권토익 의 토익 뽀개기 교제 ( 반석 출판사)

[권토익]

시험에 꼭 나오는 쪽토 ( 반석 출판사)

대상 : 초급 . 중급

교제비 : 13900 원

구입처: 동국대/경주대/ 시내 서점에서




저도 여러분에 심정을 이해해요,

토익공부를 고집스럽게도 혼자해보니 너무너무 힘들었어요.

수십번 아니 수백번 포기 하고 싶어었어요

- 최근기출 유형/ 변형문제 풀이반 -


* 토익 곧 바뀌죠 (말하기. 쓰기 추가) 과연 우리는 ???

- 그러면 우린 먼저 빨리 토익을 끝내야죠

* 절대로 더 이상 기존의 토익 공부방법으로는
점수를 기대 할수가 없습니다



◎ 교 재:　　 기초영어(권비법)

저의 토익자료는 최근 5년간 기출문제와

새로워진 2003년형 토익기출 변형문제를 바탕으로해서

토익자료를 만들었읍니다

분명히 토익 변하고, 또 바뀌고 있읍니다

우리 빨리 토익을 끝내고,

우리가 필요한 영어를 배우십다

교재 : 제가 분석점검해서 만든 최근 토익 기출문제와 똑같은 유형의 문제들 2000

문제 정도를 모아서 만들었습니다. ( 2001년 에서 2003 년 12 월까지의 문제들 )

최근 8월 24 일까지 출제된 모든 기출 문제 유형들을 수업시간에 다루어 시험에 대

한 충분 한 대비가 될 수 있도록 준비합니다.


항상 더 좋아지고 새로운 내용으로 여러분께 많은 도움을 드리고자 합니다.
* 문장이란 5개 (주어 1 + 동사1 )

1.접속사 ( 주어2 +동사2 ) I come You go (.if.that,when,before,because)

2. 8 품사 : 명사 대명사 동사 전치사 접속사 형용사 (관 , 수) 부사 감탄사

3. 4 요소 : 주어 + 동사 + 목적어 + 보어
대명사 Be 동사 명사 주격 I am a boy.
명사 일반 동사 대명사(목) 목적격 I see him sing.
동명사(부정사) ,명사절 (that, what)

4. 문종류 : 단문(주+동), 중문 (문장 + 접속사 +문장), 복문 (단문+중문), 혼합문 (중문 +복문)

5. 1). 조동사 (will, can, may, must..) 동. 원 I want to go home.
I enjoy going home.

2). 본동사 - be 동사 be + 형용사 , + ing , + ed ( p. p)
- 일반동사 - 자동사 look at me 자동사 + 전치사= 타동사
- 타동사 see me
3). 준 동사 - 동명사 seeing 구 to see , in the room
- 부정사 to see 절 I see
- 분사(형용사) have seen

match with talk about
join into speak about
6 종류 : 평서문 - 긍정문 , 부정문 I go , I don"t go. resemble with graduate from
의문문 ( 동사+주어) Who is he ? discuss about deal with
명령문 open the door. marry with add to
감탄문(what, how) call to interfere with
accompany with

7 That 용법 ( 지시형용사, 지시대명사, 접속사, 관계사. 명사절) a . the ,that, of
8 도치 (1. 부정어 (no, nor, never,) 2 , only 등 문두, 3. 가정법 (조건절) if 생략

9 5 형식: 목적어(o) 보어(c)
자동사 완전자동사 X X s+ v 1형식
불완전 자동사 x o s+v+s. c 2형식
동사 완전 타동사 o x s+v+ o 3형식
타동사 수여동사 s+v+I.o+D.o 4형식
불완전타동사 o o s+v+o+o.c 5형식
ㄱ) The boy ( he is / is ) going to the movie with a friend .
ㄴ) The speaker ( was trying / trying ) to make his points......
*답: available, reliable , unlimited , finally, heavily, cordially, favorably, securely, properly,

1 ........... to the proposal drew favorable reactions from the public.

a) opposition b) opposing c) opposed d) to oppose

2 The ............. is that the economy will start to recover next year.
a) expect b) expectation c) expecting d) expected

3 (a) Speak in front of (b) a group of people (c) is very (d) difficult for most people.

4. The audience (a) they (b) appeared (c) to be delighted with his (d) presentation.
I come , and You go
5. After Jane was headhunter by a competitor, ..... left her job immediately.
a) she b) her c) hers d) herself

6. Through the purchase of new equipment, ____ will be increased.
(a) producing (b) produced (c) production (d) produce

7 To a) stay at b) the top in business , c) It good to learn from d) past experiences.

8. Mr. Soo, a) in his last e-mail, b) he think that we order wallpaper , c) to match
d) the new chairs.

9. Everyone , (a) includes the school b) principal , has been noticing (c) changes in
student test (d) results

10. If you (a) wish us to (b) send you a sample, please (c) enclosing check (d) for $2

11 This new a) equipment b) enabling drivers c) to reach d) their destination.

12. Studies show that _______ are passed from one person to another.
a) infect b) infections c) infectious d) infecting

13. The post office said a) that the mail b) returning because of c) the d) package.

14 She has a) the manual that b) explaining the manner c) for installing the d) hard
drive .

15 ------- had he left for the day than the telephone rang.
(A) Sooner (B) The sooner (C) Any sooner (D) No sooner

16 The taxi coupons a) are not b) transferable nor c) they cannot be used d) to tip the
driver.
17. According to the report , ....... 100 employees signed the agreement, but 250 others
refused to do so.
a) approximate b) approximated c) approximately d) approximation
1 will be given to funding proposals received by February 15.
A. Preferential B. Preferred C. Preference D. Preferring
2. (a) Improve customer service(b)is central to making the company(c) work(d) better ..
3. The police ...... that the number of crimes would increase this year...
a) estimation b) estimated c) estimating d) estimator.
4. Economists (a) prediction that (b) interest rates will continue (c) to decrease
(d) fiscal year.
5. An poll (a) showers that Randall Straus (b) is (c) currently the (d) most famous..
6 .Working in the (A) Union also (B) meaning that you (C) must (D) pay union due.

7. we a) are certain that vacuum cleaner b) giving you c) many years of trouble d) free
operation.
8. The CEO (a) of the video company (b) meeting with a banker to
(c) obtain ( d ) financing for new equipment.
9 If we ...... to work , we will probably finish ahead of time.
a) continue b) continually c) continuity d) continuous
10 Although we ...... your interest in our company, we are not hiring at this time.
a) appreciating b) appreciate c) appreciative d) appreciation

11. The Minister prefers train travel to flying when .... has extra time.
a) he b) him c) his d) himself
12. It is (a) impossible for the airplane (b) to take off (c) while is raining (d) so hard.
13 If a) your are going to b) apply for the job , you c) are asked to complete
d) the application form
14. Final (a) revisions (b) were (c) being made to the report just hours
before it (d) presenting to the board.

15 a) To succeed b) in the import-export business, c) it good to establish a niche in
d)) the market.
16. To obtain a passport, a) it necessary to submit three b) identical copies of a
color photo taken c) no more than 14 days d) prior to.
17. The a) number of products b) that they are aimed at c) improving energy is growing
d) rapidly
18. Applicants a) were first screened to exclude b) those who not c) meeting
d) requirements.
19 Insurance prices (a) have risen (b) since hospitals became (c) privatizes,
which (d) allowing doctors to make more money.
20. The office manager ---- supplies through a Web site that offers products.
(A) purchase (B) purchasing (C) purchases (D) to purchase
21. Nothing (a) be more important in business (b) than (c) creating a (d) positive first ....
22. City officials have (a) announce on the tunnel (b) will be closed (c) to all traffic for
the summer (d) due to restoration.
23. a) Only then b) he became aware of the fact that there were more difficulties
c) ahead than he d) had expected.
24 When the foreign visited restaurant , ...... were served a special mushroom
appetizer. a) they b) theirs c) whom d) who
* 관계사 ( 접속사 + 대명사 ) 역할2 개 다음 카페명: 권토익

종류 ; ㄱ. 관계대명사. ㄴ. 관계부사 ( 방법 how, 시간 when, 이유 why, 장소 where)

선 행사(명사만) 주격+(동사) 목적격+(주+동) 소유격+(명사)+완전문장
사람 who whom whose
사물(0) +동물 which which whose
사물(x) what what x

1 that (만능) 꼭 o ( 선행사가 사람+사물) / the only, anything, something, nothing,)
꼭 x 1 . .... , 뒤 (which 대신), 2. 전치사 + that)

2. that, what 차이: ( ) I have is not so much. ( ) I am a nice man is not true.

3. 복합관계대명사 ( 관계사 + ever ) 누구 이든지,/ .라 하더라도)
= 해석요 = no matter +의문사
4. those who (복수) , he who (단수), 차이

5. 관계부사 ( 전치사+ 관계사) 1. 시간 time = on which , 2. 장소 place = in which ,
3. 이유 reason = for which 4. 방법 way = in which

6. 유사 관계사 (as) the same ... as / such ... as

7. 의문사+ to +동사: what to do / how to do / where to go.

* that 용법 1 지시대명사. 2 지시형용사. 3 접속사 4. 관계사 5. 동격( the fact that,)



- Warm Up -


a. We need a person ( who , which ) speaks English.

b. We want designers ( who , whom ) have experience in graphics.

c. Give it to the person ( who , whose ) name is Kwon.

d. I will meet the lawyer ( who , whom ) you talk about .

e. The computer ( who , which ) will be in todays.

f. I went up the Tower ( which , whom ) is located in paris.
1. Blue jeans were originally made for people __________ worked outdoors.
(A) whom (B) what (C) who (D) which

2 Guests _____ wish to use the fitness club may pick up a key at the reception desk.
(a) which (b) who (c) those (d) they

3 The employees .......... participate in this special training will be promoted first.
a) whom b) which c) who c) what

4. I love my new job because the people with ..... I work are so friendly.
a) that b) them c) which d) whom

5. If you want , please write down the name of the doctor from .... you
received treatment. a) what b) who c) their d) whom

6. She is the kind of person ....... personality is always cheerful.
a) who b) whom c) who"s d) whose

7 Only those people .......... names are on the list can enter the reception.
a) who b) which c) whoever d) whose

8. After college, he wants to find a job ........ will allow him to work overseas.
a) which b) what c) who d) where

9. The robots _________ are used in this production are made in Germany.
(A) which (B) whom (C) of which (D) what

10 I thank you sending me the information about the positions for......I would like to
apply. a) which b) whom c) who d) what

11. She speaks Russian will be an asset in his position as communications manager
for Western Europe. (a) which (b) who (c) whichever (d) whoever


12. Jackie Banks ------ volunteered to participate in the show .
(A) what (B) which (C) whose (D) who

13. The only way to influence her is to talk about ________ she wants.
A) whose B) which C) what D) that

14. Mr Jones, the assistant , says he can not understand ..... the unions are
talking about . a) whether b) where c) that d) what

15. Park Manufacturing must know ------ he is trying to accomplish.
(A) that (B) what (C) how (D) whether

16. The truck driver"s (a) association is (b) lobbying for a law (c) what would make it

(d) legal for truckers to drive seven hours a day.
1. The job requires a programmer ________ is capable of writing the software.
a) whose B) what C) which D) who
2 For job information , see our newsletter ............ is published every Friday.
a) whose b) where c) which d) who
3 The accountant __________ I believed to be honest deceived me.
(A) whose (B) what (C) whom (D) which

4 The biologists (a) which compiled a dictionary of (b) biological terms for
school students (c) are planning on publishing (d) another version.
5 Any employee ...... proposal is selected for the presentation will receive a month"s
vacation. a ) whom b) which c) who d) whose
6 The instructor _______ classes many students take is going to be on a TV talk show
tomorrow. (A) whose (B) who (C) which (D) his
7. The doctor said a) that I shouldn"t eat anything b) what c) contains d) a lot of fat.
8. One thing (A) which I’d like to (B) mention to my boss (C) is that
he missed (D) that he promises .

9. Susan dressed to work , __________ drew unfavorable attention of the boss.
(A) that (B) while (C) what (D) which
10. Safety (a) measures for exiting (b) a building in case of a fire should be (c) posted at
every exit in the building , (d) that is mandatory.

11 She speaks a) fluent English , b) that is an advantage to c) getting a job d) at trading
company.

12. A person , ....... reputation is not very good, is subjected to
criticism. a) who b) which c) whose d) what

13 .... may be available on the night of the 31st is asked to attend the staff
meeting here at 6 p. m. that evening. a) what b) who c) whoever d) which

14 a) Who is the last(b)to leave the room should(c)turn off the lights(d)and lock the door.

15. Every who has been interviewed for the staff will receive a response within the next

two weeks. (a) apply (b) applied (c) applicant (d) application


16 Women business owners a) who they provide jobs for b) 14 million people are c) making an
d) economic contribution.

17 ........ the president wants is not more power but more sharing of responsibilities.
a) that b) although c) what d) after

18 ...... They finished the construction in 10 days is a remarkable achievement.
a) that b) what c) if d) when

19 Watso has branches a) in over twenty countries and b) employs 2000 people ,
d) many of them live in d) the suburbs.
* 시제 (동사) 3개
미래: next, soon , tomorrow :
현재 usually, always, everyday, these days , all the time , this ,now
과거 ago, last , just now, in 년도.once, .then. yesterday, at the time ,past , previous
과완: before
현완: since 주어+동사(과거) 시점, 연도 , 기간 for) over 숫자
미완 by the time + 현재 , next . by the end , in 년도

1 if ,unless, until , when, as soon as. , before ( 시간 ,조건절) + 동. 원 will (x)

2. insist , require , suggest ,recommend, necessary, imperative, reasonable
hat + ( should ) 동. 원



1 Since 1994 the company .... a leading advertising firm in the industry.
a) became b) becomes c) has become d) had become

2. Since last month"s staff training , we .... our employees"s performance
a) are reviewed b) have been reviewed c) have reviewed d) reviewing

3. The two companies ... closely together for well over 20 years
a) was worked b) have been working c) working d) work

4. (a) Although I took a (b) four-month leave of absence, I (c) have worked for
the General Electrics (d) for 1995.

