중국인의 식인습성:Key Ray Chong 저 Longwood Academic 출판

[wargamer]

Cannibalism in China
Key Ray Chong, Cannibalism in China, Longwood Academic: Wakefield, NH. (1990)

viii:

"We need to remind ourselves that the Chinese people are not particularly different from the other races of the world as far as the practice of survival cannibalism is concerned. When it comes to learned cannibalism, however, its practice is quite different. Worthy of note here is the fact that some types of learned cannibalism are found only in China. This study will attempt to examine this unique phenomenon."

"Particularly in ancient times, learned cannibalism was often practiced in China for culinary appreciation, and exotic dishes were prepared for jaded upper-class palates in times of health and/or sickness."

ix:

"As late as the 19th century, it was not unusual for Chinese executioners to eat the heart and brains of the criminals they disaptch. They also ate a portion of the human meat for health reasons, but when some extra meat was left, they sold it for profit."

"Li Shih-chen [DP: 1578] detailed the use of humans many times for medicinal purposes. He noted, for example, that human meat was a good cure for tuberculosis. For the same or similar purposes, he discussed in an equally detailed manner the use of human sweat, urine, sperm, breast milk, tears, dirt, nails and teeth. Even today, in the People"s Republic of China, the use of human fingers, toes, nails, dried urine, feces and breast milk are strongly recommended by the government to cure certain diseases."

x:

"Apart from this, the Chinese often ate their enemies out of hatred or revenge during wartime."

"During World War II, hate-cannibalism is reported to have occurred in China. Later, as the civil war between the Communists and the Nationalists went on for control of China, some Communist soldiers were executed routinely in a far-interior district; and their flesh and bones were eaten out of a spirit of revenge. One American priest told of seeing a Chinese Nationalist officer cut out and eat the heart of a Chinese Communist."

xi:

"In short, the Chinese are not necessarily different in any significant way from most other peoples in the world. And yet they are quite unique in the sense that there are so many examples of learned cannibalism throughout their history."

p.54:

"The many instances of cannibalism in China throughout antiquity serve as a prelude to the way that the practice of cannibalism later became an integral part of Chinese culture."

pp. 55-62: listings of Chinese surival cannibalism incidents Han to Ming (about one ever 1-2 lines)

"... there is little or no doubt about the practice of survival cannibalism in China."

p.79:

"Cannibalism was also often involved in the punishmen of criminals in Imperial China. After having been publicly executed, the bodies of the criminals were made available for public exhibition and consumption."

"In short the Chinese people used humans not only for food and medicine, but they also expressed their feelings of hatred or revenge by publicly eating the flesh and bones of their fellow men."

p. 88:

"In April 882, when the price of one tou (peck of rice went up to 30 min in Chang-an the rebels captured by government troops were sold as food."

p. 105:

"According to a more recent study, Chinese soldiers stationed in Taiwan before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 used to eat human flesh of the aborigines like pork; they could buy it at the marketplace. Human flesh was considered as a source of protein and a way to increase male sexual stamina."

p. 110: [great drought of 1876-1879]

"One Western observer said that the most shocking consequence of famine was the rapid spread of cannibalism... The Roman Catholic Bishop of Shansi, ... reported... "... now they kill the living to have them for food. Husbands eat their wives. Parents eat their sons and daughters, and children eat their parents." This was confirmed by a Chinese district magistrate, who made the following observations:

... a grandson chopped his grandomother to pieces, a niece boiled and ate her own aunt ..."

Methods of cooking (p. 157):

"The most popular methods for preparing human flesh were broiling, roasting, boiling and steaming. Next was pickling in salt, wine, sauce and the like.

p. 166:

"We have learned that there were far more instances of learned cannibalism than of survival cannibalism... Although we have reported more instances of learned cannibalism in this book, the actual number of victims caused by survival cannibalism could be far greater."

p. 170:

"The major conclusions drawn from this study are the following. Cannibalism can be classified in two categories: survival and learned cannibalism.

Learned cannibalism in China is different from cannibalism elsewhere. It is unique in the sense that it is an expression‎ of love and hatred, and a peculiar extension of Confucian doctrine."


맨 마지막만 번역해보겠습니다:
"중국의 습득적 식인(생존을 위한 식인과 대비)은 다른 어느 곳의 식인행위와 다르다. 그것은 애증표현이며 유교사상의 독특한 전개이기 때문이다."

Wargamer

수정:4월 5일

[「슬램덩크」]

엥? 사랑이 꼭 사람을 죽여야만 이루어 질까요? 또 유교에서 식인이 나오나요?

[wargamer]

난 충격 먹었는데 여기에서는 여기에 관심이 없군요. 충격적인것은 중국의 식인풍습이 단순한 흥미거리가 아니라 그나라 고유의 풍습과 사상을 이해하는데 필수불가결하다고 주장하는 학자들이 꽤 된다는... 내가 여기 회원들 영어실력을 무시하는것은 아니지만 내가 위의 글 다 번역하면 충격받는 사람들이 꽤 될것 같다는

[wargamer]

위의 글 쓴 저자는 텍사스 대학 원로교수로 있다 95년도 사망. 그냥 사이비 작가가 아니라는... 그리고 위꼬리말에 답변하자면 애증에서 주로 애 보다는 증 에 초점이 있죠. 유교가 식인을 권장한다는 것이 아니라 유교사상에서 변칙적으로 파생될수 있는 행위 라고 하면 이해를 도울까요?

[wargamer]

일설에 의하면 공자자신도 사람고기를 즐겼다는... '해'를 어떻게 해석하느냐에 따라 다른데 보편적 의미는 사람젓갈... 원래 그냥 젓갈이었는데 나중에 사람젓갈로 뜻이 변형되었다고 보는이도 있고... 저위에 882년 4월(양력 5월?) 반란군을 잡아서 사람고기로 팔았다는 군요. 당나라 말기인것 같은데....

[wargamer]

당나라 초기와 비슷한 풍속이 이어졌다면.. 얼마나 많은 고구려인들이 고기로 팔려나갔을까 하는 슬픈 생각을 해봅니다.