유럽의 고립된 언어 바스크어와 우리말의 비밀

[조피디]

바스크어
바스크어 (Basque) 또는 에우스카라어 (Euskara)는 스페인 북부와 프랑스 남부, 피레네 산맥 주변의 바스크인들이 쓰는 말이다. 
바스크어는 친족 관계가 증명되어 있지 않은 고립된 언어로, 인도유럽어족 언어에 둘러싸여 있으나 이들 언어로부터 차용어를 제외한 기본어휘에는 비슷한 점이 없으며, 동일계통의 다른 언어도 존재하지 않는다. 언어학적 특이성이 일찍부터 주목을 끌어왔으며, 문법적 특징(능격의 존재 등)때문에 캅카스 제어 등의 다른 소수어들과의 비교연구도 이루어졌으나, 아직까지 특별히 같은 계통이라 할 언어는 밝혀져 있지 않다.
프랑스와 에스파냐의 국경인 피레네산맥 지방에서 쓰이는 언어. 
인도유럽어족의 언어에 둘러싸여 있으나 전혀 다른 계통의 언어이다. 60만∼70만 명의 언어인구가 있으나 방언의 차이가 심하다

출처:ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4

바스크어

lurra

땅

라라 나라 는 땅이다.

zelaia

들

들-->즐 

mendi
mendia
산

산만디 국어사전
산만디오픈사전도움말 

1. 산 꼭대기, 산고개를 일컫는 경상도의 사투리. 2. 산골짜기 혹은 촌을 가리킬 때 쓰는 말

極다할,극 곡 谷곡 

산=만디 
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *q̇HwV̄q̇V

Meaning: peak, high point, pillar

North Caucasian: *q̇HwV̄q̇V

Basque: *kuku-

Proto-Basque: *kuku-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 crest, top, summit, peak 2 (cock's) comb, crest (of birds) 3 treetop 4 tassel (of maize) 5 top stem (of maize)

Bizkaian: (Oñate) kukur 1, 2, (Durango) kukutz 1, (Gernika) kukulu 5

High Navarrese: kukur 1, 2

Low Navarrese: kukulu 5, (Ostibarre) kukula 2

Salazarese: kukula 3, kukil 1

Baztanese: kukur 1, 2, kukulu 5

Zuberoan: kükǘla 2

Roncalese: kukula 3, kukil 1, 2, 4, (Uztárroz) kukula 2

Comments: Some Bsq forms may have been influenced by Lat. cuculla 'hood, monk's cowl' (Span. cogulla, etc.), but this cannot explain most of the Bsq words. According to Aulestia & White standard Bsq uses txano or txoto for 'hood' and 'cowl'.

Comments and references : Etymological comparison suggested by John Bengtson.

바스크어

ura

물

부르 우르 

부르 무르 물 

개울

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *[ɫ]ɨ̆ɦwV ~*ɦwɨ̆[ɫ]V

Meaning: river, water

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ɦwɨ̆lV (/*lɨ̆ɦwV)

Sino-Tibetan: *lujH

Basque: *hur

Proto-Basque: *hur

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: water

Araban: ur

Bizkaian: ur

Gipuzkoan: ur

High Navarrese: ur

Low Navarrese: ur

Salazarese: ur

Lapurdian: ur

Baztanese: ur

Aezkoan: ur

Zuberoan: hur

Roncalese: ur

Comments and references : BCD 38. Differently in NSC 63. Probably also Basq *e=uli 'rain' (/h/ normally disappears after fossilized prefixes, in this case the [mass noun, uncountable] prefix *e= (~ *i=)..

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ħwirɨ́

Meaning: water, lake

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ħwirɨ

Proto-North Caucasian: *ħwirɨ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: lake, pond

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʔin-ħʷVrV

Proto-Lak: baIr

Proto-Dargwa: *ħerḳʷ

Proto-Lezghian: *ʡʷir

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular. The PD form reflects a diminutive building: *ħerḳʷ < *ħeru-ḳ.

Sino-Tibetan: *ri(a)j

Yenisseian: *xur1

Proto-Yenisseian: *xur1

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: water

Ket: ūĺ; uĺij6 'vapour above the water'

Yug: ur; urfɨ5 'dew'

Kottish: ūl; Ass. ul, койб. ūl

Arin: kul

Pumpokol: ul

Comments: ССЕ 298. Werner 2, 378 <*(k)uʎ / *(k)uʎǝ>.

Burushaski: *hurV́-

Common Burushaski: *hur-

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: 1 wet 2 becoming wet, overripe 3 juice of overripe fruits 4 wave, stream, whirlpool

Hunza: hurtá 1, hurú 3, hurúginas 4

Nagar: hurúṣ 2, hurú 3

Comments and references : Somewhat differently in SCE 102, DCE 22. In NSC 53 ST *G(h)ŏr ( ~ χ-, ɣ-) `soak, leak' is compared.