5. The company ... in providing services to individual clients since 1911.
a) specialize b) specialized c) have specialized d) has specialized

6. The high - quality laser printers ... to gain popularity in 2002.
a) is starting b) have started c) started d) will start

7. Although I (a) have lived in this country (b) after September, I still have trouble
(c) getting (d) used to American food

8. We (a) are waiting for the (b) past seven days his reply (c) regarding
the (d) contract.

9 Mr. Dumas ------- Ms. Yoshida as office manager last Wednesday.
(A) name (B) named (C) is naming (D) namely

10. Emma (a) has gone to (b) work (c) In New York a year ago, and we (d) haven"t seen.

11. By the time the convict is released, he ____________ ten years in prison.
(A) will spend (B) has spent (C) will be spending (D) will have spent

12. By the time he retires as one of famous managers ,
he ... a large amount of money .
a) accumulated b) accumulates c) have accumulated d) will have accumulated.
13. By June of next year, (a) the majority of (b) blue - collar workers (C) have gone on
strike (d) at least once
14. Our R&D department ________ that project by the end of next year.
a) has completed (B) completed (C) will be completed (D) will have completed

15. By the time the FBI agents arrived, the invaders _________ practically everything of
importance..
(A) destroyed (B) destroy (C) had destroyed (D) will destroy

16. The express bus usually __________ on time on weekends and national holidays.
(A) is starting (B) starts (C) has started (D) started
17. Besides visiting his parents , he always ... out at a San fitness club with his
wife. a) work b) works c) working d) is working
18 The marketing team expects that our profits ............ next year
a) double b) will double c) has doubled d) doubled
19. The Franklin Corporation"s improved laser printer will ------- be on the market.
(A) since (B) closely (C) recently (D) soon
20. Four more employees ____________ to the branch in one week.
(A) will send (B) are sending (C) will be sent (D) have sent

21. Mr. Orkata claimed that the housekeeper never a) comes b) to clean his room the
c) entire time he stayed d) at the hotel.
22 a) Because cracks b) have been found c) on the wall , the d) construction was
discontinued
23. After the rain has a) stopped , the children (b) were allowed to (c) take their dog to
(d) the park.

24 The designer a) has worked b) as a free lancer c) before she returned
d) to Paris.
25. As soon as the products __________, she will dispatch them to the department.
(A) will arrive (B) arrive (C) is arriving (D) arrived
26.(a) If our flight (b) will not be delayed ,we (c) will have lunch (d) before the meeting.

27. (a) As soon as I(b) will graduate , I am (c) going to return(d) to my hometown.
28. I ask you (a) to spare me (b) some time before you (c) will attend (d) the conference
tomorrow.
29. If the government reduces the work hours, many small firms ------ bankrupt.
(a) will go (b) have gone (c) went (d) goes

30 If banks a) increase interest rates b) next month , many c) companies d) go bankrupt.
* 부사 4개 ( 형용사+ly ) ad+verb (권토익 ) 카페

1 위치: 부사 + 동사, 형용사, 부사, 문장부사.
ㄱ be..... p. p , ㄴ 조동사....일반동사, ㄷ 주어 .... 일반동사, ㄹ ...... 주어 + 동사
2 종류: 단수부사 now ,very 시간부사 already, still, yet , finally
의문부사 when, where ,why, how 관계부사 when, where ,why, how
빈도부사 (always, often, sometimes, frequently) 위치 ; be ,조동사 +빈도+ 일반동사
3 주의해야할 부사 * no longer= not any longer
hard 딱딱한, 열심히 / hardly, (준부정) scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom 거의 ∼하지 않는
high높은, 높이 / highly매우 near +장소 / nearly (almost, about) + 숫자 거의
close 가까이 / closely 밀접하게
4. 차이 late / lately. /most -mostly 5. short-shortly, 6. very(원급 / much(비교)
7. already (긍정) not yet, have yet to, / still not,+ing be+ good(형) / run + well,(부)
9. hardly any+복/ hardly ever+단, 10. like/ similar to/the same as
11 so many/so much.. that 12. too many / too much , too..to
13 almost all the / most people 14. be (just) about to , will (soon)
15. 전 +명= 형용사 of importance = important 예) currently under construction,

* (매월 4문제) 이상 출제된다. -> 부사를 병적으로 좋아한다.
work cooperatively, favorably received, work so efficiently, unconditionally guaranteed,
completely rejected, speak clearly, easily found, promptly need, cordially invited,
increasingly full, extremely successful, temporarily closed, be completely satisfied,
highly recommended, dramatically changed.

*무조건답 : finally, heavily, cordially, favorably, securely, properly, directly,
promptly, throughly, tightly

문장부사: increasingly, presumably, unfortunately, specifically, importantly, Surprisingly

1 ............ , we would like to know exactly what the price includes.
a) specifical. b) specifically c) specify d) specification.
2. --------, Mr. Russo has decided to leave the company at the end of this month.
(a) Regrettably (b) Regretting (c) Regret (d) Regrettable

3 a) Surprising , the b) existing computer has been shown to be c) faster than the new
d) one,

4 .When employees speak to customers on the telephones, they should always speak ......
(A) clear (B) clearly (C) clearness (D) clarity
5. Industry experts believe that the two processes were developed
--------. (A) concurrent (B) concurrence (C) concurrently (D) concurring
6. If the hoses are not connected -------, the washing machine will not function.
(A) tightness (B) tightened (C) tightly (D) tighten
7 The new bridge is .............. under construction
a) current b) currency c) currently d) more current
8 When competing for the public’s attention, a firm’s message must
be ________ communicated.
(A) efficiently (B) efficiency (C) efficient (D) efficiencies
9 The marketing team"s ideas were ........ accepted by corporate management.
a) ready b) readier c) readily d) readiness

10 Their new house will a) have to be b) thorough inspected c) before they will be
d) allowed to move in.
11 A parking permit should be .... displayed on the front window of any vehicle parked .
a) cleared b) clearly c) clearing d) clearance

12 The early morning a) had been cloudy and cool, but the temperature rose b) steady
we c) were regretting d) having dressed in warm clothing.
13 In a) order for the system b) to function c) proper , it should d) be regularly examined

14 Each government a) is working b) diligent towards c) maintaining real peace
d) throughout the world.

15. The company has not ________ been able to reach the sales goals set up at the
beginning of this year. (A) early (B) yet (C) still (D) already
16 He has been able to travel a) throughout asia because of his job , but he has not
b) still been to Thailand , c) which is where he d) wants to go.

17 Despite many years of study , Dr.Swantra has ... to finish his work on the gene.
a) yet b) even c) already d) still
18. Michael has lived in Peru for ten years, but he ________ doesn"t understand Spanish.
(A) already (B) yet (C) still (D) any more
19 The delivery would a) take less than three b) business days but I c) yet haven"t
received the d) package.
20 By the time they came back from their lunch , Caroline had ...... finished all the work.
a) already b) still c) yet d) so

21 The a) computers have b) yet arrived at the c) warehouse and will be d)put on
the shelves.
22 The U.S labor a) department reported that b) because fuel prices are b) too high ,
inflation has risen to its highest levels in d) near three years.
23 The new carry - on luggage is ....... heavy for ladies to carry several blocks.
a) already b) too much c) much too d) so much

24 They will not know the a) election outcome until B) almost the ballots C) have been
d) counted.
25 Although the plan a) was proposed b) last year , the permission was
c) a few weeks d) before.

28. One of the two candidates for the job opening is not qualified enough, so ----- will
be considered. A. another B. the other C. the others D. some
* 비교 2개

1.종류 : 원급; 형용사, 부사 / 비교급; 원급=er / 최상급: 원급 +est ( of , in )

as tall as, taller than , the tallest
as expensive as, more expensive than, the most expensive

2 항상 The 1. the most 2 the first 3 the same as

. 최상급 The +최상급( ㄱ. in +장소 =단수), ㄴ. of+ 복수)

* 주의: The +비교, The +비교 * of the two + The 비교급
the more , the better
3. 비교 강조: even, much, by far, still

4 불규칙 변화
good (well)-better-best / bad (ill)-worse-worst
many (much)-more-most / little-less-least
late-later-latest 늦은(시간) / late-latter-last 나중(순서)
far-farther-farthest 먼(거리) / far-further-furthest 더(정도)

5 * no later than , more than , rather than
* no more than = only / no less than = as (many, much) as
not more than = at most / not less than = at least
* than 대신( to) / prior to / senior to / superior to / major to, minor to
most people / the most important / almost all people
* 주의: low낮은 / lower 하등한, 내리다


1 We need to develop a method to reuse water as ------- as possible.
(A) efficient (B) more efficient (C) efficiency (D) efficiently

2 Because he was a) sick, his interview did not go b) as good as he c) would
d) have liked.

3 The president a) hesitated about b) signing the contract c) because
it might not be d) as well as it looked.

4. Plastic bottles are ------- than glass, and are therefore less expensive to ship.
(A) lightest (B) light (C) lightly (D) lighter

5. This house a)is more spacious b) as that white c)one I d)rented in New York last year.


6. a) Because this side of the building. b) it is c) more warmer than7
d) the other side.

7 a) Although it is b) even smaller c) when anticipated , the company makes the
d) most profits in the industry

8. Ms. Martin has the attendance record of the department.
(a) poor (b) poorer (c) poorest (d) poorly

9 Of all the candidates , she has the .... support.
a) stronger b) strongest c) more strongly d) most strongly

10 a) Of all the systems b) available, we c) will have to choose the d) more useful and
inexpensive one.

11 Bauman Corporation is currently the _______ plastics manufacturer in the world.
(A) large (B) larger (C) largely (D) largest

12 Computer science is one of a) most popular subjects b) in this c) technologically
d) advanced society.
13 That a) was one of b) the better business c) conferences he had ever d) attended

14 a) Even though car pools save money, b) most employees c) still prefer to drive to
work d) by alone.

15 The more important a) the meeting is , b) longer it may c) take to
d) reach a decision.
16 a) The more interviews you b) have , c) more confident you will become
d) in preparing for them.

17. The more a) sophistication the computer is, b)the faster the c) speed of d) processing
materials.
18 Of the two candidates, Mr. Spiers is ------- qualified for a update project.
(A) most (B) the better (C) better (D) much

19 Their after - sales service has become much ... than it was.
a) well b) good c) bad d) better
20 Economic a) conditions in this country b) have seldom been c) so better than
d) they now are.

21. a)Attendance records b)for this class are c) very higher than d) they were two months
ago.
22 a) The required b) documents must c) be received no d) later as the end of this month.
23 a) Earlier to the research , samples b) were gathered from c) hundreds of patients
from d) all around the world.
* 태 (수동태) 2 개

예) I loved her . - She was loved by me. be + p. p + ( by) 생략가능

1.태 공식 ; be + p. p , be + p. p +( 전치사) + 명사
1. 조동사( will, must, may, can + be + p. p + by
2. 완료형 have ,has , had + been + p. p + by
3. 진행형 be + being + p. p + by

2.자동사 수동태 X become,disappear,look,happen,go,resemble,exist,take place,rise,occur,
is become , is disappeared , is happened (x)
3. have , get + 목적어 + p. p , 4. 태 숙어 be expected ,supposed, estimated to

5 수동 형태가 들어간 관용적인 숙어도 잘 익혀두자!! by ( x )

감정 at->be surprised at, be disappointed at, , be amused at, be shocked at, be alarmed at
만족 with > be preoccupied with be satisfied with, be gratified with, be replaced with
be bored with, be crowded with, be filled with( be full of )

몰두 in -> be interested in, be absorbed in, be engaged in, be indulged in, be involved in
기타 : be released from, be dressed in, be engaged to ,be accustomed to
be accompanied by , be characterized by ,be known to , for , by , as

6 전치사가 2개 (o) be dealt with by , be relied on by , look upon A as B
숙어:regard A as B = A be regarded as B, consider A as b = A be considered as B

- warm up -
a. You can ( send , be sent ) the catalog by fax.
b. Payment can ( make , be made ) by credit card .
c. The letter was delivered ( my office , to my office )


1. Detective Sunil is _______ by recent developments
in the investigation. A) perplexing (B) perplexed (C) perplexedly (D) perplexity
2. Many jobs at the auto manufacturing plant have been _______ by robots.
A) replace (B) replaced (C) replacing (D) replacement

3. a) Only dental who have b) been licensing by the state are
c ) eligible for the d) open position .
4. The evidence (a) had been (b) removing by the building janitors (c) when the
investigator (d) arrived.
5. At the lunch (a) meeting , she had (b) disappointed by the (c) poor service and the
cold temperature (d) of the food.
6 The city auditorium was ... by the school department in preparation for
graduation ceremonies .
a) occupying b) being occupied c) been occupying d) been occupied
7. Service at the Westlake Hotel may be disrupted for the next three months because the
lobby is ___. (A) renovating (B) being renovated (C) been renovating (D) been renovated

8 The number of people able to meet in this room ... by the Fire Department
a) is limited b) are limiting c) limited d) are limited

9 The price ................ a breakfast from our own kitchen
a) including b) is including c) is included d) to include
10 As a) parking is b) not allowing around museum , we c) had better d) take the
subway
11. Please a) note that b) unauthorized persons are not c) permitting in the laboratory
(d) at any time.

12. Because of the rain, the (a) tournament had to be (b) postponing (c) until next
(d) week.

13 Hotel a) locations and rates b) are show on the c) reverse side of the reservation
d) form.
14 The department store will a) be opened a new b) branch in c) the east region d) before
the end of year.

15 a) Economists are b) expected a quick recovery c) from the first quarter"s
d) slowdown.
16 The a) executive b) was published some books c) on venture industries before
he d) joined our company.

