tired as he was 구문 익히기: [아래 참조]. tired as he was - 부사나 형용사 강조-양보절

[정찬삼]

tired as he was - 부사나 형용사 강조-양보절.hwp

64.00KB

John 04:06   

tired as he was 구문 익히기: [아래 참조]. tired as he was - 부사나 형용사 강조-양보절

󰂛 tired as he was 구문 익히기: 먼저 접속사 as 여러 의미 중 다음 두가지 용법을 알아보자.

󰊱 ① 원인·이유를 나타내는 부사절로 쓰였을 때 ---

⦗흔히 문두에 와서 원인·이유⦘ …하여서, …이므로, … 때문에 = ⟨󰄉⟩ ⇨ because 로 바꿔 쓸 수 있다.

• As he was tired from the journey, Jesus sat down by the well. = Because he was tired, --

여행으로 피곤하였기 때문에 예수님은 우물가에 앉으셨다.

• As I am ill, I will not go. 병이 나서 안 가겠다 = Because I am ill,

• We didn’t go, ɑs it rained hard. 비가 몹시 쏟아져서 우리는 가지 않았다. We didn’t go, because it -.

★ 정상 어순일 때는 because 로 바꿔 쓸 수 있다.

② ㉠보어나 부사를 강조 : ⦗형용사〔부사 과거분사〕+as ... 형태로⦘ …이〔하〕므로

보어나 부사를 강조하고 싶을 때는 ⦗형용사〔부사〕+as ... 형태로⦘ …이〔하〕므로의 형태로 바꿔쓸 수 있다.

• As he was tired from the journey, Jesus sat down by the well. --- 정상어순

→ = Tired as he was from the journey, Jesus sat down by the well. --- 보어인 tired 강조

→ = (Being) Tired from the journey, Jesus sat down by the well. --- 분사구문

• As I am ill, I will not go. = Ill as I am. I will not go. = (Being) Ill, I will not go.

• We didn’t go, ɑs it rained hard. 비가 몹시 쏟아져서 우리는 가지 않았다.

hard ɑs it rained -- 부사인 hard 강조

• As she was careless, she could never pass an examination.

= Careless as she was, she could never pass an examination. --- 보어인 careless 강조

그녀는 주의력이 부족해서 시험에는 도저히 합격할 수가 없었다.

= (Being) careless, she could never pass an examination. -- 분사구문

Ex. As[Because] he was tired, he couldn't attend the meeting.

= Tired as he was, he couldn't attend the meeting. 피곤했기 때문에 그 회의에 참석할 수 없었다.

= (Being) Tired he couldn't attend the meeting.

㉡ 현재분사 + as S do : As I live in a remote village, I rarely visitors.

Living as I do in a remote vilage, I rarely visitors.

= As it stands near the river, the house has a fine prospect.

Standing as the house does near the river, it has a fine prospect.

= As it stands on thw hill, the house comammands a fine view.

󰊲 양보를 나타내는 부사절로 쓰였을 때 --- Though he is rich, he cannot afford the expense. 양보를 나타냄 = Though (he is) rich ---- he is는 생략 가능

① [사전적 의미] ㉠ 양보 : 양보 (讓步)[양ː보] [명사] 1. 길이나 자리, 물건 따위를 사양하여 남에게 미루어 줌. 2. 자기의 주장을 굽혀 남의 의견을 좇음. [양보하다] [동사] 1. 길이나 자리, 물건 따위를 사양하여 남에게 미루어 주다. 2. 남을 위하여 자신의 이익을 희생하다. 3. 자기의 주장을 굽혀 남의 의견을 좇다.

㉡ A concessive clause [양보절] is a subordinate clause which refers to a situation that contrasts with the one described in the main clause. For example, in the sentence `Although he was tired, he couldn't get to sleep', the first clause is a concessive clause.

㉢ though [although] : [cobuild]1. You use though to introduce a statement in a subordinate clause which contrasts with the statement in the main clause. You often use though to introduce a fact which you regard as less important than the fact in the main clause. 2. You use though to introduce a subordinate clause which gives some information that is relevant to the main clause and weakens the force of what it is saying. [macmilan]3. used for introducing a statement that makes what you have just said seem surprising. 4. used for introducing a statement that makes your main statement seem less true or less likely.

② ㉠ 양보절이란 우리말과 잘 어울리지 않는다. 아마 그 이유는 우리나라에 영어 용어에 많은 영향을 미친 일본의 영향이 아닌가 생각한다. 더 좋은 문법적 용어가 생겨난다면 좋겠다.

㉡. 양보절의 개념 : Though he is rich, he cannot afford the expense.

