Meaning of "How'd you know?": "would", "did", or "do"?
Does the question "How'd you know" mean:
How do you know?
How did you know?
How would you?
asked May 18 '13 at 1:49
edited May 20 '13 at 19:19
Depending on how it's pronounced, yes.
The canonical /hawdyə'no/, /hawdədʒə'no/, and /hawədʒə'no/ (respectively) are frequently merged into something like [ha:dʒə'no] in rapid speech, when the context is clear.
If you don't want to be ambiguous in writing (because the abbreviations don't distinguish the pronunciation very well), it's better to use the full word.
Don't forget -- the language is spoken. Writing only approximates speech; and in English, the fidelity is worse than usual. – John Lawler May 18 '13 at 2:12
1 Answer
This question can be satisfactorily answered only if a specific context is provided. For example:
A: I broke up with my boyfriend because he was cheating on me.
B: How'dja know? = How did you know? because A's sentence is past tense.
C: Most Americans own AK-47s.
D: How d'you know? = How do you know? because C's sentence is present tense.
E: I'll shoot my girlfriend if she cheats on me.
F: How'd you know? = How would you know? because E's sentence is a future condition.
Notice that I changed the contracted forms. I did that because the pronunciation of the spoken English sentences would change. That doesn't mean that the written form would change. Not everyone can or wants to or bothers to provide readers with an accurate phonetic transcription of how they'd say such sentences.
Another point: The E-F dialog is the least likely one to use "how'd you". I think most native speakers would say How would you know? I know that I would.
Ambiguous sentences are a constant problem in all languages. Listeners and readers have to interpret them as best they can. However, when you're actively engaged in a conversation, you can always ask the speaker to explain. When you're reading, you have to use clues in the piece of discourse you're reading to figure things out. It's usually not terribly difficult, but there's no guarantee that you'll always get it right, despite the confidence that so many writers have that readers can always read their minds.
첫댓글 that's right...also many humans say why why why...but 꿈꾸는자는 why 보다 how 를 더 많이 사용합니다.