17 Prices on women"s clothing have been ..... during the summer sale.
a) reduction b) reduce c) reduced d) reducing
18 Prices on all beachwear have been ------- by fifty percent for the summer sale.
(A) reduced (B) reducing (C) reduce (D reduces

19. We have been ....... some new products for our wholesale division.
a) experiment b) experiments c) experimenting d) experimented

20 Having a) been finished the community center b) sooner than expected , it c)was
available to start d) the addition

21 Tickets to the annual picnic can be .......... in the employee cafeteria.
a) purchasing b) for purchasing c) purchased d) to purchase
22. To reduce the opportunities for corruption, radical changes must be .... in the
economic structure. a) make b) making c) made d) to make
23 Electronic a) communications are allowing many people b) to use their homes
c) as offices, but offices will never d) be disappeared .
* 분사 4개 ( 형용사) 한정, 서술적용법

ㄱ 과거분사 excited people + ed (p. p) - 수동 - 상태적 - 해진
ㄴ 현재분사 exciting game + ing - 능동 - 동작적 - 하게 하는 , 하면서


1. catch .find, keep - ing / get , hear , make - ed
2 embarrassing mistake, embarrassed tour group , exciting scene / excited spectator

3 감정 동사) surprise, interest, satisfy, disappoint, discourage, frustrate , embarrass

fascinate, tire ,exhaust , depress ,please ,bore, confuse

4 암기), missing luggage, a lasting impression , an existing facility,
an opposing point of view, misleading information, a challenging task,

- Warm up -

a, The ( excited , exciting ) story made men ( excited , exciting )

b. As the speech was ( interesting , interested ) , The audience ( interesting , interested )

c. (damaging , damaged ) products can be sent to our service center.


1. Not too many years ago, it was an _______ experience to travel 50 miles from home.
(A) excited (B) excite (C) exciting (D) excitedly

2. Applicants ------ in applying for the job openings should submit
and three letters of reference by the first of next month.
(A) interest (B) interesting (C) interested (D) who interested

3. His eloquent speech made the students ___________.
(A) fascinate (B) fascinating (C) fascinated (D) fascinations

4. She offers ... opportunities for professions in all fields of cruise liners.
a) exciting b) excited c) excite d) excitement

5. Mr. Park is ___________ because his English isn"t very good.
(A) disappointed (B) to be disappointed (C) disappoint (D) disappointing

6. Thousands of people are becoming .... to find that their name has already been taken,
a) disappoint b) disappointed c) disappointing d) disappointment.
7 The director resigned a) from the company b) because last year"s
c) sales record was d) disappointed.

8. You cannot ensure yourself a seat without .... reservations .
a) confirm‎ing b) confirmation c) confirmed d) to confirm‎
9. This product is guaranteed in accordance with the------ warranty.
(A) limited (B) limits (C) limitation (D) limiting
10. Employees ........... at the accident scene were taken to the hospital.
a) remain b) will remain c) remained d) remaining
11 The people ... the meeting expressed concern about the lack of interest.
a) attention b) attended c) attending d) attend
12 All a) people b) used one of our c) services are required d) to go through
security d) screening.
13. There can be a (a) presumption that any dog (b) beared an name tag controlled
(c) by the person (d) whose name appears on such tag.

14 .............. from all over the world , many students attend this university.
a) come b) came c) coming d) comed..
15 ......... that everyone was present , the president called the meeting to order.
a) noticed b) noticing c) notices d) notice
16 ............. by different companies , these parts are interchangeable.
a) manufacture b) manufactured c) manufacturing d) manufacturer
17 ......... a meeting we will present the trophies for the top salespersons
a) following b) followed c) follows d) follow
18 Once ..... , Evett Companys. will hold 75 percent of the company.
a) merge b) merging c) merged d) have merged

19 Once ------, the companies will create a chain with annual sales of $500 million.
(A) merge (B) are merged (C) merged (D) have merged
20 _____________, the two companies did not have any advantages .
(A) Though merging (B) Though merged (C) Since merging (D) Since merged

21. It will be along journey. we had better have the car ... before we set out.
a) serve b) service c) serving d) serviced.
22. The commander ordered his men to have their uniforms... and pressed before
leaving the ship. a) to clean b ) cleaned c) cleaning d) clean
23. It is reported that they had the equipment __________ yesterday.
(A) shipped (B) shipping (C) ship (D) was being shipped

24. The Committee usually has volunteers ..... the minutes of monthly meeting .
a) transcribe b) transcribed c) transcribing d) to be transcribed
25. His speech could not be heard even with the microphone .... on
a) turn b) turns c) turned d) turning
26 Secretarial duties have ....... since most executives now do their own typing on
computers. a) changing b) changed c) change d) be changed
27 Ms Emma has .... the two documents carefully , but she did not notice any
differences between them.
a) examining b) examined c) examine d) examines
29 The a) existed computes should b) be ungraded to c) have access d) to Internet .
* 가정법 2개 (mood)

법 의종류

ㄱ 직설법 예) I go.
ㄴ 명령법 예) open the door.
ㄷ 가정법 예) If I go home ,....

* 과거 - 직설법 현재, 가정법 과완-직설법 과거,
1. 가정법 미래 -- If + S + should ( were to) + Root, S + will + Root
2. 가정법 현재 -- If + S + 현재형 동사, S + will + Root(동사원형)
3. 가정법 과거 -- If + S + 과거동사 (be동사-->were), S+would/should/could/might+ Root
4. 가정법 과거 완료 -- If + S + had+pp, S + would/should/could/might + have+pp

1. 가정법 미래 : If he should be good at English, I will employ him. (강한 의심)
2. 가정법현재 : If he is good at English, I will employ him.( 불확실한 사실에 대한 단순가정)
3. 가정법 과거 : If he were good at English, I would employ him. (현재 사실의 반대)
4. 가정법 과거완료 : If he had been good at English, I would have employed him.(과거반대)

<If의 대용어구>
Provided(that) / Providing(that) / Suppose(that) / Supposing(that)등의 표현이 If를 대신해서
without , <Unless = If+ not>, as though but for ,( wish, as If )

1 insist ,require ,request, suggest , recommend ,order ,propose,(동사)
2 imperative , necessary, important (형용사) 3. suggestion ,recommendation(명사)
That 주어 + (should) + 동사원형

1. The manager insisted that all employees ... the benefit next Friday.
a) attend b) attends c) attended d) will attend
2 When a new toner cartridge is put into the copier, it is important that it ____ first.
(A) to shake (B) shaking (C) shaken (D) be shaken
3. The librarian has requested that any overdue books ----- by the end of the month.
a) returned b) return c) returning d) to return
4. The drivers (a) have been insisted (b) that their pay (c) is on par with
the average of the top 10 (d) trucking companies in the nation.

5. The secretary _______ that she be allowed to take classes on
using the new computer system. A) insisted (B) examined (C) understood (D) delighted
6. The parents association ... that children not be allowed to watch evening television.
a) advice b) permits c) recommends d) return
7 It is ............ that the use of vacation time be reported to the department.
a) familiar b) reluctant c) evident d) imperative
8 Please ..... to the company"s periodic reports on file for a discussion.
a) will refer b) referring c) to refer d) refer
9. The doctor (a) suggested that the patient (b) took vitamins every (c) morning before
breakfast , to (d) maintain good health.
10 If I had been told that you would go , I ... too.
a) had gone b) would go c) will have gone d) would have gone.
11. If there had been monopoly in the industry, competition -------.
(A) had eliminated (B) eliminates (C) would have been eliminated(D) would eliminate
12. If she (a) had not tried to (b) jump over (c)the hedge, she (d) had not broken her leg.

13. If I __________ English was so difficult, I would never have taken it up.
(A) had known (B) knew (C) would know (D) would have known
14. If the meeting (a) had started on time , the client would not (b) had left the building
(c) before the presentation (d) was made.

15. Jinny ____ a Chinese food for us last night if she had found the ingredients.
(A) had cooked (B) would have cooked (C) cooked (D) would be cooking
16 (a) He would have (b) taken a raincoat. if john (c) knew it (d) was supposed to rain,

17. If more commuters lived closer to train stations, they ---- their cars much less
(A) use (B) used (C) would use (D) will use

18. If the nation reduced its deficit, its economy ___________ strong again.
(A) is (B) would be (C) would have been (D) will be
19. If I ____________ harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office .
(A) worked (B) had worked (C) should have worked (D) work

20. Had I known you were coming to Chicago, I __________ to the airport to meet you.
(A) would have gone (B) would go (C) had gone (D) went]

21. a) Had we known that this group would do b) such a poor job, we c) would not given
d) them the contract

22. Had he .. , the company wouldn"t have gone bankrupt.
a) elect b) elected c) been elected d) electing
23. Had she ... as the chairperson of the committee, she would have chosen me
as vice-chairperson. a) appointed b) been appointed c) appoint d) appointing

24 a) Have we known b) the fact that they were very c) interested in our products,
we would have d) considered more.

25. ...... we known there was going to be a sale , we would have brought more money.
a) if b) had c) when d) should

26. Without your assistance , I .. . have never gotten all this work done on time.
a) can b) would c) will d) need
27 They ..... never have succeeded in winning the account without the director"s
effort. a) can b) may c) would d) will

28. My boss treats me ... I were his personal slave .
a) like it b) although c) as though d) even though
조동사
ㄱ 조동사: ( will( 미래), may (허가, 추측), can (가능), must (had to) ) + 동사 원형( to))
* 조동사 Do : do 하다 (조동사) Do you had.? / I don"t had..)
shall( should have + p. p) ought to , need, used to ( would) = be used to +ing
may well = may as well due to = be due to + ing
Can = be able to = be capable of + ing

1 The boss will ...... employees the end of the next quarter.
a) eval‎uate b) will eval‎uate c) eval‎uates d) eval‎uating
2. Minicomp hopes that the introduction of a new line of portable printers must _____
sales. (a) stimulating (b) is stimulated (c) to stimulate (d) stimulate
3. The department of secretary will copy and ______ the document .
(A) distribution (B) distributing (C) distribute (D) distributed

4. All insurance reports a) must to be b) sent to the head office c) within three days of
d) being filed.
5. We may (a) creation new business (b) opportunities for the company (c) by revising
our price (d) structure.

6. The government (a) can voting on the (b) transportation (c) legislation on the last
day of the (d) session.
7. Development (a) of tourism can (b) actually (c) to stimulate the economy (d)
through high employment.

8 The visitors did not ... safe in such a large city. a ) felt b) feel c) fell d) feeling
9.Twenty percent of people surveyed say they do not _______ enough about the
economy. a) understood B) understand C) understanding D) understands
10. Because she did not (a) has an (b) umbrella, she (c) refused to walk to lunch (d) in
the rain.

11. Without the help of an outside party , it is impossible to ... the work without bias.
a) eval‎uation b) eval‎uate c) will eval‎uate d) eval‎uating
12. Using (a) its new computer (b) system, the weather service (c) was able to accurately
(d) predicted the hurricane.

13. We have ... this company as an industry leader in cellular technology.
a) establishing b) establish c) established d) establishes
14. Public concern (a) about (b) environmental problem has (c) became an (d) increasingly
important political force.

15. Westward Airlines(a) has receiving a lot of (b) attention because of
(c) improvements in (d) passenger service.
16. With two days left until the (a) election , many voters (b) still had
not (c) determining which (d) candidate they were going to vote for.
대명사 2개 (I have a dog . It is cool.)

1 종류 ; 인칭, 지시 . 부정, 의문, 관계
2. one = a,an - ones / it = the
3 주의: my dog = mine / his dog= his
4. that of , those of/he who ,those who 차이
5. one - the other, one - the others, some - others , some - the others 차이
6. another =단수 , other +복수 예) another dog , other dogs = others
7. each other(둘) = between / one another (셋) = among
8. most + 명사 / most of the + 명사 / almost all the +명사 such as 예를
9. not 부사 / no 형용사 / none 대명사 10. some 긍정 / any 부정, 조건, 의문
11. 재귀대명사. for oneself , by oneself , of itself . come to oneself
12 숙어: absent oneself from, make oneself clear to 13 it"s = it is / its 차이
* 타동사 + 목적격 ( give , offer , ask , help )
예) Nobody except you and (I / me), * Everybody but you and ( he / him )


1 When I met her , .............. discussed a new advertising plan.
a) we b) they c) you d) she

2 a) The program it has b) not yet been accepted c) by the d) Means
Committee.
3. Mr. Thomas, in his report, a) he suggested b)that the budget c) on research and
development d) be reduced by 10 %.

4. Within the a) next two b) working days, our officer c) will examine your d) applying.

5 In my e-mail of June 10, I encouraged you to put ..... ideas into writing.
a. your b. yourself c. yours d. you.

6. My colleagues and I would like to extend -------thanks to you for answering
the survey. (A) ourselves (B) our (C) us (D) ours

7. Through ____ diligence , he as proved himself worthy of a position.
(A) his (B) himself (C) he (D) him

8 Mr. Grant(a) received a call from (b) him co-worker while(c) in the middle of an
important (d) meeting.

9. (a) Due to an error in the (b) shipping department ,(c) they order will have to
(d) be checked again.

