ by reporting what he saw. 3 Blessed is the one* who reads aloud and blessed are those who listen to this prophetic message and heed what is written in it, for the appointed time is near.b
II. Letters to the Churches of Asia
Greeting.* 4John, to the seven churches in Asia:* grace to you and peace from him who is and who was and who is to come, and from the seven spirits before his throne,c 5and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness, the firstborn of the dead and ruler of the kings of the earth. To him who loves us and has freed us* from our sins by his blood,d 6who has made us into a kingdom, priests for his God and Father, to him be glory and power forever [and ever]. Amen.e 7Behold, he is coming amid the clouds, and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him. All the peoples of the earth will lament him. Yes. Amen.f 8“I am the Alpha and the Omega,”* says the Lord God, “the one who is and who was and who is to come, the almighty.”g The First Vision.* 9I, John, your brother, who share with you the distress, the kingdom, and the endurance we have in Jesus, found myself on the island called Patmos* because I proclaimed God’s word and gave testimony to Jesus. 10I was caught up in spirit on the Lord’s day* and heard behind me a voice as loud as a trumpet, 11which said, “Write on a scroll* what you see and send it to the seven churches: to Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea.” 12* Then I turned to see whose voice it was that spoke to me, and when I turned, I saw seven gold lampstands 13and in the midst of the lampstands one like a son of man,* wearing an ankle-length robe, with a gold sash around his chest.h 14The hair of his head was as white as white wool or as snow,* and his eyes were like a fiery flame. 15His feet were like polished brass refined in a furnace,* and his voice was like the sound of rushing water. 16In his right hand he held seven stars.* A sharp two-edged sword came out of his mouth, and his face shone like the sun at its brightest.i 17When I caught sight of him, I fell down at his feet as though dead.* He touched me with his right hand and said, “Do not be afraid. I am the first and the last,j 18the one who lives. Once I was dead, but now I am alive forever and ever. I hold the keys to death and the netherworld.* 19Write down, therefore, what you have seen, and what is happening, and what will happen afterwards.* 20This is the secret meaning* of the seven stars you saw in my right hand, and of the seven gold lampstands: the seven stars are the angels of the seven churches, and the seven lampstands are the seven churches. (1절)록(錄).기록할 록(녹), (기록, 기재, 보존)하다, a record(기록), a document(문서). a stenographic record.속기록. let sb know, make sth known to sb, inform, notify, report, tell, signal.알리다. give.~ sth to sb, give sb sth.(건네)주다, (선물로) 주다, 주다, 증여하다, 기부하다, 정보·지식 등을 알리다, 전하다, 이유·의견을 말하다, 설명을 해 주다, 기사를 싣다, 병 등을 옮기다(퍼뜨리다), (전화를) 하다(걸다). (2절)~who gives witness to the word of God and to the testimony of Jesus Christ by reporting what he saw. →~who (gives witness, testifies) to everything he saw- that is, the word of God and the testimony of Jesus Christ. (3절)Blessed is the one who reads aloud and blessed are those who listen to this prophetic message and heed what is written in it, for the appointed time is near. →~Blessed is the one who reads the words of this prophecy, blessed are those who listen to this prophetic message and heed what is written in it, for the time is near. keep, obey, follow, observe, (stick, adhere) to, uphold , guard (방어하다) defend, protect(보호하다), look after, take care of.지키다. heed.에 (주의, 유의)하다, ~에 주의를 기울이다, 규칙 등을 따르다, 아랑곳하다. (4절)grace to you and peace from him= grace and peace to you from him. (5절)firstborn, the eldest.맏이. (6절)~ who has made us into a kingdom, priests for his God and Father.= ~ who has made us to be a kingdom and priests to serve his God and Father. (7절)amid.으로 에워싸인, 의 한 복판에, 에 둘러싸여, 한창 …할 때에, 하는 동안 내내, 특히 흥분과 공포심이 느껴지는 (가운데, 중)에, 속에. with.와 같은 방향으로, 타고, 흐름 등을 따라. with the clouds.구름을 타고. surely, certainly, undoubtedly, at any cost(무슨 수를 써서라도), tightly, fast, exactly.꼭. Surely, so shall it be.꼭 그렇게 될 것입니다. (9절)find oneself on.(예상하지 못한, 바람직하지 않은) (장소, 상태에) 있다는 것을 깨닫다, 자신의 재능을 자각하다, 자기가 갈 길을 찾아내다, 자기의 천분을 깨닫다, 적소(適所)를 얻다. When I woke up, I found myself in the hospital.나는 깨어났을 때, 입원해 있는 것을 알았다. (be, live) on the island.~ 섬에서 지내다. proclaimed.선포하였기 (때문에). (10절)a loud voice that sounds like a trumpet.나팔소리처럼 울리는 큰 목소리. a voice as loud as a trumpet.나팔소리처럼 큰 목소리. (13절)ankle-length.발목까지 내려오는. ~(was) one like a son. sash.띠, 장식 띠. around his chest.그의 (가슴언저리에, 가슴둘레에). (14절)His head and hair.그분의 머리와 머리털은. The hair of his head.그분 머리의 머리털은. fiery.불의, 열화(烈火)의, 화염의, 불에 의한, 불붙은, 불타고 있는. 불같은, 불처럼 뜨거운; 불타는 듯한, 이글거리는, 얼얼하는, 매운. flame, blaze, flare.불꽃. (15절)refined.정련된, polish.(구두, 그릇, 가구, 유리 등을) 닦다, 반짝이게 하다, (광, 윤)을 내다. rushing water.(세차게, 급속히, 콸콸, 좌르르) 흐르는 물. (16절)high noon, midday, noon.한낮. (17절)catch sight of = see.보다. (흘끗, 언뜻) 보다, 언뜻 눈에 띄다, 찾아내다. lie(with one's) face down, lie prone, prostrate oneself. ligh down flat.엎드리다. Then.그러자. put, lay, place.얹다. touch.손 등으로 (만지다, 건드리다), (손 등을, 손을) 대다, 마음을 움직이다, 감동시키다. (18절)the living One = the one who lives. Once I was dead, but now I am alive forever and ever. →~ I was dead, but, behold, I am alive forever and ever. (20절)the secret meaning.→~ the mystery. secret meaning.(난해하고 감추어진, 비밀의) 의미, (비밀스러운, 남몰래 하는, 은밀한) (진의, 의미), 비밀을 푸는 열쇠.