[양보절 -부사절의일종] 그는 부자일지라도 [주절] 그 비용을 감당할 수 없다

Though he is rich, -- 일반적인 의견 제시 --- 부자니까 다 할 수 있을 것 같지만

[주절과의 반대 비교의 의미가 강함]

he cannot afford the expense. --- 자기 의견 제시 ---- 이런 형태의 문장을 양보절이라고 하며 접속사로는 though, although가 사용되고 전치사구로는 in spite of가 사용된다.

③ 양보절의 어법 : ㉠. 기본 기조 : ⓐ 접속사일 경우 : though, although, even if, even though를 사용한다.

ⓑ 전치사(구)인 경우 : in spite of를 사용 : 에도 불구하고, …을 무릅쓰고

though S + V ~, S + V ~ ~에도 불구하고

Though he is poor, he is happy. =  Despite his poverty, he is happy

= 전치사 + O(명사), S + V ~ ;  in spite of (~에도 불구하고, ~)  despite

Even though I was tired, I went to the party.    

Even if, Though,    Although     (비록 나는 지쳤지만, 나는 파티에 갔다.)  

In spite of  his diligence, he could not succeed.

Despite   For all    With all    After all  Notwithstanding  In (the) face of

(그의 근면에도 불구하고 그는 성공할 수 없었다.)

  ㉡ 양보절의 강조 용법 : ⓐ⦗형용사〔부사·명사·과거분사〕+as ...의 꼴로⦘(비록)…이〔하〕지만,…이긴 하나(though)

• Rich ɑs she is, she is not happy. 그녀는 부자이긴 하지만 행복하지는 않다

• Hero ɑs he was, he turned pale. 그는 비록 영웅이었지만 새파랗게 질렸다《명사 앞의 관사는 생략함》.

보어[강조] as 양보 부사절 : 양보절에서 보어를 강조하기 위해 앞에 내세운 형식; 관사가 생략됨에 주의》 • Millionaire though 〔as〕 he was, he is stingy. 그는 백만장자지만 인색하다《보어를 강조하기 위해 앞에 내세운 형식; 관사가 생략됨에 주의》 though he was tired -분사구문 강조- tired as he was = tired though he was = 아무리 피곤하다 할지라도 명사, 형용사, 과거분사, 부사 as[though] S V 형태의 양보절 : 《• although/even though등은 사용할 수 없다. • 또한 명사 앞에 부정관사 a/an을 사용할 수 없으나 • Though 뒤로 하면 다시 a/an을 붙여야 하고 Although도 사용가능하다.

㊀ 형용사 as[though] S V 형태의 양보절 : Rich as he is, he cannot afford the expense. 그 비용을 감당할 수 없다 = Rich though he is, = Though he is rich, he cannot afford the expense.

㊁ 명사 as[though] S V 형태의 양보절 : Coward as he was, he could not bear such an insult.

= Coward though he was, = Though he was an coward, he could not bear such an insult.

㊂ 과거분사 as[though] S V 형태의 양보절 : Though he was startled, he didn't lose his balance. '

= Startled though[as] he was,

㊃ 부사 as[though] S V 형태의 양보절 : Though he studied hard, he failed in the exam.

= Hard though[as] he was,

•✍•☞❊ 

Child as/though he was, he could understand it. (Although x)

= Though/Although he was a child, he could understand it. (As x)

ⓑ ⦗원형동사+as+주어+may〔might, will, would〕의 꼴로⦘(아무리) …하여도

• Though they would laugh, he maintained the story was true.

= Laugh ɑs they would, he maintained the story was true. 그들은 웃었으나, 그는 그 이야기가 정말이라고 우겼다.

ⓒ al· though [ɔːlðóu] conj. 비록 …일지라도, …이긴 하지만, …이라 하더라도

• Although he is rich, he is not happy. 그는 부자지만 행복하지는 않다

• He is active ~ he is very old. 그는 늙었으나 정력이 왕성하다.

※⟪NOTE⟫ ⑴ although는 though와 같은 뜻이지만, 격식 갖춘 어구로 주절에 앞서는 절에 흔히 쓰이며, as though, even though, what though ...? 따위의 관용구 중의 though 대신으로는 쓸 수 없음.

※⑵ 구어적으로 ‘그렇지만’을 문미에 둘 때에는 although는 쓸 수 없음: It’s very good.―It’s expensive, though. 아주 좋다―그렇지만 비싸다.

※⑶ although가 이끄는 절과 주절의 주어가 같을 때에는 그 주어와 be 동사를 생략하는 수도 있음: Although old, he’s quite strong.