10 All customers need to have ... receipts e before going to another department of the
store. a) they b)them c) their d) themselves.
11 (a) Employees are (b) required to report (c) his (d) supervisor by 7 :50 a. m

12 The (a) consultant team (b)recommended that the company(c) computerize all
(d) their offices to save time.
13 Ms. Sato introduced the new employee who was sitting next to ------- .
(A) she (B) her (C) hers (D) herself
14 My opinion was in complete opposition to .... a) his b) him c) his own d) himself
15. Their policies are well organized than __________ of our company.
(A) that (B) these (C) this (D) those
16. Mr. Schmidt" s performance is far superior to ----- of his associates.
(A) that (B) this (C) those (D) these

17 The profits a)of this quarter are b)lower than c) that of the same period d) last year.
18. Trademarks a) enable a company b) to distinguish its products from c) that of
d) another company.
19. The customer service we provide at Brown"s Automobiles is far better than -----
of our competitors. (A) that (B) those (C) this (D) these

20. It took three weeks she could walk by .....
a) her b) she c) hers d) herself
21 I doubt whether he will be able to do all the work by .......
a) him b) himself c) his own d) he
22. Susan is a good team player, but she prefers to work by.....
A)she B) himself C ) hers D) herself
23 Mr. Schmidt and th other people tried to repair it by -------.
(A) himself (B) itself (C) ourselves (D) themselves
24. A career choice is something one has to decide for ------- .
(A) oneself (B) ourselves (C) yourself (D) itself

25 Every doctor has to keep records of .... own patient interactions.
a) his b) him c) them d) himself
26 To save on moving expenses, Mr. Perez has decided that we should move the office
equipment -------. (A) ourselves (B) ours (C) himself (D) his

27. One of the two candidates for the job opening is not qualified enough, so ----- will
be considered for the position. A. another B. the other C. the others D. some
28. One salesman quoted me a price of $ 49 and ..... told me it was $90.
a) other b) either c) another d) any

29. Mr. Lee has indicated that there are plans to set up one plant in Queensville and
------- in Yorktown. (A) other (B) another (C) one another (D) each other
30 Some (a) employees learned the new program (b) through on computer course while
(c) the other played around (d) with it at home.

31. _____ business letters should be typed on company stationery.
(a) Each (b) Every (c) Much (d) All

32. The committee chair (A) postponed yesterdays meeting (B)in order that many of
(C) the members had (D ) another events.
33 Meetings a) are held Wednesday of every b) months in the
c) basement meeting room of the d) community center.
34 The two leaders had the opportunity to walk and share experiences with each .....
a) other b) one another c) one other d) others
35 A solution is to unplug your monitor that is not working ,
and replace it with ..... a) I b) me c) my d) mine
* 수의 일치 4 개 (주어, 동사일치) *
비법 1.every, each, much , another, this , that, one , a/an ,only, single ,neither,whole.little
2. both, all, many, several ,various, different other, most ,some,couple,these,those, few
3. 상관 : neither A nor B , either A or B , not A but B, not only A but(also)
B as well as A , B with A, A together (along) with B, * 근자 (B) 일치
4. 동명사, 고유명사 부정사 (Banks)+ (단수동사)
5. 수식어구는 수일치 에 관계없다.
6. 선 행사-주격관계대명사 일치(who, which, that)
7 .A number of 복수 , the number of 단수
most of , the rest of , a lot of, plent of. 분수(one fourth )복. 명+복. 동/ 단. 명+단.동
many +복 , many a + 단 / There is (has) +단 , there are (have)+복 (도치)
8. dollars, hours, years (단위), 시간, 돈, 거리, 속도,+단수
☞ some / all / any / none는 3개(명) 이상을 의미하는 명사 앞에서만 쓴다.
both / either / neither는 2개 (명) 의미하는 명사 앞에 쓴다. cf. between vs. among
주의: one ,each, several ,series, group ,list ,total ,all, +of 복수 명사
have / has , is / are (was/ were)

1. The auto company, along (A) with other manufacturers, (B) are developing electric
(c) cars (d) as .
2. Mr. Price, even apart from his staffs , ..... all the experience necessary to open
new department. a) have b) has c) is having d) do not have
3. Last year the heating bill, (A) as well as other basic utilities, (B) were
(c) much higher than in the (d) previous year.
4. The(A) office manager,(B) as well as the secretaries,(C) haven"t returned the
(d) phone call.

5.CEO, a) along with b) other members of the boards , c) are going to d)sign the contract
6. The(a)president, (b) together with the vice presidents, (c) haven"t (d) shown up at the .
7.(a)Silicon Graphics Ins, the $1.5(b)billion computer maker,(c)specialize in(d)workstations.

8. Taking advantage of improvements a) in technology b) have made our
c) process d) more cost-effective.
9. (a) Becoming a professional in any sport (b) demand an enormous (c) amount of
the game and ( d ) dedication.
10. (a) Reducing sodium levels (b) mean reducing the amount of salt (c) used in
meals and (d) at the table.

11. This a) is one of the b) most sophisticated buildings that c) has been put up
d) during the last few years.
12. My accountant(a)who understand the(b)complexities of the(c)tax system, (d) is doing
13. we have a) a lot of patients who b) has young children, and I c) thought they d) like
14. PC Cards are (a) options that (b) expands the capacity of your
(c) computer, and they come in three different (d ) size.
15. (a) To prepare for building (b) maintenance , employees should make a list of all
areas of the factory that (c) need repairs or(d) servicing.
16 Everyone a) who want to attend b) the dinner should let me c) know by
Friday d) afternoon.
17. The manufacturer a) will not be b) responsible for any injury that
c) result from d) improper use of this tool.
18. a) Before building inspection, workers should b) identify
all areas in the c) warehouse that d) needs attention.
19. a)The conductor b) collected a c) ticket from each of the d) passenger boarding the ..
20. A number of problems ____________ come up in recent weeks.
(A) is (B) are (C) has (D) have
21. The number of vehicles produced last year _________ up by ten percent.
(A) is (B) are (C) was (D) were
22. The number of accountants (a) hired by Tax Pros. on a (b) yearly basis
(c) are ( d ) increasing.
23. An increasing (a) number of workers(b) doesn"t want to work (c) overtime without
( d ) receiving payment.
24 There a) has been a number of b) comments about the c) amount of
d) coffee consul....
25 There (a) have been an increase in home burglaries (b) that are in (c) accordance
with the recent ( d ) job .
26 A cutback in orders .... made many staff associates start fearing for their jobs.
a) is b) are c) has d) have
27. The report a) of the department in this year b) help c) customers select the
d) appropriate computer products.
28.(A) The wide variety of (B) designer clothing (C) are available at
Flamingo Susan"s ( d ) on Main Street.
29. Safe (a) disposal of chemical (b) wastes (c) have long been neglected
even in many (d) developed countries
30. (a) Many of the funds for (b) endangered species (c) has been provided by the
(d) generous grant of Williams Steel co.
31 (a) One of the largest banks (b) in the world (c) have been created with the merger
of the two German ( d ) banks.
32. (a) Approximately (b) one-fourth of a income (c) are paid in taxes and social
security (d) to the government.
33 The company a) has been increasing b) its sales volume c) greatly with a new product
, so they try to develop another d) products.
34. Tonight"s (a) guest speaker will be(b) available to answer
(c) every questions audience (d) might have.
35 Meetings a) are held the second Wednesday of every b) months in the basement
c) meeting room of the d) community center.
36. Everybody (a) participating in the (b) fund raiser (c) are to turn in the tickets
(d) by 8:00.
37. We are a) proud of the two reporters, each of b) whom c) were dispatched
to the battle fields of d) the Middle East.
38. (a) Each and every computer in the office (b) have a modem and (c) the network
(d) as well as to the Internet.
39. Each transaction (a) in excess of 10 dollars (b) have to be first (c)authorized ,
approved by the (d) director of accounting.
40 Each business a) leaders b) was introduced to one another c) at the seminar
d) before the first session.
41 Each a) transaction , along with b) all of the stock dealings, c) are traced
d) by the government
42 Either Paul a) or his partners b) intends to enroll in the workshops c) that will be
(d ) held in the office.
43. Neither the boss a) nor his workers b) wants to hire c) temporary employees d) for ...
44. a) Neither of the two workers who had b) passed the c) qualifying examination
d) were allowed to take on the project.
45 For your a) convenience , b) clothing and sports equipment c) is available d) at our
hotel.
46 Coffee and tea (a) was served to people (b) attending the meeting, (c) while in the
afternoon (d) cold refreshments were served.
47. Manufactures often use bright ,(a) distinctive packaging (b) to distinguish their goods
from (c) that of their (d) competitors
48 Through a) trademarks , people can b) distinguish one company"s products from c) that
of the d) another company.
49 The cost of (a) financing this equipment is(b) almost twice as sightly as
(c) those of paying cash, (d)considering the current interest rate.
50. _____ business letters should be typed on company stationery.
(a) Each (b) Every (c) Much (d) All
51 ......... problems with our products will be dealt with immediately.
a) there are b) ever c) most d) a

52 Individuals need a) to identify their b) financial position c) before they can consider
various d) option.
53 To handle its a) expansion plans, the media has b) recruited staff
c) from several of its d) competitor.
54. According to a a) recent survey, b) there is a shortage of c) skilled workers
in different t construction-related d) industry.
55. Already, a) savings bank b) across the country have begun c) to recover from the
recent economic d) downturn.
56. Mathematics a) are considered b) one of the most important c) courses that science
d) majors in college.
57 a) Enclosed b) is a name tag and the itinerary c) scheduled to set
out d) on May, 15.
58 Parking a) space b) for visitors c) are limited to the d) yellow-colored areas.

59 We can provide a great deal of a) information for you, b) most of which c) are very
useful for your future plan d) in business.
60 The economy analysts A) predict that organizations whose business b) only rely on I
human c) resources could survive the global d) competitions.
* 명사 5개 ( 주어 ,목적어, 보어 역할)
(expect, seek, give , encourage, help, persuade (타동사) +명사)
1.위치: 관사+명사 *소유격+명사 *형용사+명사 * 타동사+명사, *전치사+명사, 명사+명사
2.종류: ㄱ 가산명사 ( 보통,집합 a, an, the, s, es,) / ㄴ 불 가산 명사(고유 ,물질 ,추상)
3 불가산 명사 :information, staff ,advice, equipment , evidence , damage, mail,
baggage= luggage, furniture, news ,advice, clothing,water,money 관사(a, an, the ) 복수(x)
4.항상 복수: earnings ,savings , funds, news, belongings, assets , earnings,
goods, standards, customs , telecommunications,
5항상 단수: physics , politics , economics , linguistics , electronics, mathematics. .
6. every, no, other 명사로 사용하지 않는다
7. 항상 조심: ( tooth-teeth, foot-feet, children-child, man-men) means,
예상단어 : traffic, software, vocabulary, money, data, media, criteria (기준)
8. 명사 + 명사 : 앞 명사는 단수 ( 예외 shoes shop , savings bank, sports car)
(복합명사) sales department, customs declaration.)
9. 소유격: a: 사람, 동물, 조직(예외) 시간, 거리, 가격, 무계 b:사물+of ( the leg of a desk.
10. 기출 복합 명사 정리 parking fine, service desk, earings growth
emergency exit 출구 / sales projection 예상매출액 / sales figures 매출액 / sales tax 영업서
book keeping(keeper) 회계(경리) / consumer satisfaction 고객 만족 / toll collection 통행료
징수 / expiration(expire) date 유효 만기일 / staff(employee) productivity 근무효율성 /
installment payment 할부금(=mortgage) / maternity leave 출산휴가 / insurance coverage 보
험적용범위 / media coverage 언론보도 / assembly line 조립생산라인 / road(highway)
construction 도로건설 / maintenance crew 시설관리직원 / sports complex 복합체육시설 /
heating equipment, safety belts, credit cards , opening remark , attendance record,
11. 명사> 동명사 예)development>developing, result>resulting seat- seating , interviewing-
interviewer , discussing - discussion, concluding<conclusion, applying<application.
12 (명사형) arrival, approval, disposal, proposal , representative.
13 무조건 답 : reduction , regulation , disappointment, structure, access to
14 2003형기출 토플형 단어 : ejection , contention , arbitration ,