*[1:1–3]This prologue describes the source, contents, and audience of the book and forms an inclusion with the epilogue (Rev 22:6–21), with its similar themes and expressions. * [1:3]Blessed is the one: this is the first of seven beatitudes in this book; the others are in Rev 14:13; 16:15; 19:9; 20:6; 22:7, 14. This prophetic message: literally, “the words of the prophecy”; so Rev 22:7, 10, 18, 19 by inclusion. The appointed time: when Jesus will return in glory; cf. Rev 1:7; 3:11; 22:7, 10, 12, 20. * [1:4–8] Although Revelation begins and ends (Rev 22:21) with Christian epistolary formulae, there is nothing between Rev 4; 22 resembling a letter. The author here employs the standard word order for greetings in Greek letter writing: “N. to N., greetings…”; see note on Rom 1:1. * [1:4]Seven churches in Asia: Asia refers to the Roman province of that name in western Asia Minor (modern Turkey); these representative churches are mentioned by name in Rev 1:11, and each is the recipient of a message (Rev 2:1–3:22). Seven is the biblical number suggesting fullness and completeness; thus the seer is writing for the whole church. * [1:5]Freed us: the majority of Greek manuscripts and several early versions read “washed us”; but “freed us” is supported by the best manuscripts and fits well with Old Testament imagery, e.g., Is 40:2. * [1:8]The Alpha and the Omega: the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. In Rev 22:13 the same words occur together with the expressions “the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End”; cf. Rev 1:17; 2:8; 21:6; Is 41:4; 44:6. * [1:9–20]In this first vision, the seer is commanded to write what he sees to the seven churches (Rev 1:9–11). He sees Christ in glory, whom he depicts in stock apocalyptic imagery (Rev 1:12–16), and hears him describe himself in terms meant to encourage Christians by emphasizing his victory over death (Rev 1:17–20). *[1:9]Island called Patmos: one of the Sporades islands in the Aegean Sea, some fifty miles south of Ephesus, used by the Romans as a penal colony. Because I proclaimed God’s word: literally, “on account of God’s word.” * [1:10]The Lord’s day: Sunday. As loud as a trumpet: the imagery is derived from the theophany at Sinai (Ex 19:16, 19; cf. Heb 12:19 and the trumpet in other eschatological settings in Is 27:13; Jl 2:1; Mt 24:31; 1 Cor 15:52; 1 Thes 4:16). * [1:11]Scroll: a papyrus roll. * [1:12–16]A symbolic description of Christ in glory. The metaphorical language is not to be understood literally; cf. Introduction. * [1:13]Son of man: see note on Mk 8:31. Ankle-length robe: Christ is priest; cf. Ex 28:4; 29:5; Wis 18:24; Zec 3:4. Gold sash: Christ is king; cf. Ex 28:4; 1 Mc 10:89; 11:58; Dn 10:5. *[1:14]Hair…as white as white wool or as snow: Christ is eternal, clothed with the dignity that belonged to the “Ancient of Days”; cf. Rev 1:18; Dn 7:9. His eyes were like a fiery flame: Christ is portrayed as all-knowing; cf. Rev 2:23; Ps 7:10; Jer 17:10; and similar expressions in Rev 2:18; 19:12; cf. Dn 10:6. * [1:15]His feet…furnace: Christ is depicted as unchangeable; cf. Ez 1:27; Dn 10:6. The Greek word translated “refined” is unconnected grammatically with any other word in the sentence. His voice…water: Christ speaks with divine authority; cf. Ez 1:24. * [1:16]Seven stars: in the pagan world, Mithras and the Caesars were represented with seven stars in their right hand, symbolizing their universal dominion. A sharp two-edged sword: this refers to the word of God (cf. Eph 6:17; Heb 4:12) that will destroy unrepentant sinners; cf. Rev 2:16; 19:15; Wis 18:15; Is 11:4; 49:2. His face…brightest: this symbolizes the divine majesty of Christ; cf. Rev 10:1; 21:23; Jgs 5:31; Is 60:19; Mt 17:2. *[1:17]It was an Old Testament belief that for sinful human beings to see God was to die; cf. Ex 19:21; 33:20; Jgs 6:22–23; Is 6:5. *[1:18]Netherworld: Greek Hades, Hebrew Sheol, the abode of the dead; cf. Rev 20:13–14; Nm 16:33. *[1:19]What you have seen, and what is happening, and what will happen afterwards: the three parts of the Book of Revelation, the vision (Rev 1:10–20), the situation in the seven churches (Rev 2–3), and the events of Rev 6–22. *[1:20]Secret meaning: literally, “mystery.” Angels: these are the presiding spirits of the seven churches. Angels were thought to be in charge of the physical world (cf. Rev 7:1; 14:18; 16:5) and of nations (Dn 10:13; 12:1), communities (the seven churches), and individuals (Mt 18:10; Acts 12:15). Some have seen in the “angel” of each of the seven churches its pastor or a personification of the spirit of the congregation. a. [1:1] 22:6–8, 20; Dn 2:28 / 19:10. b. [1:3] 22:7 / Lk 11:28. c. [1:4] 8; 4:8; 11:17; 16:5; Ex 3:14. d. [1:5] 3:14; 1 Cor 15:20; Col 1:18 / Heb 9:14; 1 Pt 1:19; 1 Jn 1:7. e. [1:6] Ex 19:6; 1 Pt 2:9. f. [1:7] Dn 7:13 / Zec 12:10; Mt 24:30; Jn 19:37. g. [1:8] 17; 21:6; 22:13; Is 41:4; 44:6; 48:12. h. [1:13] Dn 7:13; 10:5. i. [1:16] Heb 4:12. j. [1:17] Dn 8:18 / 1:8.
