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The rapid rise of quantum sensing is swiftly overcoming the value of stealth in war, which will be eclipsed by a need for speed, self-defense measures and other means of evading an enemy, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s No. 2 official said.
The “stealth era” may be coming to a close as the future becomes increasingly dominated by sensors, Rob McHenry said on a webinar hosted June 25 by the Air and Space Forces Association’s Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies.
“I don’t think we’re going to be able to hide, in an operational sense, in a realistic way,” McHenry said, “due to the sophistication of sensor fusion and track, using AI and other techniques.”
His comments come as the Air Force invests heavily in stealthy platforms that could sneak by enemy air defenses in a future conflict, from the next-generation F-47 fighter to the B-21 bomber to new hunter-killer drones. The service has mused that larger, slower jets like tankers and transport planes should also have some form of cloaking to avoid being targeted as they ferry equipment, troops and gas.
DARPA is wrestling with the implications of this development, McHenry said. The secretive research agency has launched initiatives exploring advances in speed, maneuverability, and the ability to sustain battle damage—success with which could give a military force an edge in combat.
But he downplayed the utility of adding new munitions to the mix. While weapons can “always go faster and be more maneuverable than your platform, [that’s] probably not a deep … vein to go invest in,” he said.
McHenry said the likely demise of stealth has signaled that the U.S. needs to develop more defensive capabilities, particularly in the air domain. While naval vessels are “designed to take a hit and keep fighting,” he said, that’s not typically true of aircraft.
He wondered why “we don’t have anti-missile missiles on our tactical aircraft. “You assume you’re going to get shot at and you can do something about it.”
But America’s adversaries will lose the advantage of stealth, too. The U.S. can now employ quantum sensing to see stealthy opponents whose air combat technology is increasingly on par with America’s, McHenry said.
Quantum sensing collects atomic-level data on time, temperature, rotation, and more to pinpoint an object’s location with unprecedented accuracy.
Quantum sensing is transitioning from a science “to an engineering discipline that we can deploy in real-world situations,” McHenry noted.
“If you emit a kilowatt of energy, you’re going to be seen and you’re going to be engaged,” he said. “The ability to do that in small, lightweight form factors is going to be fundamentally different than anything we’ve had before. And so, while we’re worried about … the implications of that for the stealth era and what’s next beyond that, we’re also obviously leveraging that fully to go after the adversaries and be able to track things … virtually anywhere, anytime.”
When it comes to speed, DARPA is exploring what hypersonic weapons and platforms might look like in a decade. The agency also has ongoing work related to hypersonic projects run by the military services, McHenry said.
The agency is revisiting its investment in hypersonics research after a “generation of massive investment” in initiatives like the Hypersonic Test Vehicle failed to garner much interest from the armed forces, he said.
“The cost of these systems was extremely high,” he said. “The operational need for them was uncertain.”
Speed matters for the defense-industrial base, too. Facing at least one competitor with comparable economic power and technological capability will require the Pentagon to constantly iterate on its equipment. DARPA is experimenting with software that can be updated within a day to adapt to changes on the battlefield.
Cyber, EW Key to Winning Future Wars, DARPA Official Says
Rob McHenry, deputy director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) speaks during an appearance at the Air and Space Forces Association's Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies, June 25, 2025.
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Cyber, Electronic Warfare Key to Winning Future Fights, DARPA Official Says
June 25, 2025 | By Matthew Cox
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The U.S. military needs to ensure pilots value non-kinetic weapons just as much as missiles and guns to avoid losing the next war, a top Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency leader said.
Cyber and electromagnetic warfare are now crucial tools for modern warfare, but they are not emphasized enough as the go-to weapons for fighter pilots, DARPA Deputy Director Rob McHenry said during a June 25 event hosted by the Mitchell Institute for Aerospace Studies. In most pilot training exercises, such non-kinetic effects are separated from tactical operations training.
“They don’t actually see it. They don’t touch it. They don’t know it in the same way they know all the other combat capabilities that they’re responsible for,” McHenry said. “I think all of these are fundamental mistakes that will cost us the next war, because cyber effects are going to be deployed at every level of combat in any future operation.”
U.S. Strategic Command stood up the Joint Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations Center in July 2023, a key step in emphasizing non-kinetic warfare, but more can be done, according to Rep. Don Bacon (R-Neb.), a retired Air Force brigadier general who sits on the House Armed Services Committee.
“There’s a lot of studies, and there’s a lot of paper, but paper doesn’t jam and paper doesn’t hit missiles,” Bacon said at another Mitchell Institute event on June 24. “We need to have more capability output, and I’m just not seeing enough of it right now.”
To McHenry, non-kinetic effects need to be buttons on the cockpit controls. Just as pilots have a red button to fire a missile, they need to have a “blue button there that’s going to launch the cyber effect,” he said.
If the U.S. was to engage with China to defend Taiwan, for example, that would be an “electromagnetic armageddon, the likes of which we have never seen before,” McHenry said. Both sides will seek to jam each other’s radars and communications.
The problem is, “we currently have no capability to even test our systems and comprehend what that could look like operationally,” McHenry said.
DARPA has been working on a program dubbed the “Digital RF Battlefield Emulatory,” or DRBE, since 2019 that consists of the largest supercomputer on the planet designed to accurately model the bandwidth needed in real-world radio-frequency environments. As part of the effort, DARPA has selected Cerberus Systems and Ranovus to deliver wafer-size semiconductors that will provide new supercomputing capability to DRBE with a fraction of the power needed by current computer technology, according to a Cerberus press release.
“It’s a 12-inch wafer with more than a million cores on it that does real-time full physics simulation of the RF environment,” McHenry said. “You can literally hook [DRBE] up to the RF backend of a radar or communication system, and this computer will do all the physics modeling of how that RF energy operates in the environment.”
The next step will be to scale the capability up to simulate “real-world combat” using non-kinetic weapons, he said.
“That’s a gap we have to fill, because we could be counting on capabilities that … are not having the operational impact that we thought they would, because we simply can’t test any of that,” McHenry said
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