* 관사 2개 (+명사)
위치 ; (관사+명사 , 관사+형용사+명사, 관사+부사+형용사+명사)
1.부정관사; 소리구별 a / an a : a used car, unit / b: an honor, hour
2.정관사: The : ㄱ. 특정한 명사 the leg of a desk. ㄴ.최상급(the most)
ㄷ서수 앞에(the first) ㄹ. The same ㅁ.유일한 것 The sun ㅅ 계량단위 by the hour
3 습관적;one of the , each of the , most of the , all of the ,some( any,amny) of the+복.명
4. 시 간; last , this , next, 예) on the last Sunday
5. 차 이 ; go to bed / go to the bed a room=room / a work= work
6.관사생략; 학문(economics), 교통(bybus), 식사(brunch), 질병, 운동(악기),
7 기출 관사* The ( in ... workplace, _ beginning (end) of, on same day,)
at the company,in effort to, in attempt to, as rule, as result of,
open account , issue credit card , at distance, all of sudden,
in an error , in x bulk , in x detail . in x attendance
1. The dictionary lists more than one ....... for that word.
a) define b) definite c) definition d) defining
2. The use of employee stock options has been found to be very effective in improving
the ..... of an organization.
a) competitive b) competitiveness c) compete d) competing
3 During the radio a) broadcast , the local politician gave b) detail of his c) life to
the d) lnterviewing.
4 The marketing director (a) in charge of selling (b) product lines to new clients
proposed the use (c) of visual aids to enhance (d) the effective of presentations
5. Overseas assembly of products is the ------ objective of the corporate five-year
plan. (A) strategist (B) strategically (C) stratagem (D) strategic
6 The post office requires on form of from anyone picking up a package.
(a) identify (b) identification (c) identifying (d) identifiable
7. The measure should be taken into ______________.
(A) consideration (B) considering (C) considerate (D) considerably
8. It was with great ________ that Sue Yung abandoned her plans to travel abroad.
(A) disappointed (B) disappointment (C) disappointing (D) disappoint
9. If you take my .... and talk to boss directly, you will not regret it.
a) advise b) adviser c) advisory d) advice
10. Please be sure to fasten your __________ belts prior to takeoff and landing.
(A) safeness (B) safety (C) safe (D) save
11. (a) To optimize the life (b) of your battery and improve (c) its perform, recharge at
least (d) every week.
12. We should get the president"s __________ first before implementing the plan.
(A) approving (B) approval (C) approved (D) approve
13. Roger has an outstanding ___________ for the position of sales director.
(A) qualified (B) qualifying (C) qualification (D) qualify
14. Supervisors cannot expect ------- from entry-level employees.
(A) perfectly (B) perfect (C) perfection (D) perfected
15 . a) Tax incentives can b) be used to encourage c) invest in small d) businesses.
16. A trainee should seek ------- from a supervisor when it is needed.
(A) advice (B) advisor (C) advise (D) advisable
17 By introducing a new calling center , Homeshopping improved customer ...........
a) satisfy b) satisfactory c) satisfaction d) satisfactorily
18. It was expected (a) to be a close election (b) but with (c) most of votes counted ,
the winner was (d) thought to be James.
19. (a) Some of decisions (b) require detailed study of (c) both sides (d) of a problem.
20. The (a) Internet is (b) one of most exciting new (c) ways to communicate to people
from (d) all over the world.
21. In order (a) to accuse the Internet, you must have an account with (b) an Internet
and (c) many of instructions about (d) setting up an ISP
22 a) All of parents are expected to b) participate in the c) elementary school
d) this year.
23. He is very popular and knows ....... the people in the office.
a) few b) plenty c) more of d) most of
24.I like to say (a) that your (b) informations (c) on this matter would (d) be appreciated.
25. After obtaining your driver, s license, you (a) must be sure to (b) renew it every
five years as well as report any (c) changes in personal (d) informations.
26. Please deliver (a) an equipment to Ms. Jackson,(b) who (c) is (d) in charge of
the personnel department.
27. The new (a) equipments (b) shipped from Hong kong will be (c) the only items
(d) on sale this week.
28. Passengers (a) requiring assistance with their (b) baggages can ask the porters
(c) who work outside of the airport (d) for help.
29 a) When working with b) chemicals , every c) employee must use d) a protective
clothing
30. (a) Since he has bought (b) a big house, he (c) will have to buy (d) furnitures.
31 His (a) news of the air disaster shocked everyone (b) because there is really no
way to (c) prepare for such a terrible (d) new.
31. An (a) excess of (b) luggage at the airport could cause people (c) to have to leave
some portion of their (d) belonging behind.
32 (a)Before we moved, we (b)carefully wrapped (c)our fragile (d)belonging .....
33. The (a) reception will be held in the (b) hotel and not on (c) the yacht the lack
of (d) fund.
34.(a) Since we retired , we(b) have been living on our(c) saving and a small (d) pension.
35. With (a) over 900 branch offices (b) around the world , Green Cross is (d) largest
insurance provider (d) in the world.
36. Water is (a) most valuable resource (b) in the world , however if we (c) continue to
waste water , then there will be trouble (d) in the future.
37 The chairman was arrested on suspicion of driving under ... influence of alcohol.
a) every b) the c) and d) it
38 (a) Most mechanics agree that(b) frequent oil changes (c) lengthen (d) a life of a car.
39 In many a) countries proportion b) of the population c) over age of 65 years has
increased d) significantly.
40. I was going to buy the red one, (a) but then the (b) salesperson showed me one
that was (c) same quality but much (d) cheaper.
41. Every (a) time we come to (b) this restaurant , you (c) always have (d) same thing.
42.These (a)books (b) are designed to help(C) students with the(d) developing of the vital
43. This (a) problem are the (b) resulting (c) of years (d) of bad management.

44 (a) There will be (b) a fifteen-minutes (c) intermission after (d) the first act.
45. You only have (a) to do two writing (b) tasks in the exam but there is
a (c) two - hours time (d) limit.
46. He was(a)serving his (b) sixth consecutive(c) four-years term as mayor(d) at the time
47. The a) lawmakers made a last-minute b) changes c) in the wording of
d) the agreement.
48. In a new (a) surveys, many people said (b) they consider the Boston Marathon to be
the most grueling(c) race (d) in the world.
49 Secretary (a) finally (B) managed to (c) schedule a luncheon (d) appointments with ...
50. Cultural (a) attitudes can (b) affect the success or failure of (c) a merger with
a overseas (d) firms
51 Trading stocks is a) a excellent b) way c) for investors d) to make profits.
52. (a) Everyone should (b) have (c) a equal opportunity (d) to get an education.
53. (a) Even though they searched (b) for months and advertised in (c) national
newspapers , (d) a heir was never found .
54 He(a) considered it (b) a honor to be(b) the guest speaker at(d) the graduation
55. The two partners(a) split the(b) proceeds from (c)the yesterdays"s sale(d) fifty - fifty.
56. In a national (a) effort to prevent (b) accident all (c) driver must drive with their
lights on (d) during the day.
57. All of the (a) requirement for the new (b) advertising campaign are (c) included
that was (d) handed out at this morning, s meeting.
58.You (a) are a newcomer to the firm, you can ask (b) one of the experienced
(c) member of staff for (d) advice.
59 Most ------- for drinks and snacks from the refrigerator in the hotel room are the
guest"s responsibility. (A) to charge (B) charge (C) charging (D) charges
60. Easy-to-follow instructions for ------- are included .
(A) assemble (B) assembly (C) assembler (D) assembled
61. A video (a) manual with step-by-step instructions for (b) assemble line has
been (c) included with your (d)_exercise bike.
62 A market .......... can weaken competition and limit comsumer choice.
a) monopoly b)monopolize c) monopolizes d) monopoltion
63 The Digitex Company has a virtual ------- on that type of laser printer because of
the printer"s low price.
(A) monopoly (B) monopolize (C) monopolizing (D) monopolies
64 Unlike the wholesaler, the retail merchant must satisfy the demands of
....... public. a) vary b) varied c) variety d) very
65 .(a) New director told the staff (b) not to expect any (c) immediate changes
in (d) office policy.
66. Durable goods (a) orders rebounded (b) in early March (c) from their first decline
(d) in fourth months.
67 If there a)is a problem b)with the c) computers system ,d)report it to the
technician,
68. The chairman (a) believes that the (b) companies stocks will increase(c) greatly
during the next (c) fiscal years.
69. (a) Newly appointed staff should be made (b) aware of (c) the safeties (d) regulations
and policy.
70. a) As result of sharp rise b) in prices, car sales have c) decreased d) by 20% for six.
71. (a) Efforts to raise money (b) agricultural development were begun (c) as result of
rain (d) over the past three years.
72. The executives a) came to know b) that Dr. Griston"s c) final reports were
d) in an error.
73 After a)reviewing of Dr. Thomass b) latest study, the researchers
c) determined that her findings were d) in an error.
* 부정사 2개
1 종류: ㄱ to 부정사 ( 명사, 형용사,부사) ㄴ 원형부정사( 사역, 지각)
용법: ㄱ명사적 (주어, 목적어,보어) ㄴ 형용사적 a friend to help me
ㄷ부사적 (go to see, am happy to see)
2. 구성 to + R 단순부정사 / to + be + ing 진행 / to + have - ed 완료부정사
3.원형 make , let , have + o+ 동.원 (Help) ( had better+, can not but +, cannot help + ing)
4. It is difficult for me to master English in a day. Do you mind my smoking here.?
( important , possible ,easy, necessary)
5 It is kind of you to say so. ( good, bad, kind , thoughtful, rude, silly,) 감정형용사
6 It takes 시간 for + 사람+ to , * of
7. remember , regret / forget +to (미래) / ing (과거). stop to( 목적) stop + ing( 그만하다)
8. like ( dislike+ ing) / love / hate + to (일시적) / ing (지속적)
9. try + 부정사(노력하다) / 동명사(시도하다)
10. 부정 부정사- not to see , 동명사 - not seeing
11. 의문사+ to + 동. 원 how to do , what to do , where to go
* make it possible = find , consider ( 가목적어)

* 동명사 2개 ( 주어, 목적어, 보어 역할)
a 차이 : 동명사( a sleeping car) 목적 / 분사 ( a sleeping baby) 상태
b 목적 to = 동사 , for + 명사, 동명사 예) to meet , for meeting

☞ to (전치사) 뒤에 ～ ing(동명사) 이 오는 경우
1. 사람 be used (accustomed) to ～ing 사물 To + 원형 / used to ( would),
2. look forward to ～ing , be subject to ～명사 , when it comes to +ing
3 be opposed to + ing , object to + ing ,
contribute to, be committed to, be dedicated to devoted to +ing
4. be good at + ing / be poor at + ing / like+ to / dislike + ing
5. cannot help + ing / feel like + ing / upon + ing /
6. encourage+ to / discourage +ing / due to+명사 / be due to +ing
기타 have difficulty( a hard time, trouble) + ing / go +ing / be worth + ing
spend ( 돈 , 시간) + ing

1. I enjoy ___________ to the beach as often as possible during the summer.
(A) going (B) to go (C) went (D) to walk
2. The secretary should finish __________ the letter soon.
(A) to answer (B) by answering (C) answering (D) answer
3. We are considering ... a new line of clothing for the younger generation.
a) to go b) going c) go d) gone
4. I a) wonder b) if he wouldn"t mind c) to stay with us d) one more night.
5. Although I was angry, I could not help ____________ at his excuse.
(A) to laugh (B) laughing (C) laughter (D) I laughed
6. The mechanic admitted ________ to do his work on time.
(A) failed (B) fail (C) failing (D) to fail
7. It was obvious (a) to everyone in the office that Margie disliked (b) answered the
phone when it (c) rang at their (d) shared desk.
8. Because of a drop in sales , the company discontinued ............ its mini-vans .
a) producing b) produce c) production d) product
10. The consultants promised _________ more carefully.
(A) to work (B) working (C) having worked (D) would work
11. They decided ___________ me some money when I told them the position I was in.
(A) lending (B) to lend (C) by lending (D) lended
12. Tom couldn"t graduate from the law school because he failed ______ the final exam.
(A) to pass (B) in passing (C) passing (D) be passed
13 The dealer wants ... his cars quickly , so he"s offering special low prices.
a) to sell b) selling c) for selling d) to selling
14. Having managed (a) keeping his business from (b)going under , she(c) decided to
(d) sell out .

15. You must remember ___________ the chairman tomorrow.
(A) meet (B) to meet (C) meeting (D) to have met
16. We regret (a) saying that the plane bound(b) for Guam (c) will leave two hours
(d) behind schedule.

17. If we(a) leave now for our trip, we can drive (b) half the distance (c) before
we stop (d) having lunch.
18. The (a) principal had to (b) suspend the children from school because they would not
stop (c) to fight in the (d) classroom.

19. The director -------research proposals to be in by the end of the month.
(A) expects (B) have expected (C) expecting (D) to expect
20 The new test ...... doctors to detect the disease early.
a) was able b) enables c) prepared d) was capable of
21. Learning to use computer technology should people to be more efficient at work.
(A) need (B) expect (C) acquire (D) accept
22 Autoplus enables drivers a) reach the b) nearest gas station if they c) run d) out of
gas .

23. Please a) look over the b) attached samples and let us c) to know if you have
d) any suggestions.
24. The company will not let its employees ______ vacation for more than two weeks.
(A) to take (B) be taking (C) took (D) take
25 The board of directors made the president __________ to the plan.
(A) agree (B) to agree (C) agreed (D) to be agreed
26 It is reported that they had the equipment __________ yesterday.
(A) shipped (B) was shipped (C) ship (D) was being shipped
27 Various systems have been created to help executives ... their time better.
a) manage b) managing c) manager d) management
28. The director of publications asked if someone would help _____ finish the project.
(a) her (b) hers (c) herself (d) she

29 He overheard them ... that they would be going away for the weekend.
a) to say b) saying c) to have said d) to be saying

30. A smart consumer gets the tele-marketer ____________ his phone order in writing.
(A) confirm‎ing (B) confirmed (C) confirm‎ (D) to confirm‎
31 By a) upgrading the b) current computer system , we c) will be able d)improve
employee productivity.
32 Staff are expected ... their main holiday during the summer months.
a) take b) taking c) to take d) took
33. Attendees are expected at the main desk before entering the convention hall.
(a) register (b) to register (c) will register (d) registering
34. The airplane is ___________ to land on Incheon International Airport at 2:30.
(A) suppose (B) supposing (C) supposed (D) supposive
35. Hotel guests a) wishing b) to take part in the island boat tour are asked c) registering at
the information desk and c) to pay at that time.
36. The company a) reserves the right b) for publishing the textbooks and to use c) them
on the d) web site.
37. Take the time the insurance information, and notify Benefits Office if
there are changes in status . (A) review (B) reviewing (C) to review (D) reviewed

38 It is impossible to ... how his decision will affect the project.
a) predict b) prediction c) predicted d) predicts
39. a) To maintenance the proper functioning of this machine, b) thorough inspection
should c) take place at regular d) intervals.
40. a) To continuing to pursue our (b) current sales strategy , we will (c) need unanimous
agreement at (d) the next board meeting.

41 a) In order for save paper, b) all office correspondence will c) be sent by electronic mail
d) starting tomorrow.
42 In order a) for reduce b) expenses , we need c) to move office d) furniture ourselves .


43. In order (a) to competition with , the Korean people must learn(c) to understand ,
to appreciate and (c) to communicate with other country"s (d) ways.

44 The board of (a) trustees decided (b) to renewal his (c) contract for another year
because of the (d) increase in sales
45 Jim (a) finally went to the dentist (b) for to get (c)some relief (d) from his toothache

46 In her campaign speeches, a) the candidate promised to b) low taxes,
c) and create new jobs d) if elected.

47 My colleagues and I are looking forward to _________ you again.
(A) see (B) to see (C) seeing (D) be seen
48 Thank you for fly Pan Asia Airlines (a) today and we look forward (b) to serve you
again in (c) the (d) near future.

49 We will look ... to seeing you in you.
a) out b) into c) around d) forward
50. Animal right groups object __________ health and beauty products on animals.
(A) to test (B) testing (C) to testing (D) having tested
51 Nancy Grogen , a) a social worker, b) is committed c)to help mentally retarded
d) children.