요한묵시록 제 2장
에페소 신자들에게 보내는 말씀 | |
1 |
“에페소 교회의 천사에게 써 보내라. ‘오른손에 일곱 별을 쥐고 일곱 황금 등잔대 사이를 거니는 이가 이렇게 말한다. |
2 |
나는 네가 한 일과 너의 노고와 인내를 알고, 또 네가 악한 자들을 용납하지 못한다는 것을 안다. 사도가 아니면서 사도라고 자칭하는 자들을 시험하여 너는 그들이 거짓말쟁이임을 밝혀냈다. |
3 |
너는 인내심이 있어서, 내 이름 때문에 어려움을 겪으면서도 지치는 일이 없었다. |
4 |
그러나 너에게 나무랄 것이 있다. 너는 처음에 지녔던 사랑을 저버린 것이다. |
5 |
그러므로 네가 어디에서 추락했는지 생각해 내어 회개하고, 처음에 하던 일들을 다시 하여라. 네가 그렇게 하지 않고 회개하지 않으면, 내가 가서 네 등잔대를 그 자리에서 치워 버리겠다. |
6 |
그러나 너에게 좋은 점도 있다. 네가 니콜라오스파의 소행을 싫어한다는 것이다. 나도 그것을 싫어한다. |
7 |
귀 있는 사람은 성령께서 여러 교회에 하시는 말씀을 들어라. 승리하는 사람에게는 내가 하느님의 낙원에 있는 생명나무의 열매를 먹게 해 주겠다.’” |
스미르나 신자들에게 보내는 말씀 | |
8 |
“스미르나 교회의 천사에게 써 보내라. ‘처음이며 마지막이고 죽었다가 살아난 이가 이렇게 말한다. |
9 |
나는 너의 환난과 궁핍을 안다. 그러나 너는 사실 부유하다. 또한 유다인이라고 자처하는 자들에게서 중상을 받는 것도 나는 안다. 그러나 그들은 유다인이 아니라 사탄의 무리다. |
10 |
네가 앞으로 겪을 고난을 두려워하지 마라. 보라, 이제 악마가 너희 가운데 몇 사람을 감옥에 던져, 너희가 시험을 받게 될 것이다. 너희는 열흘 동안 환난을 겪을 것이다. 너는 죽을 때까지 충실하여라. 그러면 내가 생명의 화관을 너에게 주겠다. |
11 |
귀 있는 사람은 성령께서 여러 교회에 하시는 말씀을 들어라. 승리하는 사람은 두 번째 죽음의 화를 입지 않을 것이다.’” |
페르가몬 신자들에게 보내는 말씀 | |
12 |
“페르가몬 교회의 천사에게 써 보내라. ‘날카로운 쌍날칼을 가진 이가 이렇게 말한다. |
13 |
나는 네가 어디에 사는지를 안다. 곧 사탄의 왕좌가 있는 곳이다. 그렇지만 너는 내 이름을 굳게 지키고 있다. 나의 충실한 증인 안티파스가 사탄이 사는 너희 고을에서 죽임을 당할 때에도, 너는 나에 대한 믿음을 저버리지 않았다. |
14 |
그러나 너에게 몇 가지 나무랄 것이 있다. 너에게는 발라암의 가르침을 고수하는 자들이 있다. 발라암은 발락을 부추겨, 이스라엘 자손들 앞에 걸림돌을 놓아 그들이 우상에게 바친 제물을 먹고 불륜을 저지르게 한 자다. |
15 |
너에게는 또한 니콜라오스파의 가르침을 고수하는 자들도 있다. |
16 |
그러므로 회개하여라. 그러지 않으면 내가 곧 너에게 가서, 내 입에서 나오는 칼로 그들과 싸우겠다. |
17 |
귀 있는 사람은 성령께서 여러 교회에 하시는 말씀을 들어라. 승리하는 사람에게는 숨겨진 만나를 주고 흰 돌도 주겠다. 그 돌에는 그것을 받는 사람 말고는 아무도 모르는 새 이름이 새겨져 있다.’” |
티아티라 신자들에게 보내는 말씀 | |
18 |
“티아티라 교회의 천사에게 써 보내라. ‘불꽃 같은 눈과 놋쇠 같은 발을 가진 이, 곧 하느님의 아들이 이렇게 말한다. |
19 |
나는 네가 한 일을, 너의 사랑과 믿음과 봉사와 인내를 안다. 또 요즈음에는 처음보다 더 많은 일을 한다는 것도 안다. |
20 |
그러나 너에게 나무랄 것이 있다. 너는 이제벨이라는 여자를 용인하고 있다. 그 여자는 예언자로 자처하면서, 내 종들을 잘못 가르치고 속여 불륜을 저지르게 하고 우상에게 바친 제물을 먹게 한다. |
21 |
내가 그에게 회개할 시간을 주었지만, 그는 자기 불륜을 회개하려고 하지 않는다. |
22 |
보라, 내가 그를 병상에 던져 버리겠다. 그와 간음하는 자들도 그와 함께 저지르는 소행을 회개하지 않으면, 큰 환난 속으로 던져 버리겠다. |
23 |
그리고 그의 자녀들을 죽음으로 몰아넣겠다. 그리하여 내가 사람의 속과 마음을 꿰뚫어 본다는 것을 모든 교회가 알게 될 것이다. 나는 너희가 한 일에 따라 각자에게 갚아 주겠다. |
24 |
그러나 티아티라에 있는 너희 나머지 사람들, 곧 그러한 가르침을 받아들이지 않고 그들이 말하는 ′사탄의 깊은 비밀′을 알려고도 하지 않은 이들에게 나는 말한다. 너희에게는 다른 짐을 지우지 않겠다. |
25 |
다만 내가 갈 때까지 너희가 가진 것을 굳게 지켜라. |
26 |
승리하는 사람, 내 일을 끝까지 지키는 사람에게는 민족들을 다스리는 권한을 주겠다. |
27 |
그리하여 옹기그릇들을 바수듯이 그는 쇠지팡이로 그들을 다스릴 것이다. |
28 |
내가 내 아버지에게서 받았듯이 그 사람도 나에게서 받는 것이다. 나는 또 그에게 샛별을 주겠다. |
29 |
귀 있는 사람은 성령께서 여러 교회에 하시는 말씀을 들어라.’” |
Revelation Chapter 2
To Ephesus. 1* “To the angel of the church* in Ephesus,* write this: “The one who holds the seven stars in his right hand and walks in the midst of the seven gold lampstands says this: 2“I know your works, your labor, and your endurance, and that you cannot tolerate the wicked; you have tested those who call themselves apostles but are not, and discovered that they are impostors.* 3Moreover, you have endurance and have suffered for my name, and you have not grown weary. 4Yet I hold this against you: you have lost the love you had at first. 5Realize how far you have fallen. Repent, and do the works you did at first. Otherwise, I will come to you and remove your lampstand from its place, unless you repent. 6But you have this in your favor: you hate the works of the Nicolaitans,* which I also hate. 7“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the victor* I will give the right to eat from the tree of life that is in the garden of God.”a To Smyrna.* 8“To the angel of the church in Smyrna,* write this: “The first and the last, who once died but came to life, says this: 9“I know your tribulation and poverty, but you are rich.* I know the slander of those who claim to be Jews and are not, but rather are members of the assembly of Satan.b 10Do not be afraid of anything that you are going to suffer. Indeed, the devil will throw some of you into prison, that you may be tested, and you will face an ordeal for ten days. Remain faithful until death, and I will give you the crown of life. 11“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches.c The victor shall not be harmed by the second death.”* To Pergamum.* 12“To the angel of the church in Pergamum,* write this: “The one with the sharp two-edged sword says this: 13“I know that you live where Satan’s throne* is, and yet you hold fast to my name and have not denied your faith in me, not even in the days of Antipas, my faithful witness, who was martyred among you, where Satan lives. 