※⑷ although, though가 이끄는 절이 문두에 올 때, 그 뜻을 강조하거나 관계를 명확하게 하기 위하여 yet를 쓸 수 있음: Although I’ve not known him long, yet have I come to admire him. 오래 사귀지는 않았지만 그러나 그에게 나는 감복했다.

④ -- ever 에 의한 양보절 용법 :

㉠ whatever : ⦗관계사: 양보를 나타냄⦘

ⓐ ⦗명사절을 인도⦘ …하는 모든, …하는 어떤 ―도

• Whɑtever orders he gives are obeyed. 그가 내리는 어떤 명령도 잘 지켜진다.

ⓑ ⦗부사절을 이끎⦘ 어떤 …이라도(no matter what)

• Whɑtever results may follow, I’ll try again. 어떤 결과가 되든, 다시 해 볼 것이다.

㉡ whoever : ⦗관계사: 양보를 나타내는 부사절을 인도⦘ 누가 …하더라도〔하여도〕(no matter who)

• Whoever may object, I won’t give up. 누가 반대하더라도 나는 단념하지 않겠다

• Whosever it is, I mean to have it. 누구의 것인지 모르지만 참말로 나는 그 것을 손에 넣고 싶다.

㉢ whichever :⦗관계사: 양보를 나타내는 부사절을 인도하여⦘ 어느(쪽이) ―을 …하여도(no matter which ...)

• Whichever side wins, it will not concern me. 어느 쪽이 이기든 나에게는 관계없는 일이다.

㉣ however : ⦗양보절을 이끌어⦘a) ⦗정도⦘ 아무리 …할지라도〔해도〕《⑴ 양보절에서는 흔히 may를 사용하지만 《구어》에서는 생략할 때가 많음. ⑵ 《구어》에서는 no matter how가 보통임》

• However late you are 〔may be〕, be sure to phone me. 아무리 늦더라도 꼭 전화를 하도록 하여라

• However carefully I (may) write, I sometimes make mistakes. 아무리 주의해 써도 나는 틀릴 때가 있다

• However great the pitfalls (are), we must do our best to succeed. 위험이 아무리 클지라도, 우리는 성공을 위해 최선을 다해야 한다《however가 수식하는 형용사가, be동사의 보어이고, 그 주어가 추상적인 명사일 때, be동사는 생략될 때가 있음》.

b) ⦗방식⦘ 어떤 (방)식으로 …하더라도, 아무리 …해도

• However we do it, the result will be the same. 어떤 식으로 하더라도 결과는 마찬가지일 것이다

• However we (may) go, we must get there by six. 어떤 방법으로 가든, 6시까지는 거기에 도착해야 한다.

󰂝 tired as he was from the journey의 다른 표현 그는 여행에서 피곤했기 때문에 이유를 나타내는 다양한 표현들 --특히 분사구문과 tired의 다른 뜻

㉠ 보어나 부사를 강조 : ⦗형용사〔부사 과거분사〕+as ... 형태로⦘ …이〔하〕므로

보어나 부사를 강조하고 싶을 때는 ⦗형용사〔부사〕+as ... 형태로⦘ …이〔하〕므로의 형태로 바꿔쓸 수 있다.

• As he was tired from the journey, Jesus sat down by the well. --- 정상어순

→ = Tired as he was from the journey, Jesus sat down by the well. --- 보어인 tired 강조

→ = (Being) Tired from the journey, Jesus sat down by the well. --- 분사구문

New Living Translation : Jacob’s well was there; and Jesus, tired from the long walk, sat wearily beside the well about noontime.

English Standard Version : Jacob’s well was there; so Jesus, wearied as he was from his journey, was sitting beside the well. It was about the sixth hour.

Berean Study Bible : Since Jacob’s well was there, Jesus, weary from His journey, sat down by the well. It was about the sixth hour.

Berean Literal Bible : And Jacob's well was there. Therefore Jesus, being wearied from the journey, thus was sitting at the well. The hour was about the sixth.

New American Standard Bible : and Jacob’s well was there. So Jesus, tired from His journey, was just sitting by the well. It was about the sixth hour

GOD'S WORD® Translation : Jacob's Well was there. Jesus sat down by the well because he was tired from traveling. The time was about six o'clock in the evening.

International Standard Version : Jacob's Well was also there, and Jesus, tired out by the journey, sat down by the well. It was about noon.

NET Bible : Jacob's well was there, so Jesus, since he was tired from the journey, sat right down beside the well. It was about noon.

New Heart English Bible : Jacob's well was there. Jesus therefore, being tired from his journey, sat down by the well. It was about noon.

Christian Standard Bible : Jacob’s well was there, and Jesus, worn out from his journey, sat down at the well. It was about noon.