52. (a) Licensing fees are a big (b) problem when it comes (c) to try to use
d) composers.
53 The company objected (a) to pay for the(b) expenses she
incurred (c) during his business trip(d) to the Philippines.
54.The organization (a)is devoted(b)to find new methods for (c)improving(d) public health.

55. The new employees are used _________ at night now, but they had a lot of
difficulties at first. (A) working (B) to work (C) to working (D) for working
56 Moisture-proof materials should be used ------- foods that will be frozen.
(A) wrapping (B) to wrap (C) wraps (D) wrapped

57 Special tools with (a) narrow tolerances for error are used (b) to manufacture these
machines (c) to the buyer"s (d) satisfaction.
58.(a) When we were(b) college students, we used to(c)studying all night(d)for the exams

59 People would have more a) money to spend b) by reduce c) their personal
d) income taxes.
60 After a)carefully review his reports, the b) managing editor decided c) to make only
two of them d) published.
61. We would like to thank our clients for being so ------- during the relocation of
our main office.
(A) understandable (B) understanding (C) understood (D) understand

62. .......... new markets has allowed manufacturers to vary a product line.
a) develop b) developed c) developing d) development
63 ........ new products is an important thing to the company.
a) development b) developing c) developed d) develop
64. ....... new products is essential for the survival of the company.
a) a launch b) launching c) launched d) launch of
65 ..... good organization skills is a key ingredient for success.
a) developing b) development c) develop d) developed

66. Low seasonal demand makes it easy .... shipping department to deliver orders ahead
of schedule. a) of b) to c) from d) for
67. High seasonal demand makes it impossible ------ resort guests to be accommodated
without reservations. A) of B) if C) from D) for

68 a) Due to a shortage of memory b) capacity , c) they are necessary to upgrade
d) the computers in the office,
69. There has been a) such limited changes that b) they are difficult c) for the public
d) to form an opinion.
70. Your helps (a) make possible for us to continue (b)offering our students free
education (c) for developing (d) personality
* 연결사 (전치사, 접속사) * 차이 (동사 유무) 5개
접속사( 주어+동사) 전치사( 주어, 대명사(목적격)) 예; after , because , because of 차이
1.상관접속사: either∼or, nither∼nor , between∼and, not only∼but also, both - and
, no sooner∼than ( as soon as). such∼that, so∼that
1. between A and B/ among 2. as 자격 / like 비슷함 3. ago (과거) before (완료)
4.on(특정) May / on the morning of May /5. under construction / under investigation(도중)
6. in ( 시간경과. 미래),분야 / within( 기간내) 7. beside / besides (plus)

8. By 수단/행위+동명사(ing), with +도구, in =재료 (English) 9.within( 한계) /beyond(넘어서)
10. By(완료) ( should, must, finish) / Until (계속),continue, last,remain,wait, stay
11. for + 숫자 / since+시점/ 12.동안에: for + 기간(숫) / during+명사 / while +주+동
ago -before/ among-between/next to = by/ near /except= without=but for

* 기출 -> request for, demand for, decrease in, tax on, concern about, question about
-> in great demand, in defiance of, in comparison with, in charge of, at the rate of
beyond control of, with the exception of, upon request, apart from, on top of.

1 The company plans to move its factory ; _________, it will keep sales .
(A) when (B) however (C) in addition (D) furthermore
2 The candidate was qualified; .... , the company had a policy promoting from
within. a) however b) when c) so d) that
3 The price has increased ; ...... , a fall in demand can be expected.
a) because b) for c) although d) therefore
4. Employees should be sure to sign in before starting each shift ; ------- hours
worked may not be reflected in paychecks.
(A) otherwise (B) however (C) moreover (D) additionally

5 The bridge was scheduled to open sometime ... the following year.
a) to b) for c) while d) during
6 The performers a) politely request that the audience b) refrain from c) taking pictures
or using phones d) while the show.
7 New branch offices opened.... the last quarter , and many of them have a lot
more salespersons. a) between b) under c) around d) during
8 They a) waited b) in line c) during twelve hours trying to d) purchase tickets to the
concert.

9 Sandra Cook has coordinated all fundraising ..... the past seven years.
a) before b) from c) for d) after
10 Oregon company will a) participate in b) the Super Bowl c) after d) nearly 10 years.
11 If your shipment is not delivered ... 24 hours, you can claim a full refund on the
merchandise. a) by b) with c) for d) within
12 Housing costs have risen substantially ...... last year. a) in b) since c) during d) for
13 She has been working for the government...... he graduated from law school.
a) since b) after c) while d) before
14. Ms. Pak has coordinated all training activities ..... the last three years.
a. before b. from c. for d. after
15 We a) have been talking b) since several hours c) about levels of d) investment.
16 The president said that the economy a) has improved b) greatly c) before he was
elected to office d) in November.
17 P&G Entertainment a) has sponsored the b) festivals c) since the d) last three years.
18 She has been working for the same company ... nearly 12 years .
a) since b) during c) for d) while
19 Mr.Reynolds has been operating the maintenance division in our company ... twenty
years. a) before b) for c) since d) after
20. The chief consultant should submit the final report _______ tomorrow.
(A) in (B) by (C) until (D) for
21 His tickets must be picked from the travel agent ....... tomorrow.
a) to b) by c) for d) until
22 We will continue our current plan ........ the beginning of next year.
a) by b) until c) since d) during
23. The reception that was held for the company"s suppliers lasted after midnight.
(a) during (b) by (c) toward (d) until

24 The opening of the downtown museum will be postponed -------
construction delays. (A) since (B) because (C) while (D) because of
25 a) Because of this paper was not prepared b) as well as could c) be expected for a
senior, the professor d) had to give him a very low grade.
26 The conference a) was rescheduled b) because of a proper location with c) enough
meeting rooms couldn"t d) be found
27 The newspaper a) had to print a b) special edition c) because the announcement
d) of the president
28 The park a) official said that b) attendance was down this year c) because
weather d) conditions.
29 The Colombia Coffee Company (A) reported a $20,000 (B) loss in earnings
(C) because the rising (D) price of coffee.
30 a) For all the b) dishes were dirty they had c) to drink from paper cups and
d) eat from plates.
31 ........ to the weather , there is very little chance that the flight will depart on time.
a) affected b) caused c) until d) due
32 ......... time was limited , our campaign turned out to be a success.
(A) despite (B) even though (C) because of (D) in add
33 The play had a poor showing at the box office, ________ two famous actors had lead
roles. (A) despite (B) even though (C) because of (D) in addition to
34 ....... we quoted them were the lowest we could go, the customers may not buy for
them. a) even b) whereas c) meanwhile d) although
35 The publishing company did not obtain exclusive use of the material, _______ it was
assured .
(A) either (B) where (C) although (D) plus

36 Danny and bobby a) went on along trip b) from Vancouver to Honolulu c) although
the fact that d) they had no money or change of clothes.
37 Japan is the world"s a) wealthiest nation b) although the fact that it c) lacks raw
d) materials.
38 a) Even we do not win the science competition , we b) can leave c) with the
satisfaction learn a d) great about astronomy and astrophysics.
39 a) Even the engineers worked all night to b) figure out what the problems was , their
efforts c) proved to be d) in vain.
40 ______ many years of study, the Korean student still finds it difficult to get
accustomed to various American cultures.
(A) Because (B) Although (C) Despite (D) But
41. __________ Charlie and Eric have different tastes, they are great friends.
(A) Because (B) But (C) when (D) Although
42. _______ traffic accidents occur frequently on this crosswalk, city authorities still
have no plan to install traffic signals.
(A) Therefore (B) Though (C) for (D) During
43 We feel that your skills do not match our needs ...... we are impressed with your
backgrounds. a) whether b) despite c) due to d) although
44 He refused to change his mind ... the unpopularity of his decision.
a) even b) even though c) nevertheless d) despite
45 a) Despite of all the b) problems , she managed c) to attain her ultimate d) objective
of finishing her thesis.
46 a) In spite the two-hour training on the b) new job procedures , the workers c) still
seem to d) be confused.
47 The company meeting lasted for over five hours, _______ there was nothing
particularly controversial on the agenda.
(A) that (B) besides (C) in addition (D) even though
48 We a) will have been working b) for three hours by c) the time the sun d) rising.
49 a) As that he was living b) in the plans region, he c)had to find some d)new...

50 Unemployment is .... low that companies may soon be unable to find workers without
increasing wages. a) such b) very c) so d) despite.
51. During the tourist season, the cost of air travel is high that many people decide to
lose to home. (A) too (B) such (C) very (D) so

52. Because our charity event had ------- high attendance that we have reached our
donation goals. (A) many (B) such (C) so (D) much
53 Mr. Peleteri was so (A)nervous (B)while he (C)put the wrong file (D)in his briefcase.
54 ........ American runners concentrate on winning short distances, Africans excel in
distance events. a) if b) when c) including d) while
55 a) Without more staff b) is added , we won"t be able to c) finish the work d)on time.
56 All the sales managers a) are required to submit their weekly sales reports by
b) Monday c) unless they d) are not notified otherwise.
57 The office appeared to be larger ________ it was painted a lighter color.
(A) after (B) since (c) during (D) among
58 As he was leaving the office, his secretary chased after _______ with an important
phone message. (A) him (B) himself (C) his (D) he
59 ------- an employee has been employed for three months, he or she is eligible to
take paid sick leave. (A) Upon (B) Later (C) because (D) After
60 She recommend that frequent restaurant goers eat seafood _____ it contains less
fat than most meats. (A) by (B) since (C) after (D) on

61. The next shipment of calculators will arrive ------ today or tomorrow. (2001-2)

(a) or (b) on (c) both (d) either
62 This satellite service transmits movies and television shows directly to ...... your
personal computer or television. a) both b) on c) either d) neither
63 Not only the post office a) and also b) all banks c) close on d) most national holidays.
64 The boats are approximately three meters long and are recommended
for ______ ocean and fresh water. (A) neither (B) that (C) both (D) but
65 Most new cars today either include safety features ________ allow buyers to add
them. (A) and (B) on (C) or (D) for
66 They had ________ Japanese nor German translation services at the Canadian Trade
symposium. (A) both (B) neither (C) either (D) nor

67 The a) lease on the b) apartment will c) expire at the d) ending of the month.
68 The marketing department a) decided that the product should b) enter the stores
c) on the beginning of the Christmas shopping d) season.
69 As the ozone layers a) are increasingly b) damaged by air-pollution, c)the temperature is
getting higher d) around of the world .
70 We a) expect to b) receive a c) reply to our request d) during in two weeks.
71. If you don, t (a) mind working(b) by alone, telecomputing might be (c) ideal for you
and (d) for your company.
72 After a) graduation , Mark plans to b) go to overseas to experience
c) different cultures and broaden his d) understanding of the world.
73. The presentation is scheduled to start _______ 11:00 a.m. in the conference room.
(A) in (B) for (C) at (D) on
74. My a) family and I are b) looking forward to attending c) the company picnic
d) in this weekend.
75 As a big tree was a) knocked over by the windstorm b) at last night , c) there was
traffic congestion d) in last morning.
76. Mr. Kenjo is retiring _____ chief executive officer of the nationwide car company.
(a) for (b) like (c) as (d) in
77 Three years (A) since, the Palm Del Mundo was (B)a run (C)down motel(D)located in...
78 Beginning in January, the electricity fee will increase by ________ ten percent.
(A) near (B) nearly (C) neared (D) nearing
79 The a) artisan worked b) in the workbench c) with her appentice to d) repair
the rug.
80 David enrolled at the university last year with plans of ...... a physical therapist.
a) become b) became c) becoming d) becomes.
81 she didn"t a) enjoy her b) work , so she decided c) to make a fresh start by
d) applied for a new job.
* 형용사 3개 be + ( 형용사, ing , ed )

정의: 사람, 사물의 성질이나, 상태 ( good man (한정) 형+명, / I am good, (서술)
* be , stay , become, remain, go, ,feel ,get ,look, smell, prove, taste , seem + 형용사
ㄱ. (extended, experienced , gifted, advanced, talented , pleased,) 동사 과거형(x)
ㄴ. (likely. friendly, lovely, daily, lonely, deadly, costly, timely, lively, orderly, silly ,
elderly, hourly / quarterly / monthly / yearly (부사 (x),
*. 부사로 착각하기 쉬운 형용사
* an hourly train / weekly magazine·an environment-friendly product 환경 친화적 제품
1. all the, both the , such a / every, each (단수) - all (복, 단) the whole 단수
2. not (부사) is not / no (형) no money / none(대명사) some 긍정 /any부정, 의문
3. not yet , have yet to, / no longer = not any longer/ no more =not any more
4. another (단) other (복) others (대명사) unless = if not
5. of +명=형 of use =useless, of benefit =beneficial

6. almost all the 복. 명/ most of the 복수 / ( many +복수 many a +단수)
7. a few / few, a little / little. a (the) number of ( 수) a good , great, amount of (양)
* a lot of , lots of , plenty of = many, much
8. hundred , thousand, million, score, dozen+s (of)
9. high ,low - price, cost, level, quality, / large ,small-family, salary, income
10. several ,various, different (복수) such (a) 형+명 that / so (부사) 형 that

11 두 가지 다른 의미의 형용사
economic development 경제의/ economical way 절약하는
industrial complex 산업의 / industrious 부지런한
sensitive 예민한 / sensible 양식 있는 successful 성공적인 / successive 연속하는
intelligent 지적인 / intelligible 이해할 수 있는

12 뜻을 새겨두어야 할 형용사(부사) 큰, 상당한, 꽤 많은:
considerable(ly) / remarkable(ly) / sizable / substantial(ly) / significant(ly) / fair(ly)
대단한, 특별한, 보통이 아닌: uncommon(ly) / unusual(ly) / extraordinary(ly)
의미 비교: comparable / compatible / competitive / competent
confident / confidential continuous / consistent / consecutive
13 * be likely to , be sure to , be able to , be proud to
* as -자격 like - 외 같은 / near + 장소 nearly(almost,about) + 숫자
14 부사와 형용사 같은 단어 fast , hard , late
* 무조건 답: available, reliable ,given, unlimited ,updated, certain
* be eligible for , be consistent with, be comparable to/ with, be ideal for, be skilled at

1. Employees who have worked for less than two years are not ___________ for the
retirement plan.
(A) eligibility (B) eligibly (C) eligible (D) eligiblization
2 To a) be eligibly for the b) drawing , you must fill out c) the bottom section of this
coupon and d) mail it in before December 1st.
3 a) The boss is very b) proud of the staff who c) are creativity , loyal
d) and productive.
4 Because the a) medication was too b) strength, the pharmacist had to c) adjust his
d) prescription.
5. Continuing education is crucial for keeping abreast of the changes in technology and
staying ....... in business.
a) compete b) competing c) competitive d) competitiveness.
6 a) Once a position b) becomes c) vacancy, the post is d) initially advertised.
7 All a)units should be inspected b)upon arrival c)until the quality d) becomes stability.
8 a) Despite the higher production b) costs, they have not increased the c) retail price to
remain d) competition with other producers.
9 Special a) discounts b) forced other companies to be more c) competition in d) their
pricing
10. I never a) feel badly if b) after trying hard I fail c) to win a prize: the effort d) gives
me satisfaction.