14* Yet I have a few things against you. You have some people there who hold to the teaching of Balaam, who instructed Balak to put a stumbling block before the Israelites: to eat food sacrificed to idols and to play the harlot.d 15Likewise, you also have some people who hold to the teaching of [the] Nicolaitans. 16Therefore, repent. Otherwise, I will come to you quickly and wage war against them with the sword of my mouth. 17“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the victor I shall give some of the hidden manna;* I shall also give a white amulet upon which is inscribed a new name, which no one knows except the one who receives it.”e To Thyatira.* 18“To the angel of the church in Thyatira,* write this: “The Son of God, whose eyes are like a fiery flame and whose feet are like polished brass, says this: 19“I know your works, your love, faith, service, and endurance, and that your last works are greater than the first. 20Yet I hold this against you, that you tolerate the woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess, who teaches and misleads my servants to play the harlot and to eat food sacrificed to idols.* 21I have given her time to repent, but she refuses to repent of her harlotry. 22So I will cast her on a sickbed and plunge those who commit adultery with her into intense suffering unless they repent of her works. 23I will also put her children* to death. Thus shall all the churches come to know that I am the searcher of hearts and minds and that I will give each of you what your works deserve.f 24But I say to the rest of you in Thyatira, who do not uphold this teaching and know nothing of the so-called deep secrets of Satan:* on you I will place no further burden, 25except that you must hold fast to what you have until I come. 26“To the victor,* who keeps to my ways* until the end, I will give authority over the nations.g 27He will rule them with an iron rod. Like clay vessels will they be smashed, 28just as I received authority from my Father. And to him I will give the morning star. 29“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches.”
(1절)write this.이렇게 써 보내라. write.써 보내라. 증여하다. (2절)admit, approve (of), allow, permit, countenance, tolerate.용납하다. unearth, discover, expiscate, trace, find out.밝혀내다. discover.발견하다, 감춰져 있거나 예상치 못하던 것을 밝혀내다, 가수나 배우 등을 발굴하다, 재능을 발견하다. liar, fibber, falsifier, fabler, ananias, con artist.거짓말쟁이. imposter.남의 이름을 사칭하는 자, 사기꾼, 협잡꾼. (3절)moreover.게다가, 더욱이. suffer.(질병, 고통, 슬픔, 결핍, 어려움 등에) (시달리다, 고통 받다, 어려움을 겪다), (부상, 패배, 상실, 어려움 등을) (겪다, 당하다), 더 나빠지다, 악화되다. have (a) difficulty, have a hard time (of it), suffer.어려움을 겪다. grow weary.지치다, 점점 지치다, 기진맥진하다. (4절)hold against.(~때문에) ~을 원망하다, 나쁘게 (생각하다, 보다), 을 거론하여 비난하다, ~을 이유로 ~을 좋지 않게 생각하다. scold, rebuke, tell sb off, give sb a scolding, blame, censure.나무라다. lost→ forsaken. Realize how far you→Therefore, remember where you~. (6절)have.(어떤 특질, 장점, 특징이) 있다. in one's favor.에게 (유익한, 좋은 점), 의 편의를 위한. But you have this in your favor.그러나 너에게 이런 좋은 점도 있다. (7절)whoever.~사람은(He who), 누구든 ~하는 사람(들), 누가 하든, 누구든. eat from.~에서 (나오는, 생산되는) (것을, 열매를) 먹다. garden→ paradise. (9절)(think of, consider, call, fancy) oneself (as), flatter oneself, set (oneself) up as.자처하다. member.(집단의) 한 사람, 회원, 사원, (미국의) 연방 의회 의원(Member of Congress); (특히) 하원 의원, (사람과 동물의) 몸의 일부, 한 기관(organ), 손발, 날개, 깃. assembly.의회, 입법 기관, 모임, 대중, 모인 사람, 무리, 집회, (학교에서의) 조례, (차량・가구 등의) 조립. (10절)suffer persecution.환난을 겪다. face an ordeal.시련에 (맞서다, 부딪치다), 수난을 당하다, 시련에 직면하다. ordeal.엄격한 (시련, 체험), (severe trial), 고난, 환난, 고생. remain faithful.변함없이 충성을 바치다, 에 충실하다(be faithful). (13절)I know that you live where Satan’s throne is,~→ I know where you live - where satan's throne is,~. abandon, desert, forsake, betray, break, go back on (one's promise), let sb down, be contrary to (one's expectation).저버리다. ~not even when Antipas, my faithful witness, was put to death in your city where Satan lives. (14절)incite, goad, egg on, instigate, coax (away, out), entice.부추기다. (descendant, offspring, posterity, progeny) of the Israelites.이스라엘 자손. to commit sexual immorality.불륜을 저지르다. play the harlot.(창녀, 매춘부와) (놀아나다, 유희하다). (15절)likewise.똑같이, 비슷하게, 마찬가지로, 또한. (16절)of(be, come, be born, descend 등의 동사 뒤에서) ~으로부터, ~에서 나오는, ~에서 온, ~출신의. quickly.(속도를) 빨리, 빠르게, (시간상으로) 곧, 빠르게. soon.곧, 머지않아, 이내, 빨리. (17절)amulet.돌. (18절)fiery:1장 14절 참조. brass.놋쇠. brazen.놋쇠로 만든. polished.(잘 닦아서) (윤, 광)이 나는, (기교 등이) (세련된, 우아한). (19절)nowadays, (in) these days, of today, today's, lately, recently, of late, recent.요즈음. ~and that nowadays you are doing greater(or more) than the first. (20절)자처하다; 9절 참조. call oneself.(자칭, 자처)하다. tolerate(tάlərèit).(용인, 허용, 묵인)하다, 너그럽게 봐주다, ~을 참다, 견디다, ~하는 것을 참다, 용서하다, (약, 독물, x선) 등에 내성이 있다. mislead.(호도, 오도)하다, ~로 잘못 인도하다, ~으로 유인하다. (22절)see, watch, look (at), catch sight (of), (set, lay, clap) eyes (on) spot, witness.보라. hardship, ordeal, difficulties, trouble, sufferings, tribulation.환난. big, large, bulky, big, great.크다. intense.극심한, 강렬한, 맹렬한, 열정적인, 진지한. 격렬한, 극도의, 대단한, 색이 짙은.
