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토픽이 좀 늦어서 죄송합니다ㅠ,ㅠ
정말 생각보다 토픽만들기가 어렵네요.ㅋㅋㅋㅋㅋ 질문이 허접하지만 즐거운 토론이 되길!
Get me to the church on time for 10 years
If offered the opportunity to sit in church instead of in jail, most people would probably opt for a little extra piety. But when an Oklahoma judge offered that alternative to a 17-year-old facing manslaughter charges, the American Civil Liberties Union was less than impressed. According to Tulsa World, the ACLU filed a complaint Tuesday against a Muskogee, Okla., judge’s decision to include the religious requirement as a stipulation in the teenager’s deferred sentence.He has got involved in an alcohol-related car accident last year that killed his 16-year-old passenger. Alfred, who was classified as a “youthful offender,” pleaded guilty to manslaughter charges in August, Tulsa World reported. According to the Oklahoman, Alfred confessed to drinking but tested below the legal alcohol limit at the time of the crash. He was, however, still considered to be driving under the influence because he was underage.The teen avoided jail time when District Judge Mike Norman handed down a decade-long probation term in tandem with several other requirements, including that he attend church regularly, wear an alcohol-monitoring ankle bracelet, participate in drug and alcohol assessments, finish school, undergo counseling and contribute to speaking events warning against drunk driving, NBC News noted.
Q1. Do you think that the Judge insists to go church is right?
Q2. Do you have a religion? What do you think the difference between recommendation and insistence of a specific religion?
Q3. Have you ever forced religious choice by someone else? How was your feel?
Guns and culture in America
Here’s an interesting statistic: the second-highest rate of gun ownership in the world is in Yemen, a largely tribal, extremely poor country. The highest is in the United States, where there are almost as many guns as people: around 300 million guns for 311 million people. But here’s another interesting statistic: in the past 25 years, the proportion of Americans who own guns has fallen from about one in three to only one in five. However, the United States, unlike Yemen, is a rich country, and the average American gun-owner has four or five firearms. Moreover, he or she is utterly determined to keep them no matter what happens.What has just happened in Sandy Hook, Conn., is the seventh massacre this year in which four or more people were killed by a lone gunman. The fact that this time 20 of the victims were little girls and boys six or seven years old has caused a wave of revulsion in the United States, but it is not likely to lead to new laws on gun controls. It’s not even clear that new laws would help.Half the firearms in the entire world are in the United States. The rate of murders by gunfire in the United States is almost 20 times higher than the average rate in 22 other populous, high-income countries where the frequency of other crimes is about the same. There is clearly a connection between these two facts, but it is not necessarily simple cause-and-effect.Here’s one reason to suspect that it’s not that simple: the American rate for murders of all kinds ― shooting, strangling, stabbing, poisoning, pushing people under buses, etc. ― is seven times higher than it is in those other 22 rich countries. It can’t just be guns.And here’s another clue: the rate of firearms homicides in Canada, another mainly English-speaking country in North America with a similar political heritage, is about half the American rate ― and in England itself it is only one-30th as much. What else is in play here? Steven Pinker, whose book “The Better Angels of Our Nature” is about the long-term decline in violence of every kind in the world, is well aware that murder rates have not fallen in the United States in the past century. (Most people don’t believe that violence is in decline anywhere, let alone almost everywhere. That’s why he wrote the book.) And Pinker suggests an explanation for the American exception. In medieval Europe, where everybody from warlords to peasants was on his own when it came to defending his property, his rights and his “honor,” the murder rates were astronomically high: 110 people per 100,000 in 14th-century Oxford, for example. It was at least as high in colonial New England in the early 17th century.By the mid-20th century, the murder rate in England had fallen more than a hundredfold: in London, it was less than one person per 100,000 per year. In most Western European countries it was about the same. Whereas the U.S. murder rate is still up around seven people per 100,000 per year. Why?Pinker quotes historian Pieter Spierenburg’s provocative suggestion that “democracy came too early” to America. In European countries, the population was gradually disarmed by the centralized state as it put an end to feudal anarchy. Only much later, after people had already learned to trust the law to defend their property and protect them from violence, did democracy come to these countries.This is also what has happened in most other parts of the world, although in many cases it was the colonial power that disarmed the people and instituted the rule of law. But in the United States, where the democratic revolution came over two centuries ago, the people took over the state before they had been disarmed ― and kept their weapons. They also kept their old attitudes.Indeed, large parts of the United States, particularly in the southeast and southwest, still have an “honor” culture in which it is accepted that a private individual may choose to defend his rights and his interests by violence rather than seeking justice through the law. The homicide rate in New England is less than three people per 100,000 per year; in Louisiana it is more than 14.None of this explains the specific phenomenon of gun massacres by deranged individuals, who are presumably present at the same rate in every country. It’s just that in the United States, it’s easier for individuals like that to get access to rapid-fire weapons. And, of course, the intense media coverage of every massacre gives many other crazies an incentive to do the same, only more of it.But only one in 300 murders in the United States happens in that kind of massacre. Most are simply due to quarrels between individuals, often members of the same family. Private acts of violence to obtain “justice,” with or without guns, are deeply entrenched in American culture, and the murder rate would stay extraordinarily high even if there were no guns.Since there are guns everywhere, of course, the murder rate is even higher. But since the popular attitudes to violence have not changed, that is not going to change either.
