'사람주어 + be동사 + 감정동사의 과거분사'라는 영어공식을 사라져야한다-엉터리 영어교육 퇴치를 위해

[코푸스산]

  아무리 늦어도 중학교 영어수업부터는 계속해서 듣게되는 '일본식 영어학교문법'의 함정들 중의 하나를 살펴보고, 그것으로부터 벗어나는 창의적 발상의 영어표현능력 향상이 이루어지기를 바란다. 창조적 표현을 막아놓고 영어교육자들과 학습자들이 갇혀있는 감옥과 같은 그런 족쇄들 중의 하나가 '사람주어 + be동사 + 감정동사 과거분사 ~.'라는 구조이다. 아래의 예를 통해서 영어교육자들이 얼마나 편협하게 교육하고, 학습자들의 표현능력을 얼마나 제한했는지 반성하기를 바란다.

1. 사람주어 + be동사 + scared ~ .

If you are not scared of ghosts, you probably can visit there.                        

 여러분이 유령을 무서워하지 않는다면, 아마도 거기에 방문할 수 있을 것입니다.

scared adjective

[more scared; most scared] :  afraid of something 뭔가를 두려워하는 :  nervous or frightened 긴장하거나 놀란
▪ The rabbit looked scared. ▪ I am really scared about speaking in front of the class. ▪ He was scared that his mother wouldn't let him go to the movies with his friends. ▪ She's scared to walk alone at night. ▪ The children got scared [=became frightened] and ran away. — 흔히 + of ▪ He was scared of asking her out. ▪ She's scared of snakes. ▪ I want to look in the file, but I'm scared of what I'll find. ▪ She was scared to death of flying. = She was scared stiff of flying. [=she was very scared of flying]

  Holloween 따위의 날이나 행사날 A, B, C 세 친구가 D[John}라는 친구를 겁주어 놀래키려 A에게 임무를 주었는데, B가 D를 겁주어 놀라게 했다면, A가 이렇게 표현할 수 있을 것이다.

  I was supposed to be scaring John.

이 표현에서 '사람주어 + be동사 + 감정동사의 과거분사'라는 문법공식은 여지없이 엉터리가 되고 만다.

  아래의 표현은 어떤가?

  It is just that he is scaring me.

¹scare /ˈskeɚ/ verb

scares; scared; scar·ing

1 [+ obj] :  to cause (someone) to become afraid (사람)을 겁먹게 하다 <<겁주다>> :  frighten
▪ You scared me. I didn't see you there. ▪ Stop that, you're scaring the children. ▪ The loud noise scared them. = They were scared by the loud noise. ▪ You nearly scared me to death. [=you scared me very much]

2 [no obj] :  to become afraid 겁먹다
▪ I don't scare easily.

scare away/off [phrasal verb]

scare (someone or something) away/off or scare away/off (someone or something) :  to cause (someone or something) to go away and stay away because of fear or because of possible trouble, difficulty, etc. 두려움 때문에 또는 말썽, 어려움 등이 있을지 모르기 때문에 …이 떠나거나 가까이 오지 못하게 하다 <<겁을 주어 …을 쫓아 버리다>>
▪ The dog scared the prowler away. ▪ The noise scared off the birds. ▪ Tourists have been scared off by the recent violence in the city. [=tourists have not visited the city because of the recent violence there] ▪ She finally found a man who's not scared away by the fact that she is a single mom raising two children.

scare into [phrasal verb]

scare (someone) into (something) :  to cause (someone) to do (something) because of fear (어떤 사람)이 두려움 때문에 (뭔가)를 하게 하다 <<…에게 겁을 주어 …을 하게 하다>>
▪ The police scared him into confessing his crime. ▪ They tried to scare us into buying more insurance.

scare up [phrasal verb]

scare (someone or something) up or scare up (someone or something) US, informal :  to find or get (someone or something) with some difficulty 조금 어렵게 …을 찾거나 구하다 <<마련하다>>
▪ We managed to scare up [=scrape up] the money. ▪ Let's try to scare up some people to play football.

scare a person stiff

• 남을 파랗게 질리게 하다

2. 사람주어 + be동사 + surprised ~ .