(2:1–3:22절)Each of the seven letters follows the same pattern: address; description of the exalted Christ; blame and/or praise for the church addressed; threat and/or admonition; final exhortation and promise to all Christians. (2:1–7절)The letter to Ephesus praises the members of the church there for their works and virtues, including discerning false teachers (Rev 2:2–3), but admonishes them to repent and return to their former devotion (Rev 2:4–5). It concludes with a reference to the Nicolaitans (see note on Rev 2:6) and a promise that the victor will have access to eternal life (Rev 2:7). (2:1절)Ephesus: this great ancient city had a population of ca. 250,000; it was the capital of the Roman province of Asia and the commercial, cultural, and religious center of Asia. The other six churches were located in the same province, situated roughly in a circle; they were selected for geographical reasons rather than for the size of their Christian communities. Walks in the midst of the seven gold lampstands: this signifies that Christ is always present in the church; see note on Rev 1:4. (2:2절)Who call themselves…impostors: this refers to unauthorized and perverse missionaries; cf. Acts 20:29–30. (2:6절)Nicolaitans: these are perhaps the impostors of Rev 2:2; see note on Rev 2:14–15. There is little evidence for connecting this group with Nicolaus, the proselyte from Antioch, mentioned in Acts 6:5. (2:7절)Victor: referring to any Christian individual who holds fast to the faith and does God’s will in the face of persecution. The tree of life that is in the garden of God: this is a reference to the tree in the primeval paradise (Gn 2:9); cf. Rev 22:2, 14, 19. The decree excluding humanity from the tree of life has been revoked by Christ. (2:8-11절)The letter to Smyrna encourages the Christians in this important commercial center by telling them that although they are impoverished, they are nevertheless rich, and calls those Jews who are slandering them members of the assembly of Satan (Rev 2:9). There is no admonition; rather, the Christians are told that they will suffer much, even death, but the time of tribulation will be short compared to their eternal reward (Rev 2:10), and they will thus escape final damnation (Rev 2:11). (2:8절)Smyrna: modern Izmir, ca. thirty miles north of Ephesus, and the chief city of Lydia, with a temple to the goddess Roma. It was renowned for its loyalty to Rome, and it also had a large Jewish community very hostile toward Christians. (2:9-10절)The church in Smyrna was materially poor but spiritually rich. Accusations made by Jewish brethren there occasioned the persecution of Christians; cf. Acts 14:2, 19; 17:5, 13. *(2:11절)The second death: this refers to the eternal death, when sinners will receive their final punishment; cf. Rev 20:6, 14–15; 21:8. (2:12-17절)The letter to Pergamum praises the members of the church for persevering in their faith in Christ even in the midst of a pagan setting and in face of persecution and martyrdom (Rev 2:13). But it admonishes them about members who advocate an unprincipled morality (Rev 2:14; cf. 2 Pt 2:15; Jude 11) and others who follow the teaching of the Nicolaitans (Rev 2:15; see note there). It urges them to repent (Rev 2:16) and promises them the hidden manna and Christ’s amulet (Rev 2:17). (2:12절)Pergamum: modern Bergama, ca. forty-five miles northeast of Smyrna, a center for various kinds of pagan worship. It also had an outstanding library (the word parchment is derived from its name). (2:13절)Satan’s throne: the reference is to emperor worship and other pagan practices that flourished in Pergamum, perhaps specifically to the white marble altar erected and dedicated to Zeus by Eumenes II (197–160 B.C.). (2:14-15절)Like Balaam, the biblical prototype of the religious compromiser (cf. Nm 25:1–3; 31:16; 2 Pt 2:15; Jude 11), the Nicolaitans in Pergamum and Ephesus (Rev 2:6) accommodated their Christian faith to paganism. They abused the principle of liberty enunciated by Paul (1 Cor 9:19–23). (2:17절) The hidden manna: this is the food of life; cf. Ps 78:24–25. White amulet: literally, “white stone,” on which was written