숙의 민주주의(deliberative democracy, discursive democracy) 발전을 위한 과제
A.
숙의 민주주의의 전제
authentic “rule by the people” is linked closely to the quality and extent of public debate.
인간은 자율적,도덕적 주체
We are weathered children of the enlightenment. We see ourselves as autonomous persons who are self-determining.
Who are we? Persons who have rational capacities and are moral agents.
자본주의 대의민주주의 (representative democracy)
현실-소비주의,관료주의에 찌듬
the current state of representative democracy in capitalist societies, let alone the hordes of others that ride roughshod over their citizens. Consumerist values—purchasing without consulting anyone, watching spectacles, the dramatic rise in marketing and advertising—have seeped into our thinking about citizenship. We easily succumb to the idea that citizenship is just a form of consumerism. Alone, I choose my product, and once aggregated, all the individual choices conform the value of the product.
The famous “decline of the public” theme, announced by Habermas in the early 1960s, is borne out by our tendency to prefer bureaucratic organizations, marketing strategies, crowd spectacles, and mass entertainment.
욕설과 패거리 정치
Shouting hate-filled and angry nasty words at perceived opponents is all too prevalent in our world of shattered speech and blocked dialogue. The social media is packed with nasty put-downs and in conventional politics partisanship and name-calling prevail.
B.
To make good decisions, citizens need both to be informed (access to relevant information) and to have access to public places (marketplaces, pubs, street corners, living rooms, and public spheres of different kind). These are essential ingredients for deliberative democracy.
1.정보의 질과 편향성
2.대중적 공간의 성격
사회생활의 저변에서의 민주적 토론 문화 정착
dialogic relationships within our most intimate circles.
토론의 습관화와 제도화
conversational habits must have been acquired by men and women through cultural socialization and societal encouragement and social practice.
기성 법과 제도에 대한 비판적 고찰 능력
We cannot, he says, be merely subject to the law; we must have the “power to deliberate and decide what the law will be”
도구적, 적략적 합리성에 따른 결정에 대한 부정
it implies public deliberation in some form, legislation authored by citizens who are subject to them, the rejection of the reduction to politics and decision-making to instrumental and strategic rationality, and collective decisions which ensure that they are justified by public reasons.
토론 지평의 확장
Discursive democracy, she argues, need not be restricted to small, face-to-face gatherings, but is relevant to the complex social learning processes at the state and international levels
출처
https://www.counterpunch.org/2019/11/01/two-theories-of-democracy/
Public Deliberation: Pluralism, Complexity, and Democracy
by James Bohman (Author)
Bohman develops a realistic model of deliberation by gradually introducing and analyzing the major tests facing deliberative democracy: cultural pluralism, social inequalities, social complexity, and community-wide biases and ideologies.
How can we create a vital and inclusive pluralistic democracy? Public Deliberation offers answers to this question by showing how democratic theory and democratic practice can be remade to face new challenges.
Arguing against the skepticism about democracy that flourishes today on both ends of the political spectrum, James Bohman proposes a new model of public deliberation that will allow a renewed expansion of democratic practice, even in the face of increasing pluralism, inequality, and social complexity. Bohman builds on early Critical Theory and on the recent work of Jürgen Habermas and John Rawls (while taking into consideration criticisms of their work) to create a picture of a richer democratic practice based on the public reasoning of citizens.
Starting with a pragmatic account of how deliberation actually works to promote agreements and cooperation, he develops a realistic model of deliberation by gradually introducing and analyzing the major tests facing deliberative democracy: cultural pluralism, social inequalities, social complexity, and community-wide biases and ideologies. The result is a new understanding of the ways in which public deliberation can be extended to meet the needs of modern societies.