11 Rumors about the company imminent sale were ...... around the office.
a) went b) goes c) go d) going
12 While we were ... to the office , the traffic was jammed and was not moving
towards our destination very quickly. a) run b) to run c) running d ) ran
13 After fifteen years in this department , he is .... doing the same work.
a) already b) once c) yet d) still
14 He have started your new job yet, or you .... working in london.
a) already b) yet c) still d) once
15 .... he was checking the figures , he noticed a mistake.
a) while b) although c) so d) then

16 The train was .... late that we were unable to get to school until after the exam had
already started. a) too b) very c) such d) so
17 This rural town has ... small population that the mail carrier knows where everyone
lives. a) but b) a so c) very d) such a
18. The class had ________ high attendance that the professor was very pleased.
(A) many (B) such (C) so (D) much
19 The cost of owning a) new house is b) such expensive these days that c) most people
are choosing to live from d) the city center and commute.
20 A worker a) was injured by a paper machine b) which was in c) so a poor working
condition that It failed to d) turn off automatically.
21 His city is so polluted ... I often think of moving to the country.
a) as b) so c) that d) then
22 The doctor was fairly ..... that poor posture was causing back pain.
a) certain b) certainly c) certainty d) certitude
23. a) Although Mr. Allen is an expert b) grammarian, his c) spelling skills d) are lacks.
24 Sports brands often use targeted advertising to communicate their strengths
to _______ investors. (A) potentially (B) potential (C) potentiality (D) potently
25 Doctors recommend that we do some moderate _______ activity nearly every day.
(A) physician (B) physically (C) physique (D) physical
26. When touring the construction site, visitors must wear a hard hat and other
.... clothing .a protection b. protected c. protective d. protect

27 a) Every employee in the consumer service b) department is always ready c) to answer
all the d) frequently questions.
28 To ensure long-term success, a company must have a thorough knowledge of ________
competition. (A) its (B) it’s (C) itself (D) it
29 If you follow ________ interests, learning will always be enjoyable.
(A) you (B) your (C) yours (D) yourselves

30 Perry"s ________ of the meeting was so thorough that Susan did not have to add
anything. (A) summary (B) summarize (C) summarizing (D) summarized
31. We should get the president"s __________ first before implementing the plan.
(a ) approving (B) approval (C) approved (D) approve
32 To a) help us keep b) our costly down, the insurance company c) suggested several
d) recommended suppliers.
33 The suitcase"s four large pockets allow for crease-free _______ of folded shirts,
sweaters and more. (A) storable (B) storage (C) stores (D) to store

34. The fundraising dinner was a great success, with over two _____ tickets sold.
(a) thousand (b) thousands (c) thousand of (d) thousands of
35 a) Thousand of people began rushing to the bank to withdraw money after
b) it was announced that interest rates c) would be d) cut by another ...
36. a) Thousand of dollars were spent on b) newspaper advertising in c) an effort
d) to increase sales.
37 a) Since the airport was closed because of fog, many flights b) were delayed and
this caused c) inconvenience to d) two hundreds of passengers.
38 The a) pictures b) on a television tube c) consist of d) two thousands of dots of light.

39 They a) decided b) not to be friends with him c) no longer because he is too
d) selfish.
40. The passengers knew they were a) in great danger when the pilot b) announced he
was c) not longer in d) control of the aircraft.
41 The advisor were ... late , so the meeting had already finished.
a) too little b) little too c) too much d) much too
42 He a) was pleased b) because there c) was d) too much food.
43 I enjoyed my a) stay in b) your country, c) which is d) too beautiful.
44. The workers built the conductor"s platform enough strong to hold ten men.
45 Welt a) that the b) product was c) enough good to meet our d) very high standards.
46. The workers a) built b) the conductor"s platform c) enough strong d) to hold ten men
47 The recent rate increase of ........ nine percent in gas and electricity bills has affected
the poor. a) near b) nearly c) neared d) nearness.
48 The a) housing market is showing signs of a b) gradual recovery, as sales of
c) existing homes are expected to jump d) near ten percent this year.
49. They a) were b) arriving c) lately to the d) theater because of the traffic.
50 .A (a) relative small working population will have (b) to support a large (c) number of
unproductive (d) retired people.
51 Information a) on the safe b) use of this appliance is c) available in English and five
d) another languages
52 We hadn"t any oil left, but other people lent us .....
a) another b) other c) some d) any

53 She made multiple copies of several _______ in preparation for the Export Conference.
(A) documents (B) documented (C) documenting (D) documentation
54. The most popular computer games on the market contain ----- three-dimensional
effects.
(A) every (B) many (C) a lot (D) some of
55 Applying for university course should be done as soon as possible , otherwise
there will be ... room for enrollment.
a) no b) not c) don"t d) none
56 . Some (a) indications that your computer may be (b) infected with a virus are
messages, or damage (c) to files for (d) none reason.

57 Unlike the wholesaler, the retail merchant must satisfy the demands of
.... public. a) vary b) varied c) variety d) very
58. Should you have any difficulty with the new printer, please notify technical
staff in a ----- manner. a. timed b. timely c.timing d. time
59 The community group generated a lively _______ on whether to implement curfew laws.
(A) discuss (B) discussed (C) discussing (D) discussion
60 The Russian stock market is a) like to open b) with a rise today, c) due to a
d) continuous growth on world markets.
61. This a) type of medicine really works b) very good if you have c) any problem with
your d) digestion.

62 Her stereo could a) have been well priced , but it b) did not seem to be very
c) good built or have a good d) guarantee.
63. a) Almost employees have been working b) at the company c) for d) a minimum of
five years.
64 a) Because production is b) current behind c) schedule , we need to d) put in extra
hours.
65. Our staff will be available to meet with you as ----- as necessary in order to
finalize the contract . (A) almost (B) good (C) well (D) always
66 Japan is expected to increase its __________ assistance to developing countries.
(A) economical (B) economic (C) economically (D) economy
67. They are advertising luxury apartments for the __________ young executive.
(A) successive (B) succession (C) successful (D) success
68 Sales of office equipment were in may and june.98
a) considerable b) considerate c) considerably d) consider
* 동사 ( 조동사, 일반동사 ) 5개
1 종류; 행위(go) 상태(love) / 규칙동사( want. wanted, wanted) 불규칙동사 (see saw seen)
2 주의 ( put put put / let let let / spend spent spent / leave left left )
ㄱ 조동사 ( will( 미래), may(허가,추측),can (가능), must (had to) ) + 동사 원형( to, insist)
ㄴ 본동사 a (be동사(am, are ,is) b. 일반동사 (자/타) ㄷ준동사 ( 부정사 , 동명사, 분사 )
3. 동사 형태 ; question, form , handle , function , lower , * look(자) at = see(타)
4. P.P 형(완료) have , has , had + p. p / be , been + p. p + by(수동태)
5 무조건 암기 ; deal with , care for, talk about , relate to, agree with , interfere with,
add to , proceed with. benefit from .accompany with, account for
contact with / match with discuss / about / marry with / attend to / join into
enter into / exceed at / await for / disclose about / resemble with / reach to
charge a battery, file a suit, take advantage of , do my utmost, take into consideration.
meet the needs, raise a question, * speak to me ,talk to me, tell (notify) me something

6. 짝을 이루는 자/타동사 or 주의할 동사 유형
rise-rose-risen 오르다 / raise-raised-raised 올리다, 기르다
lie-lay-lain 눕다, 놓여있다 / lay-laid-laid 두다, 놓다 cf. lie-lied-lied 거짓말하다
find-found-found / found-founded-founded 창설하다
spill-spilt-spilt 흘리다 / light-lit-lit (불을) 밝히다 rent-rented-rented 세내다
(broad) cast-cast-cast / (wide) spread-spread-spread 퍼지다
7 make / take / play / do + 목적어
make: success / delivery / study / development / sense
take: measures, steps / a vacation, leave, retirement / a poll -> take형이 가장 빈출!
play an important role in do: household chores, the dishes, flowers / homework
8 형태에 유의해야할 동사
function, implement, supplement, compliment, experiment with 등 -tion, -ment형 동사들
lower 내리다 / weigh 무게가 나가다 cf. weight 무게
9 수여동사 (4형식 문형)
☞ give, tell, make, grant, hand, lend, teach + to / buy , take +for / ask + of

10.무조건 암기: * provide A with B 문형☞ A에게 B를 주다(제공하다)
provide, supply, furnish, present, endow, fill, gift, equip, charge
* deprive A of B 문형☞ A에게서 B를 빼앗다(박탈하다) deprive, rid, rob, clear, discharge
inform A of B 문형☞ A에게 B를 알리다(통지하다)
Inform, remind, notify, assure, convince, advise, apprise , explain ,
* propose B to A 문형☞ A에게 B를 제안하다suggest / introduce / announce/mention
* regard A as B 문형 look upon / think of / see / view A as B / cite A as B
consider A, B take, mistake A for B
* prevent A from B(∼ing) 문형☞ A가 B하는 것을 막다, 방해하다, 못하게 하다
prevent, keep, stop, discourage, prohibit, inhibit, deter , obtain ,

11. 진행불가 1.소유; belong ,have .love like dislike. 2 .상태 include, resemble, look. appear
1 I was so tired that I ... on the couch and closed my eyes.
a) laid b) lied c) lay down d) laid down
2. The guest speaker _______ at the head table with the governor and his staff.
(A) set (B) sat (C) sitting (D) seated
3. The reduction in salaries and benefits angered all staff associates.
(A) is (B) are (C) has (D) have
4. The cost of shipping goods ship has dramatically in the last six months.
A. rose B. risen C. raised D. rise
5 The students a) were b) pleased about the administration"s c) decision not to
d) rise tuition this semester.

6. The price of raw materials for paper goods (A)risen steadily (B)for two years, which
resulted in a (C) increase in the price of (D)finished products.
7. We will (A) discuss over the (B) difficulties of introducing (C) flex time in the
D) production department.
8 a) The secretary b) talks the problem c) which the president d) is concerned
9. a) Once the managers b) have seen the new prototype, they will c) discuss about it
with the d) production team.
10 Let a) me have your phone number b) so that I can c) reach to you d) in case of an
emergency.
11. People (a) who want to (b) look around the production line must (c) contact with the
(d) maintenance staff in advance.
12. Only the a) two applicants b) exceeded at all the c) requirements of the company, and
they were finally d) chosen.
13. The problem a) will be b) dealt as soon as c) we receive all the
relevant d) information.

14. The representative could a) deal the problem b) without any c) assistance from
d) the main office.
15. If children a) take the responsibility of b) caring a pet, they will c) learn lots
of d) valuable lessons.
16. Mr. David, who will (A) graduate college next August, (B) has already
(C) written to forty-five companies (D) seeking employment.
17 The team leader has often .... the reallocation of the workload based upon
previous work experience. a) consider b) considering c) considered d) considerate
18. Mobile Systems International has, over the a) last years, b) dispatching workers
c) to overseas assignments in d) over 100 countries.