a magical name, whose power could be tapped by one who knew the secret name. It is used here as a symbol of victory and joy; cf. Rev 3:4–5. New name: this is a reference to the Christian’s rebirth in Christ; cf. Rev 3:12; 19:12; Is 62:2; 65:15. (2:18-19절)The letter to Thyatira praises the progress in virtue of this small Christian community (Rev 2:19) but admonishes them for tolerating a false prophet who leads them astray (Rev 2:20). Her fate is sealed, but there is hope of repentance for her followers (Rev 2:21–22). Otherwise, they too shall die (Rev 2:23). They are warned against Satanic power or knowledge (Rev 2:24–25). Those who remain faithful will share in the messianic reign, having authority over nations (Rev 2:26–27), and will in fact possess Christ himself (Rev 2:8). (2:18절)Thyatira: modern Akhisar, ca. forty miles southeast of Pergamum, a frontier town famous for its workers’ guilds (cf. Acts 16:14), membership in which may have involved festal meals in pagan temples. * (2:20절)The scheming and treacherous Jezebel of old (cf. 1 Kgs 19:1–2; 21:1–14; 2 Kgs 9:22, 30–34) introduced pagan customs into the religion of Israel; this new Jezebel was doing the same to Christianity. *(2:23절)Children: spiritual descendants. (2:24절)The so-called deep secrets of Satan: literally, “the deep things of Satan,” a scathing reference to the perverse teaching of the Nicolaitans (Rev 2:15). (2:26-28절)The Christian who perseveres in faith will share in Christ’s messianic authority (cf. Ps 2:8–9) and resurrection victory over death, symbolized by the morning star; cf. Rev 22:16. (2:26절)Who keeps to my ways: literally, “who keeps my works.” a. [2:7] 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 13:9; Mt 11:15. b. [2:9] Jas 2:5. c. [2:11] 20:6, 14; 21:8. d. [2:14] Nm 22–24; 25:1–3; 31:16; 2 Pt 2:15; Jude 11. e. [2:17] Is 62:2; 65:15. f. [2:23] 1 Sm 16:7; Jer 11:20; 17:10. g. [2:26] 12:5; Ps 2:8–9.
요한묵시록 제 3장
사르디스 신자들에게 보내는 말씀 | |
1 |
“사르디스 교회의 천사에게 써 보내라. ‘하느님의 일곱 영과 일곱 별을 가진 이가 말한다. 나는 네가 한 일을 안다. 너는 살아 있다고 하지만 사실은 죽은 것이다. |
2 |
깨어 있어라. 아직 남아 있지만 죽어 가는 것들을 튼튼하게 만들어라. 나는 네가 한 일들이 나의 하느님 앞에서 완전하다고 보지 않는다. |
3 |
그러므로 네가 가르침을 어떻게 받아들이고 어떻게 들었는지 되새겨, 그것을 지키고 또 회개하여라. 네가 깨어나지 않으면 내가 도둑처럼 가겠다. 너는 내가 어느 때에 너에게 갈지 결코 알지 못할 것이다. |
4 |
그러나 사르디스에는 자기 옷을 더럽히지 않은 사람이 몇 있다. 그들은 흰옷을 입고, 나와 함께 다닐 것이다. 그럴 자격이 있기 때문이다. |
5 |
승리하는 사람은 이처럼 흰옷을 입을 것이다. 그리고 나는 생명의 책에서 그의 이름을 지우지 않을 것이고, 내 아버지와 그분의 천사들 앞에서 그의 이름을 안다고 증언할 것이다. |
6 |
귀 있는 사람은 성령께서 여러 교회에 하시는 말씀을 들어라.’” |
필라델피아 신자들에게 보내는 말씀 | |
7 |
“필라델피아 교회의 천사에게 써 보내라. ‘거룩한 이, 진실한 이 다윗의 열쇠를 가진 이 열면 닫을 자 없고 닫으면 열 자 없는 이가 이렇게 말한다. |
8 |
나는 네가 한 일을 안다. 보라, 나는 아무도 닫을 수 없는 문을 네 앞에 열어 두었다. 너는 힘이 약한데도, 내 말을 굳게 지키며 내 이름을 모른다고 하지 않았다. |
9 |
보라, 나는 사탄의 무리에 속한 자들을 이렇게 하겠다. 그들은 유다인이라고 자처하지만 사실이 아니다. 거짓말을 하고 있을 뿐이다. 보라, 나는 그들이 와서 네 발 앞에 엎드리게 하겠다. 그리하여 내가 너를 사랑한다는 것을 그들이 알게 될 것이다. |
10 |
네가 인내하라는 나의 말을 지켰으니, 땅의 주민들을 시험하려고 온 세계에 시련이 닥쳐올 때에 나도 너를 지켜 주겠다. |
11 |
내가 곧 간다. 네가 가진 것을 굳게 지켜, 아무도 네 화관을 빼앗지 못하게 하여라. |
12 |
승리하는 사람은 내 하느님 성전의 기둥으로 삼아 다시는 밖으로 나가는 일이 없게 하겠다. 그리고 내 하느님의 이름과 내 하느님의 도성, 곧 하늘에서 내 하느님으로부터 내려오는 새 예루살렘의 이름과 나의 새 이름을 그 사람에게 새겨 주겠다. |
13 |
귀 있는 사람은 성령께서 여러 교회에 하시는 말씀을 들어라.’” |
라오디케이아 신자들에게 보내는 말씀 | |
14 |
“라오디케이아 교회의 천사에게 써 보내라. ‘아멘 그 자체이고 성실하고 참된 증인이며 하느님 창조의 근원인 이가 말한다. |
15 |
나는 네가 한 일을 안다. 너는 차지도 않고 뜨겁지도 않다. 네가 차든지 뜨겁든지 하면 좋으련만! |
16 |
네가 이렇게 미지근하여 뜨겁지도 않고 차지도 않으니, 나는 너를 입에서 뱉어 버리겠다. |
17 |
′나는 부자로서 풍족하여 모자람이 없다.′ 하고 네가 말하지만, 사실은 비참하고 가련하고 가난하고 눈멀고 벌거벗은 것을 깨닫지 못한다. |
18 |
내가 너에게 권한다. 나에게서 불로 정련된 금을 사서 부자가 되고, 흰옷을 사 입어 너의 수치스러운 알몸이 드러나지 않게 하고, 안약을 사서 눈에 발라 제대로 볼 수 있게 하여라. |
19 |
내가 사랑하는 사람들을 나는 책망도 하고 징계도 한다. 그러므로 열성을 다하고 회개하여라. |
20 |
보라, 내가 문 앞에 서서 문을 두드리고 있다. 누구든지 내 목소리를 듣고 문을 열면, 나는 그의 집에 들어가 그와 함께 먹고 그 사람도 나와 함께 먹을 것이다. |
21 |
승리하는 사람은, 내가 승리한 뒤에 내 아버지의 어좌에 그분과 함께 앉은 것처럼, 내 어좌에 나와 함께 앉게 해 주겠다. |
22 |
귀 있는 사람은 성령께서 여러 교회에 하시는 말씀을 들어라.’” |
Revelation Chapter 3
To Sardis. 1“To the angel of the church in Sardis, write this: “The one who has the seven spirits of God and the seven stars says this: “I know your works, that you have the reputation of being alive, but you are dead. 2Be watchful and strengthen what is left, which is going to die, for I have not found your works complete in the sight of my God. 3Remember then how you accepted and heard; keep it, and repent. If you are not watchful, I will come like a thief, and you will never know at what hour I will come upon you. 4However, you have a few people in Sardis who have not soiled their garments; they will walk with me dressed in white, because they are worthy. 5“The victor will thus be dressed in white, and I will never erase his name from the book of life but will acknowledge his name in the presence of my Father and of his angels. 6“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches.”;
