Crabapple

[박대선]

Malus

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"Crabapple" redirects here. For the cultivated fruit, see Apple. For the Australian tree, see Pouteria eerwah. For other uses, see Crabapple (disambiguation) and Malus (disambiguation)

MalusScientific classification

Type speciesSpecies

Malus ‘Purple Prince'[1]
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Rosaceae
Subfamily:	Amygdaloideae
Tribe:	Maleae
Subtribe:	Malinae
Genus:	Malus Mill.
Malus sylvestris Mill. (1768)
See text

Malus (/ˈmeɪləs/[2] or /ˈmæləs/) is a genus of about 30–55 species[3] of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including the domesticated orchard apple, crab apples, wild apples and rainberries.

The genus is native to the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.

Contents

• 1Description
• 2Subdivisions and species
  • 2.1Natural hybrids
• 3Ecology
• 4Cultivation
  • 4.1Cultivars
• 5Toxicity
• 6Uses
• 7Gallery
• 8References
• 9External links

Description[edit]

Flowering crabapple blooms

Apple trees are typically 4–12 metres (13–39 feet) talI at maturity, with a dense, twiggy crown. The leaves are 3–10 centimetres (1+1⁄4–4 inches) long, alternate, simple, with a serrated margin. The flowers are borne in corymbs, and have five petals, which may be white, pink, or red, and are perfect, with usually red stamens that produce copious pollen, and a half-inferior ovary; flowering occurs in the spring after 50–80 growing degree days (varying greatly according to subspecies and cultivar).

Many apples require cross-pollination between individuals by insects (typically bees, which freely visit the flowers for both nectar and pollen); these are called self-sterile, so self-pollination is impossible, making pollinating insects essential.

A number of cultivars are self-pollinating, such as 'Granny Smith' and 'Golden Delicious', but are considerably fewer in number compared to their cross-pollination dependent counterparts.

Several Malus species, including domestic apples, hybridize freely.[4]

The fruit is a globose pome, varying in size from 1–4 cm (1⁄2–1+1⁄2 in) in diameter in most of the wild species, to 6 cm (2+1⁄4 in) in M. sylvestris sieversii, 8 cm (3 in) in M. domestica, and even larger in certain cultivated orchard apples. The centre of the fruit contains five carpels arranged star-like, each containing one or two seeds.

Subdivisions and species[edit]

About 42 to 55 species and natural hybrids are known, with about 25 from China, of which 15 are endemic.[citation needed] The genus Malus is subdivided into eight sections (six, with two added in 2006 and 2008).

hideImageScientific nameCommon nameDistributionSection Docyniopsis Schneid.

	Malus angustifolia (Aiton) Michx.	Southern crabapple	Eastern and south-central United States from Florida west to eastern Texas and north to New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Missouri
	Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.	Sweet crabapple	Great Lakes Region and in the Ohio Valley, United States
	Malus ioensis (Alph.Wood) Britton	Prairie crabapple	Upper Mississippi Valley, United States
	Malus brevipes (Rehder) Rehder	Shrub apple
	Malus doumeri (Bois) A.Chev.	Taiwan crabapple	China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam
	Malus leiocalyca S. Z. Huang		China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang)
	Malus meliana Handel-Mazzeti		China (Schuian)
	Malus tschonoskii (Maxim.) C.K.Schneid.	Chonosuki crabapple and pillar apple	Japan

[박대선]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malus

[박대선]

https://www.ruralsprout.com/crabapple-recipes/