소해면상뇌증(소海綿狀腦症, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy )

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Wikipedia description-English version

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease in cattle, that causes a spongy degeneration in the brain and spinal cord and red eyes. BSE has a long incubation period, about 4 years, usually affecting adult cattle at a peak age onset of four to five years, all breeds being equally susceptible.^[1] In the United Kingdom, the country worst affected, more than 179,000 cattle have been infected and 4.4 million slaughtered during the eradication programme.^[2]

It is believed, but not proven, that the disease may be transmitted to human beings who eat the brain or spinal cord of infected carcasses.^[3] In humans, it is known as new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD or nvCJD), and by April 2008, it had killed 163 people in Britain, and 37 elsewhere^[4] with the number expected to rise because of the disease's long incubation period.^[5] Between 460,000 and 482,000 BSE-infected animals had entered the human food chain before controls on high-risk offal were introduced in 1989.^[6]

A British inquiry into BSE concluded that the epidemic was caused by cattle, who are normally herbivores, being fed the remains of other cattle in the form of meat and bone meal (MBM), which caused the infectious agent to spread.^[7][8] The origin of the disease itself remains unknown. The infectious agent is distinctive for the high temperatures at which it remains viable; this contributed to the spread of the disease in Britain, which had reduced the temperatures used during its rendering process.^[7] Another contributory factor was the feeding of infected protein supplements to very young calves.

한국어 번역본

소해면상뇌증( - 海綿狀腦症, BSE;Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)은 소에게서 발생하는 치명적인 신경 퇴행성 질환으로, 흔히 광우병(狂牛病, 영어: mad cow disease)이라고 불린다. 이 질병은 소의 뇌와 척수가 스폰지(해면) 모양으로 변질되며 눈이 붉어지는 증상이 있다. 우뇌해면증(牛腦海綿症) 또는 우해면양뇌증(牛海綿樣腦症)이라는 용어도 쓰이지만, 대한민국의 국립수의과학검역원은 "소해면상뇌증"이라는 용어를 사용하고 있다.^[1] 영미권에서는 나라마다 주로 사용하는 용어가 다른데 미국 언론은 주로 소해면상뇌증을 'mad cow disease(광우병)'이라고 부르나 영국 언론은 'BSE'라고 통칭한다. 구제역이나 우역과 같은 가축 질병 정도의 대량 발병 사태가 발생한 적은 없지만 인간에게 감염될 수 있으므로 위험성이 있다. 사람에게 나타나는 비슷한 병으로 흔히 소의 광우병에서 전염될 가능성이 있는 병은 변종 크로이츠펠트-야코프병(variant Creuzfeldt-Jakob disease, vCJD)을 말한다.