19 In the event of employment, false or misleading information ---- may result in
dismissal. (a) had given (b) gave (c) was given (d) given

20 Applications a) were first screened to exclude b) those c) who did not d) meeting
requirements.
21 Please ____ to our brochure for a detailed list of our services and prices.
(A) will refer (B) referring (C) refer (D) to refer
22. A number of large corporations have been _____ considerable downsizing.
(a) undergo (b) undergone (c) underwent (d) undergoing
23. Rental cars may be a) bring back to b) one of the agency"s c) other offices for a
d) small fee.
* 기타 3 개 1. 강조 It ... that , ( on earth, in the world )
2.도치 ㄱ there (is, are), remain Here is , only 문두 ㄴ. 조건절, 가정법 (If) 생략
ㄷ. Neither , nor, 준부정어(hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely seldom, no sooner .. than
3. 병치(병렬): and/but/or not only∼but also, either∼or, such∼that, so∼that,
between∼and, nither∼nor, no sooner∼than( as soon as). both - and
4. 중복: the first initial , the last final, repeat again , return back, usage utilization.
come back home, hardly never(ever), , without (no / none) water, once more again
1 Changing the public attitude was proving to be a ________ and expensive process.
(A) slower (B) slow (C) slowing (D) slowly
2 Our software a)is b)widely used c) to process customer orders and d)analyzing sales
figures.
3 Keeping a) in contact with customers and b) inform them c) of company news can
d) help form a base of clients.
4 a) In business, making summaries and b) take notes are important skills c) which may
be expected of d) everyone.
5 Her husband had a) bought a house , found a job , and b) choose c) a school for the
children d) before she arrival.
6. By living with their parents and cut their leisure expenses,
they hoped to save a large amount of money.
7 To a) attend the seminar , please b) fill out the card and c) sending it d) with payment.
8 The a)new production manager enjoys not only b)fishing but c)to hike d) on the.......
9 To a) obtain a b) full refund on your purchase , you must c) return back the
merchandise d) within ten days.
10 a) To turn off the car"s engine, one must b) first initially put the car c) in park and
d) then remove the keys .
11 The a) proposed route of the railroad line b) has been changed c) twice since the
d) original first announcement.
12 You a) shouldn"t drive for b) more than three hours without c) taking d) no break.
13 Unless we a) can"t find someone to b) take over our task, we c) won"t be able
d) to attend the convention.
14 ....... 230 employees signed the agreement but 250 others refused to do so.
a) approximate b) approximated c) approximately d) approximation
15 .......... had she placed his luggage into the trunk of the taxicab when another passenger
promptly sat himself in the back seat.
a) sooner b) the sooner c) any sooner d) no sooner
16.---- remain four possible solutions to the trade issue, according to Ms. Chung,
the bureau chief. (A) It (B) He (C) They (D) There
17 I was so tired that I ... on the couch and closed my eyes.
a) laid b) lied c) lay down d) laid down
18 The students a) were b) pleased about the administration"s c) decision not to
d) rise tuition this semester.
19. The local a) community does not have the b) meanings to c) finance the
d) necessary addition to the old school.
-토익에서 가장 많이 나오는 유형 10가지-
1. 동사 가 잘못된 문제
수의 일치가 안된 문제(★★★★★)
1) The conditions for promotion (a) is clearly (b) specified in the (c) recently distributed
(d) employee manual.
2) Turbo Tech, one of the leading (a) companies in computer software, (b) are moving
(c) its headquarters to a new (d) industrial complex.
3) (a) After graduating from Harvard Law School, he was (b) hired by a law firm
that (c) specialize in international (d) disputes.
4) There (a) have been an increase in home burglaries (b) that are in(c)accordance
with the recent ( d ) major job .
5) (a) Becoming a professional in any sport (b) demand an enormous (c) amount of
the game and ( d ) dedication.
6) Coffee and tea (a) was served to people (b) attending the morning session of the
meeting, (c) while in the afternoon (d) cold refreshments were served.
시제 일치가 안된 문제 (★★★)
7) The manager claimed (a) that the(b) annual sales report (c) comes out without
permission (d) of the president.
8) The senior accountant said (a)that if he (b)has worked (c) harder, he (d)would have
been promoted earlier.
9). After the rain has (a) stopped , the children (b) were allowed to (c) take their dog to
(d) the park.
10) a) Because cracks b) have been found c) on the wall , the d) construction was
discontinued
병치가 이루어지지 않은 문제(★★★)
11) Moving a) away from a large city and b) to rent in c) a rural area will be a good
way to save d) lots of money.
12) This way a) of travelling b) will give you the opportunity c) to discover real Europe
and d) will meet various kinds of interesting people.
13) Her husband had a) bought a house , found a job , and b) choose c) a school for the
children d) before she arrival.
14) To a)attend the seminar , please b) fill out the card and c) sending it d) with
payment. 태가 틀린 문제 (★★★★)
15) The a) information b) leaflets c) can find d) next to the reception desk.
16) a) A processing fee b) will be charging c) when you send a large amount of money
d) overseas.
17) The a) executive b) was published some books c) on venture industries before
he d) joined our company.
18)The city auditorium was ... by the school department in preparation for
ceremonies . a) occupying b)being occupied c)been occupying d)been occupied
분사가 잘못된 문제 (★★★★)
19). Not too many years ago, it was an _______ experience to travel 50 miles from home.
(A) excited (B) excite (C) exciting (D) excitedly
20) She offers ... opportunities for professions in all fields of work , aboard yachts and
cruise liners. a) exciting b) excited c) excite d) excitement
21) .............. from all over the world , many foreign students attend this university.
a) come b) came c) coming d) comed..
22) ............. by different companies , these parts are interchangeable.
a) manufacture b) manufactured c) manufacturing d) manufacturer
23) It is reported that they had the equipment __________ yesterday.
(A) shipped (B) shipping (C) ship (D) was being shipped
24). The Mennonite Central Committee usually has volunteers..... the minutes of monthly
meeting to reduce operating costs.
a) transcribe b) transcribed c) transcribing d) to be transcribed
동명사/부정사가 잘못 쓰인 문제 (★★★)
25) Mr. Thomson failed a) completing the sales report by the b) due date
c) even though he d) worked overtime during the whole week.
26) We a) should consider b) to grant a c) special membership d) to foreign customers.
자동사/ 타동사의 활용이 잘못된 문제(★★★★)
27) If you a) join into the Novotel Fitness Club b) during the month of December, you
c) will get a special d) discount.
28) a)_The production manager will b) talk the plan c)with the d)designers tomorrow
morning.
29) Thank you for fly Pan Asia Airlines (a) today and we look forward (b) to serve you
again in (c) the (d) near future.
30) .......... new markets has allowed manufacturers to vary the style and range of their
product line. a) develop b) developed c) developing d) development
31) High seasonal demand makes it impossible ------ resort guests to be accommodated
without advance reservations. A) of B) if C) from D) for
동사의 활용 자체가 틀린 문제 (★★★★)
① 문장에서 동사 자체가 없는 경우
32) Doctors and other a) health care experts b) agreeing that aerobic exercises
c) should be part of d) any exercise routine.
33) a)As soon as you b) confirm‎ the schedule, please c) notification us d) of the result.
34) She has a) the manual that b) explaining the procedures c) for installing the d) hard
drive of the computer. 99
35) Working in the (A) Union also (B) meaning that you (C) must (D) pay union due.
36) To a) stay at b) the top in business , c) It good to learn from d) past experiences.
② 한 문장에 동사가 두 개인 경우
37) Everyone , (a) includes the school b) principal , has been noticing (c) positive changes
in student test (d) results
38) a) All the employees b) are interested c) in the project will be invited d) to attend
the seminar.D
③ 동사를 쓸 자리에 다른(품사의) 단어를 쓴 경우
39) In the presidential a) election campaign, George W. Bush promised b) to low taxes,
and create c) more jobs d) if elected.
40) a) To maintenance the proper functioning of this machine, b) thorough inspection
should c) take place at regular d) intervals.
조동사 뒤의 동사가 가 잘못된 문제(★★★)
41) The a)board of directors should b) carefully c) to determine their sales goals
d) before the monthly meeting this week.
42) Financial a) conditions of the company have b) became worse since it failed
c) to market the new products d) successfully.
43) Twenty percent of people surveyed say they do not _______ enough about the
economy. a) understood B) understand C) understanding D) understands
문장의 순서가 잘못된 문제 (★★)
44) The taxi coupons a) are not b) transferable nor c) they cannot be used d) to tip the
driver.
45) a) The supervisor could b) immediately find out c) where d) were the items located.
2 비교구문이 틀린 문제(★★★★)
비교급/ 최상급을 잘못 쓴 문제
46) His a) proposal is b) one of most exciting c)ones to improve our product quality and
d) enhance the company image.
as -- as / more -- than 구문 / the more , the more 비교급에 오류가 있는 문제
47) a) The number of reporters b) attending the press conference was c)much larger
d) when expected.
48) Because he was a) sick, his interview did not go b) as good as he c) would
d) have liked.
49) The president a) hesitated about b) signing the contract c) because he thought it
might not be d) as well as it looked.
50) The nearer you a) live to b)a big city, c) more expensive your living costs d) will be.
3. 관계대명사 문제(★★★★)
관계 대명사 자체가 틀린 문제
51) The employees a) which b) volunteered to take c) the project d) were dispatched
first.
52) She speaks Russian will be an asset in his position as
communications manager for Western Europe. (a) which (b) who (c) whichever (d) whoever
53) The truck driver"s (a) association is (b) lobbying for a law (c) what would make it
(d) legal for truckers to drive more than seven hours a day.
54) .... may be available on the night of the 31st is asked to attend the staff
meeting here at 6 p. m. that evening. a) what b) who c) whoever d) which
관계대명사를 썼음에도 문장이 완벽하게 되어있는문제(관계대명사를쓰고 대명사를 또 쓴 경우)
55) The subject a) that she will be taking b) it c) next semester d) is expected to be
difficult.
4. 대명사가 잘못된 문제(★★★★)
대명사의 수/ 성 / 격의 일치가 안된 문제
56) Customers a) have the right b) to express c) his opinions d) about the quality of the
product
57) My colleagues and I would like to extend ------- thanks to you for answering
the survey so promptly. (A) ourselves (B) our (C) us (D) ours
58) Mr. Schmidt" s performance is far superior to ----- of his associates.
(A) that (B) this (C) those (D) these

59) One of the two candidates for the job opening is not qualified enough, so ----- will
be considered for the position. A. another B. the other C. the others D. some
명사(선행사)와 대명사가 나란히 붙어있는 문제
60) The a) supervisor he will b) notify the employees c) if there are d) any changes to
the time table.
5 . Many / Much / Few / Little / Every, Each 수가 일치하지 않은 문제(★★★★)
61) a)Much retired people are anxious b) to take part time works c) related to d) their
speciality.
62) She"s lived a) in Mexico b) for five years c) but she still speaks only a d) few
Spanish.
63) a) Our customer service department is trained b) to answer every c) questions you
d) might ask.
64) Each financial a) transaction , along with b) all of the stock dealings, c) are traced
d) by the government
6. 관사와 복수를 잘못 쓴 문제(★★★★)
(예: productions employees -->production employees)
65) The chairman (a) believes that the (b) companies stocks will increase(c) greatly
during the next (c) fiscal years.
66) The a) lawmakers made a last-minute b) changes c) in the wording of
d) the agreement.
* 예외) 아래의 단어들은 예외로 토익 시험에 출제되는 절대 불 가산 명사들이 이다.
* advice / information / furniture / baggage / luggage / clothing / equipment
67). After obtaining your driver, s license, you (a) must be sure to (b) renew it every
five years as well as report any (c) changes in personal (d) informations.
68) The local community a) does not have b) enough money to provide necessary
c) furnitures to d) old school.

<단어 자체가 틀린 문제>
7. 전치사가 잘못된 문제(★★★★★)
1) 단독 전치사가 틀린 문제
69) The patients a) cannot move b) out of the building c) without permission d) at a
physician.
2) 숙어 속의 전치사가 틀린 문제
70) According a) of the report b) issued by the accounting department, the c) net profits
of this year increased d) drastically.
3) 전치사를 쓸 자리에 쓰지 못했거나 불필요하게 써서 틀린 문제
71) No agreement can a) easily be reached when b) both parties are c) reluctant to
show d) respect each other"s opinion.
8. 접속사가 잘못된 문제(★★★)
접속사 자체가 틀린 문제: 문장 번역이 되지 않는다.
72) Beginning in January, the electricity fee will increase by ________ ten percent.
(A) near (B) nearly (C) neared (D) nearing
73) After 30 years of hard work, Mr. Kenjo is retiring _____ chief executive officer of
the nationwide car company. (a) for (b) like (c) as (d) in

전치사 / 접속사 혼합형 문제 (★★★★)
예) Although/Despite While/During Because/Because of(Due to) Unless/(without,Except
74) The play had a poor showing at the box office, ________ two famous actors had lead
roles. (A) despite (B) even though (C) because of (D) in addition to
75) a)While the past b) few months, Peter c) has had some problems d) working with
his colleagues.
76) a) Because the bad weather condition, the Lexus project may not b) be implemented
c) _as it is originally planned.
9. 형용사 /부사를 잘못 쓴 문제(★★★★★)
77) In a) order for the system b) to function c) proper , it should d) be regularly
examined by the technicians.
78) When employees speak to customers on the telephones, they should always speak ......
(A) clear (B) clearly (C) clearness (D) clarity
79) The train was .... late that we were unable to get to school until after the exam had
already started. a) too b) very c) such d) so
80) This rural town has ... small population that the mail carrier knows where everyone
lives. a) but b) a so c) very d) such a
81) The advisor were ... late , so the meeting had already finished.
a) too little b) little too c) too much d) much too
10. 명사를 잘못 쓴 문제(★★★★★)
1) 단어(명사) 자체를 잘못 쓴 문제 예) agency -> agent, advice -> advise
82) If you take my .... and talk to tour boss directly, you will not regret it.
a) advise b) adviser c) advisory d) advice
83) Durable goods (a) orders rebounded (b) in early March (c) from their first decline
(d) in fourth months.
84) By introducing a new calling center , Homeshopping improved customer ...........
a) satisfy b) satisfactory c) satisfaction d) satisfactorily
85) Easy-to-follow instructions for ------- are included with your new easel.
(A) assemble (B) assembly (C) assembler (D) assembled
2)명사 앞에 숫자가 나온 문제(수사 문제)
명사 앞에 구체적인 숫자가 나오면 그 숫자는 형용사이므로 반드시 단수로 쓴다.
86) More than a) three thousands tickets b) to the concert c) were sold d) during
business hours today.
반면에, 막연히 많은 수를 나타내는 표현이 명사 앞에 오면 반드시 복수로 쓴다.
87) a) Hundred of representatives from b) all over the world will c) attend the
International conference d) in July.
동명사 / 명사를 혼동한 문제
명사를 쓸 자리에 동명사를 잘못 쓴 문제가 주로 출제가 된다
88) His a) employing with our firm b) will be finished c) unless he d) adheres to the
contract.
89) We"ve a) learned about this program b) through the c) advertising d)in the
entertainment section of today"s paper.
90) a) Because production is b) current behind c) schedule , we need to d) put in extra....