To Philadelphia. 7“To the angel of the church in Philadelphia, write this:
“The holy one, the true, who holds the key of David, who opens and no one shall close, who closes and no one shall open, says this: 8“I know your works (behold, I have left an open door before you, which no one can close). You have limited strength, and yet you have kept my word and have not denied my name. 9Behold, I will make those of the assembly of Satan who claim to be Jews and are not, but are lying, behold I will make them come and fall prostrate at your feet, and they will realize that I love you. 10Because you have kept my message of endurance, I will keep you safe in the time of trial that is going to come to the whole world to test the inhabitants of the earth. 11I am coming quickly. Hold fast to what you have, so that no one may take your crown. 12“The victor I will make into a pillar in the temple of my God, and he will never leave it again. On him I will inscribe the name of my God and the name of the city of my God, the new Jerusalem, which comes down out of heaven from my God, as well as my new name. 13“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches.”;
To Laodicea. 14“To the angel of the church in Laodicea, write this: ‘The Amen, the faithful and true witness, the source of God’s creation, says this: 15“I know your works; I know that you are neither cold nor hot. I wish you were either cold or hot. 16 So, because you are lukewarm, neither hot nor cold, I will spit you out of my mouth. 17 For you say, ‘I am rich and affluent and have no need of anything,’ and yet do not realize that you are wretched, pitiable, poor, blind, and naked. 18I advise you to buy from me gold refined by fire so that you may be rich, and white garments to put on so that your shameful nakedness may not be exposed, and buy ointment to smear on your eyes so that you may see. 19Those whom I love, I reprove and chastise. Be earnest, therefore, and repent. 20“Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, [then] I will enter his house and dine with him, and he with me. 21I will give the victor the right to sit with me on my throne, as I myself first won the victory and sit with my Father on his throne. 22“Whoever has ears ought to hear what the Spirit says to the churches.”;”
(1절)says this.이렇게 말한다. ~have the reputation of being alive.살아 있다고 하는 명성을 (지녔지만, 가졌지만, 얻었지만). “사실은” redundant한 번역임. (2절)watchful.주의 깊은, (조심, 경계를, 주의)하는, 조심스러운, 바짝 정신 차리다. Keep oneself awake, (be, stay) awake.깨어있다. 아직 남아 있지만→ 아직 남아 있는데. for.~않기 때문이다. (3절)Therefore.그러므로 remember, meditate, review, reflect on, ruminate, chew over.되새기다. soil.더럽히다, 훼손하다, 때 묻히다. (5절)thus.(앞서 말한, 또는 다음에 말하는) 바와 같이, (이, 그)와 같이, 이처럼, 이렇게(in this way), 그렇게, 그러므로, 따라서(accordingly), 주로 형용사와 부사를 수식하여 이만큼, 이 정도로(to this extent). testify, attest, depose, give evidence, give testimony, bear witness (to).증언하다. acknowledge.(인정, 동의, 시인, 고백)하다, 미소나 몸짓 등으로 알고 있음을 알리다, 답하다, 감사하다, 사의를 표하다, 서신이나 선물 등을 받았음을 알리다. (7절)shall.(예언, 운명적 필연) 반드시 ~(할, 일) 것이다. and.명령문 또는 이에 준하는 구문 뒤에서; 그러면(and 다음의 절은 will, would를 포함하는 경우가 많음. ~who opens and no one shall close, who closes and no one shall open,~가진 이가 열면 (반드시) 닫을 자 없을 것이고 닫으면 (반드시) 열 자 없을 것이다. 그가 이렇게 말한다. (8절)limited.부족한, 유한의, 좁은, 한정된, 결여된, 둔한. You have limited strength, and yet.너는 체력에 자신이 없는데도. open.열린, 열려 있는. ~수 없는 열린 문을 네 앞에 남겨 두었다. deny.(부정, 부인, 거절, 취소, 진실이 아니라고 말)하다. do not know, be ignorant of.모른다. (9절)prostrate oneself, fall prostrate, lie (with one's) face (down, downward), fall down, lie prone.엎드리다. (10절)of.신분, 정체, 구성 요소, 내용물 등을 나타냄. the issue of housing.주택문제. message of endurance.인내 메시지. my message of command.인내하라는 나의 말을. earth.지구, 세상, 지상, 땅, 지면. (11절)quickly→ soon.곧. go out, get out.밖으로 나가다. leave.떠나다, 출발하다, 탈퇴하다, 학교를 그만두다, 퇴학하다. (14절)The Amen.아멘이신 분. The Amen (itself, the very thing).아멘 그 자체. (16절)So.그래서 (17절)For you say.(사실, 실은) 말한다.~ ,and yet.(예상 밖의, 또는 대조적인 내용을 이끌어) 그런데. ~have no need of anything.그 어느 것도 (필요 없다, 모자람이 없다). (18절)~볼 수 있게 하여라.→ 볼 수 있도록(연고를 살 것을 너에게 권한다). ointment.연고. eyewash, eye lotion, eye water, ophthalmic, eye drop.안약. (19절)reprove.꾸짖다, (책망, 비난)하다. chastise(ʧæstáiz).꾸짖다, 혼내주다, discipline, punish, penalize, reprimand, take disciplinary action.징계하다. ~win the victory.승리를 (거두다, 차지하다). 내가 승리한 뒤에→ (내가, 나 자신이, 나 역시) 먼저 승리를 거두고 ~처럼.