Q1. What do you think a gun ownership in USA?
Q2. Do you think a gun ownership is the main reason of massacre?
Extreme diet in 20s causes osteoporosis later
Finally, the college scholastic ability test is over. High school seniors in the country now have time to enjoy their life, but many of them have a critical plan to execute — it’s the time when students, especially girls, start a diet, which they have delayed until “after the life-determining college test.”
However, there are a few things that you should pay extra attention to. The health of your joints in your 40s and 50s is determined in your 20s.
A sudden diet in adolescence can damage joints. Bone density, which is directly related with bone health, reaches its peak in people’s 20s and 30s and gradually reduces afterwards. Hence, they may be exposed to the risk of osteoporosis unless you pull the bone density up when you are young. Women should take special heed as they can suffer bone loss after menopause.
The 20s is the most appropriate time to increase the bone density. Unbalanced nutrition caused by diet at this time can weaken bones. The low bone density usually leads to osteoporosis, a disease caused by calcium depletion in the bones. When the body feels undernourished it makes up for the deficiency with the calcium stored in the bones, and that causes holes in them. Many people perform a “one-food diet,” eating only one kind of food to lose weight, but this causes undernourishment and calcium loss, increasing the risk of osteoporosis.
According to a 2009 survey by eight university hospitals in the country, which measured bone density of 2,228 women who had not been diagnosed with osteoporosis, those in their 20s came up with 1.135 grams per square centimeters (g/cm2) of the bone density while those in their 30s presented with 1.176g/cm2, and those in their 40s, 1.147g/cm2. The results were contrary to the medical theory — those in their 20s presented the lowest bone density compared with the other two age brackets. It is assumed that the diet of the young ladies in this study produced such a result.
Once the bone density decreases, it is difficult to get it back. It is good to control weight, but people should make sure that you take sufficient calcium. If you are worried about the side effect of immoderate diet — the osteoporosis in your middle years — you should avoid the so-called starving diet and lose weight by doing aerobic exercise to have healthy bones in the future.
To avoid the side effects of diet, people are recommended to lose between 0.5 to 2 kilograms per month and 6 to 24 kilograms per year, depending on the degree of obesity. This is because cells easily get larger in size to store fat but it takes more time for them to get smaller again.
For the past few years, high school seniors did nothing but sat and studied. Now, they should look after their joints. If they feel and leave the pain in the waist or the groin, it can develop into herniated lumbar disc or scoliosis, where spine, which is supposed to be in the center of the body, is deformed sideways.
As they lack exercise, high school seniors are likely to have weak muscles around the joints. Hence, heavy exercise and diet can easily harm them.
Currently, “Girls’ Generation Diet” and “Kim Shin-young Diet,” mimicking celebrities who lost weight, seem to be very popular. However, people should know that they have lost weight under the guidance of professional trainers. If people don’t care about their joints while young, they will definitely suffer from joint-related diseases in their middle years. If people are thinking of going on a diet for this coming winter, they need to first find the right exercises and plan the right diet.
Q1. Do you have any diet experience? Did you succeed?
Q2. Do you like exercising? How much do you care about your health?
첫댓글 오오.. 수고 많이 했어요^^