²surprise verb

-prises; -prised; -pris·ing

[+ obj] 1 :  to cause (someone) to feel surprised (어떤 사람)을 놀라게 하다
▪ The results will surprise you. ▪ Nothing you could say would surprise me. ▪ They surprised everyone by moving to the Bahamas. ▪ He surprised her at work with a vase of flowers. [=he unexpectedly gave her a vase of flowers while she was at work]

2 :  to find, attack, or meet (someone or something) unexpectedly 뜻밖에 …을 발견하다·공격하다·마주치다 <<기습하다>>
▪ A police officer surprised the burglars. ▪ The troops were surprised by an attack from the north.

You will be surprised to learn many amazing facts about them!         

 여러분은 말들에 대해 많은 놀라운 사실을 알면 무척 놀라게 될 거예요!

  아래와 같이 표현할 수 있도록 영어교육의 방향이나 방식이 바뀌어야 할 것이다.

Recently, a young boy from China is surprising the world.

최근 중국의 한 소년이 세계를 놀라게 합니다.

3. 사람주어 + be동사 + frightened ~ .

I was so frightened I broke out in a cold sweat.

너무 놀라서 식은땀이 다 났어.

break out

to suddenly begin to have sweat, a rash, etc., on your skin 갑자기 피부에 땀, 발진 등이 나기 시작하다 <<돋다>>
▪ He broke out in a sweat. [=he began to sweat] ▪ Eating strawberries makes her break out in hives. = Eating strawberries makes her break out. 

fright·en /ˈfraɪtn̩/ verb

-ens; -ened; -en·ing

1 [+ obj] :  to cause (someone) to become afraid (누군가)를 겁먹게 만들다
▪ The story really frightened me. ▪ The child was badly frightened by the mask. ▪ The story nearly frightened me to death. = The story nearly frightened the life out of me. [=the story frightened me very badly]

2 [no obj] :  to become afraid 겁먹다
▪ She doesn't frighten easily.

frighten away/off[phrasal verb]

frighten (someone or something) away/off :  to cause (someone or something) to go away or stay away because of fear …을 겁주어 다른 데로 가게 하거나 가까이 오지 못하게 하다 <<쫓아내다>>
▪ The dog frightened the prowler away. ▪ Tourists have been frightened off by the violence in the city.

frighten into[phrasal verb]

frighten (someone) into (doing something) :  to cause (someone) to do (something) because of fear (누군가)를 겁주어 (어떤 것)을 하게 하다
▪ The insurance agent tried to frighten her into buying the most expensive flood insurance. ▪ They frightened the boy into confessing his crime.

frighten out of[phrasal verb]

frighten (someone) out of (doing something) :  to keep (someone) from (doing something) because of fear (누군가)를 겁주어 (어떤 일)을 못하게 하다
▪ Bad economic news has frightened people out of putting their money in the stock market.

— frightened adjective[more frightened; most frightened]
▪ Are you frightened [=afraid] of dogs? ▪ a badly/very frightened child

— frightening adjective[more frightening; most frightening]
▪ There were frightening noises outside my tent. ▪ a frightening mask

— fright·en·ing·ly adverb
▪ The car came frighteningly close to the guardrail. ▪ It is frighteningly [=extremely] easy to mislead voters.

  아래와 같이 표현할 수 있도록 교육하고 배우자!

Maybe we shouldn't talk so much. We might be frightening the birds.                

아마 우리가 이야기를 너무 많이 하는 게 아닐까? 그래서 새들이 도망가는 건지도 몰라.

  대한민국 영어교육자들은 반성하여 기존 지도방법이나 지도서의 잘못이 무엇인지 철저히 분석하여, 학습자들에게 창의적 표현능력을 함양시킬 방법이 무언지에 대해 더 토론하고 고민해야 한다. 엉터리로 교육하고 학습하는 상상력과 창의력이 부족한 영어교육에서 벗어나기를 바라며. 정원장영어는 대한민국 영어교육이 영어본고장을 앞지를 수 있기를 바라며 더욱 매진할 것입니다.

  작가 한강의 작품 '채식주의자'같은 작품이 영국인 데보라 스미스'같은 번역가가 아니라 한국인 번역가에 의해 번역되기를 바라며. [사실 여기에 세상을 바라보는 눈이 있다면 정원장의 쪼크(좀 더 satire에 가까운)를 느낄 수 있습니다.] 그래야 Man Booker Prize이상을 노릴 수 있을 것입니다.