(3:1-6절)The letter to Sardis does not praise the community but admonishes its members to watchfulness, mutual support, and repentance (Rev 3:2–3). The few who have remained pure and faithful will share Christ’s victory and will be inscribed in the book of life (Rev 3:4–5). (3:1절)Sardis: this city, located ca. thirty miles southeast of Thyatira, was once the capital of Lydia, known for its wealth at the time of Croesus (6th century B.C.). Its citadel, reputed to be unassailable, was captured by surprise, first by Cyrus and later by Antiochus. The church is therefore warned to be on guard. (3:5절)In white: white is a sign of victory and joy as well as resurrection; see note on Rev 2:17. The book of life: the roll in which the names of the redeemed are kept; cf. Rev 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27; Phil 4:3; Dn 12:1. They will be acknowledged by Christ in heaven; cf. Mt 10:32. (3:7-13절)The letter to Philadelphia praises the Christians there for remaining faithful even with their limited strength (Rev 3:8). Members of the assembly of Satan are again singled out (Rev 3:9; see Rev 2:9). There is no admonition; rather, the letter promises that they will be kept safe at the great trial (Rev 3:10–11) and that the victors will become pillars of the heavenly temple, upon which three names will be inscribed: God, Jerusalem, and Christ (Rev 3:12). (3:7절)Philadelphia: modern Alasehir, ca. thirty miles southeast of Sardis, founded by Attalus II Philadelphus of Pergamum to be an “open door” (Rev 3:8) for Greek culture; it was destroyed by an earthquake in A.D. 17. Rebuilt by money from the Emperor Tiberius, the city was renamed Neo-Caesarea; this may explain the allusions to “name” in Rev 3:12. Key of David: to the heavenly city of David (cf. Is 22:22), “the new Jerusalem” (Rev 3:12), over which Christ has supreme authority. (3:8절)An open door: opportunities for sharing and proclaiming the faith; cf. Acts 14:27; 1 Cor 16:9; 2 Cor 2:12. (3:10절)My message of endurance: this does not refer to a saying of Jesus about patience but to the example of Christ’s patient endurance. The inhabitants of the earth: literally, “those who live on the earth.” This expression, which also occurs in Rev 6:10; 8:13; 11:10; 13:8, 12, 14; 17:2, 8, always refers to the pagan world. (3:12절)Pillar: this may be an allusion to the rebuilding of the city; see note on v 7. New Jerusalem: it is described in Rev 21:10–22:5. (3:14-22절)The letter to Laodicea reprimands the community for being lukewarm (Rev 3:15–16), but no particular faults are singled out. Their material prosperity is contrasted with their spiritual poverty, the violet tunics that were the source of their wealth with the white robe of baptism, and their famous eye ointment with true spiritual perception (Rev 3:17–18). But Christ’s chastisement is inspired by love and a desire to be allowed to share the messianic banquet with his followers in the heavenly kingdom (Rev 3:9–21). (3:14절)Laodicea: ca. forty miles southeast of Philadelphia and ca. eighty miles east of Ephesus, a wealthy industrial and commercial center, with a renowned medical school. It exported fine woolen garments and was famous for its eye salves. It was so wealthy that it was proudly rebuilt without outside aid after the devastating earthquake of A.D. 60/61. The Amen: this is a divine title (cf. Hebrew text of Is 65:16) applied to Christ; cf. 2 Cor 1:20. Source of God’s creation: literally, “the beginning of God’s creation,” a concept found also in Jn 1:3; Col 1:16–17; Heb 1:2; cf. Prv 8:22–31; Wis 9:1–2. (3:15-16절)Halfhearted commitment to the faith is nauseating to Christ; cf. Rom 12:11. (3:16절)Spit: literally, “vomit.” The image is that of a beverage that should be either hot or cold. Perhaps there is an allusion to the hot springs of Hierapolis across the Lycus river from Laodicea, which would have been lukewarm by the time they reached Laodicea. (3:17절)Economic prosperity occasioned spiritual bankruptcy. (3:18절)Gold…fire: God’s grace. White garments: symbol of an upright life; the city was noted for its violet/purple cloth. Ointment…eyes: to remove spiritual blindness; one of the city’s exports was eye ointment (see note on Rev 3:14). (3:20절)Christ invites all to the messianic banquet in heaven; cf. Is 25:6; Lk 14:15; 22:30. a. [3:3] Mt 24:42–44; Mk 13:33; 1 Thes 5:2; 2 Pt 3:10. b. [3:4] 7:13–14. c. [3:5] Ps 69:29; Dn 12:1 / Mt 10:32. d. [3:7] Is 22:22; Mt 16:19. e. [3:9] 2:9 / Is 45:14; 60:14. f. [3:11] 2:25; 22:7, 20. g. [3:12] 21:2–3; Ez 48:35 / 19:13. h. [3:14] 1:5. i. [3:17] Prv 13:7; Lk 12:21. j. [3:19] Prv 3:11–12; 1 Cor 11:32; Heb 12:5–11. k. [3:21] Lk 22:28–30; Mt 19:28.